聽眾夢日想知道 “result、outcome” 和 “consequence” 之間的區(qū)別。它們都有 “結果” 的意思,但正式程度不同,所指的 “結果” 也試情況而定,有所區(qū)別。它們當中哪個詞最正式?哪個詞通常指 “(不好的)后果”?聽節(jié)目,學習這三個近義詞之間的區(qū)別。
歡迎你加入并和我們一起討論英語學習的方方面面。請通過微博 “BBC英語教學” 或郵件與我們取得聯系。我們的郵箱地址是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
(關于臺詞的備注: 請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。)
Jiaying
大家好,歡迎收聽 BBC英語教學的 “你問我答” 節(jié)目,我是佳瑩。
Sam
And I'm Sam. Welcome!
Jiaying
本期節(jié)目的問題來自聽眾夢日,我們來聽一下她的問題。
Question
I've listened to your programme for a month. It helps me a lot. Could you tell me the difference between 'consequence', 'outcome', and 'result'?
Jiaying
聽眾夢日想知道這三個詞之間的區(qū)別,它們都可以作名詞使用,翻譯成 “結果”。
Sam
Generally speaking, these three nouns all talk about something that happens after another event, but there are differences in formality and connotation.
Jiaying
一般來說,這三個詞都用來談論 “某件事情發(fā)生后出現的情況”,但它們之間的主要區(qū)別在于其正式程度和隱含的意思不同。
Sam
Yes. 'Result', for example, is the most neutral of the three words. It's not formal or informal, positive or negative.
Jiaying
是的,名詞 “result” 的基本含義是 “結果”,在問題中的三個詞當中,它的正式程度居中,也是最中性的一個。
Sam
'Result' is a countable noun, so you will see it in the singular and the plural forms. It is also sometimes followed by the preposition 'of'.
Jiaying
“Result” 是可數名詞,復數是 “results”,后面可以接介詞 “of”:“the results of something”,用來具體說明前面所描述的情況是哪件事情的結果。聽兩個例句。
Examples
Her promotion was the result of hard work and dedication.
(她得到晉升是努力工作和奉獻精神的結果。)
To get the best results, use fresh eggs and make sure they're at room temperature.
(為了達到最好的效果,請用室溫下儲存的新鮮雞蛋。)
Jiaying
上面我們講到,名詞 “result” 一般來說是比較中性的,但它有時還可以表示 “(好的或令人滿意的)成果,成效”。在表達這個含義的時候,常用復數 “results”。聽兩個例句。
Examples
We've spent a lot of time on our garden, and we're finally starting to see the results.
(我們在花園里下了很大的工夫,終于開始看到成效了。)
They've brought in a new coach for next season. They think he will get results.
(他們?yōu)橄聜€賽季請來了一位新教練。他們認為這位教練將會帶來好的賽果。)
Sam
Now, we can also use 'result' in more specific situations, like when we're talking about the score of a sports match, for example.
Jiaying
除了指 “體育比賽的結果、比分” 以外,名詞 “result” 還指 “考試或測試的分數” 以及 “化驗結果;實驗結果”。
Sam
Let's listen to one example for each of those situations we mentioned now.
Examples
What are the football results? I couldn't watch the game.
(足球賽的結果如何?我沒看成比賽。)
Our teacher said she'd give us our test results next week.
(我們老師說她下周公布考試成績。)
We need to wait for the results of your blood tests before we can make a diagnosis.
(我們需要等驗血結果出來才能作出診斷。)
Jiaying
好了,接著看名詞 “outcome”。“Outcome” 同樣有 “結果” 的意思,具體表示 “(一個行為或情況造成的)后果或影響”。
“Outcome” 與 “result” 的含義非常相似,主要區(qū)別在于:“outcome” 更正式,所以使用頻率相對較低。
Sam
Exactly. And another thing to notice is that, even though 'outcome' is a countable noun, it's almost always used in the singular form.
Jiaying
沒錯,雖然名詞 “outcome” 是可數的,但它幾乎總是用作單數形式。聽兩個例句。
Examples
We don't yet know what the outcome of the meeting will be.
(我們還不知道會議的結果如何。)
Selling the company and dividing the assets among the three founders, was the best outcome for everybody.
(出售公司,資產分給三位創(chuàng)始人,這對大家來說是最好的結果。)
Jiaying
最后,我們來講一講名詞 “consequence”,它是可數名詞,意思是 “(特定行為或情況的)后果”,這個 “后果” 通常很嚴重和糟糕?!癈onsequence” 的正式程度居中。
Sam
Yes, we often use this countable noun when talking about something serious. In fact, 'serious' is an adjective you'll often see used to describe 'consequence'. Here are your examples.
Examples
Smoking can have serious consequences for your health.
(吸煙會對你的健康造成嚴重后果。)
As a consequence of the bad weather, many flights were cancelled.
(由于惡劣天氣,許多航班被取消了。)
Jiaying
希望大家在聽了我們的講解后,對名詞 “result、outcome” 和 “consequence” 之間的區(qū)別有了一定的理解。
Sam
It was another great question – thanks for sending it in! Don't forget that anyone listening can send in their questions, too!
Jiaying
如果你在英語學習中遇到了難題,歡迎通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學”。你也可以發(fā)郵件給我們,郵箱地址是:questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk 謝謝收聽 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。我是佳瑩。我們下次再會!
Sam
Until next time, bye-bye.
Jiaying
Bye!