網(wǎng)友 “閃電小子” 想知道 “despite、as、though、 although” 和 “while” 之間的區(qū)別。這五個(gè)詞都能用來(lái)表達(dá) “雖然,盡管” 的意思,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句對(duì)比鮮明,但它們的用法不同。聽節(jié)目,學(xué)習(xí)這五個(gè)詞的正確用法。
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(關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注: 請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。)
Neil
Hello, this is Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Neil.
Jiaying
And I'm Jiaying. Welcome! 本期節(jié)目要回答的問題來(lái)自網(wǎng)名是 “閃電小子” 的聽眾,問題是這樣的:
Question
您好,我是 BBC 英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的忠實(shí)粉絲,我想問一個(gè)問題:“despite、as、though、although” 和 “while” 這五個(gè)詞表示 “雖然,盡管” 時(shí),有不同之處嗎?
Neil
This is a great question – because these words are all used in very similar ways, but there are differences and these differences are often quite small.
Jiaying
是的,這五個(gè)詞在用法上的區(qū)別不大,所以容易被混淆。
Neil
Yes, and the obvious one to start with is 'despite' – all the words we're looking at are used for introducing something contrasting or surprising. 'Despite' does this – but there is one really important thing to remember – what is it, Jiaying?
Jiaying
問得好!雖然介詞 “despite(盡管)” 和問題中的其它詞語(yǔ)一樣都可以用來(lái)引出 “對(duì)比鮮明或出人意料的情況”,但我們要記住一點(diǎn):“despite” 后總是接名詞成分。
Neil
Yes, that's right – so let's look at these examples, which mean the same thing.
Examples
Despite the fact that it's raining, we're going out.
(盡管正在下雨,我們還是要出去。)
Despite the rain, we're going out.
(盡管下雨了,我們還是要出去。)
Jiaying
在上面的兩個(gè)例句中,單詞 “despite” 后面都接名詞成分。第一個(gè)例句中的 “despite” 后面接 “the fact”,第二個(gè)例句中的 “despite” 后面接 “the rain”,但兩句話的含義基本相同。另外要注意,在本期節(jié)目中給出的多數(shù)例句中,主從句的順序可以互換,語(yǔ)句仍正確,句意不變。
Neil
So, as you'll see, sometimes the word we choose has an impact on the structure of our sentences. We have to follow 'despite' with a noun, and if we want to use 'as' in this way, we have to use a special word order.
Jiaying
沒錯(cuò),在問題中的五個(gè)詞當(dāng)中,我們即便是想要表達(dá)相同的含義,也要慎重地選詞,因?yàn)樗x的詞語(yǔ)會(huì)對(duì)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生影響。剛才我們說(shuō) “despite(盡管)” 后面必須接名詞成分。那么,如果想用 “as” 來(lái)表達(dá) “盡管” 的意思,則應(yīng)該用以下這兩個(gè)例句中的特殊詞序。
Examples
Raining as it is, we're going out.
(盡管正在下雨,我們還是要出去。)
Difficult as it is, we're going to succeed.
(盡管這件事情很難,但我們一定會(huì)成功。)
Jiaying
在上面的兩個(gè)例句中,“as” 引導(dǎo)的從句應(yīng)以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)。比如,第一句話 “Raining as it is” 中提前到 “as” 前的部分為 “raining”;第二句話中 “Difficult as it is” 中提前的部分為 “difficult”。
Neil
You might find this more often in literary language, or anywhere where someone is using language carefully and deliberately. It's not just 'as' that we can use in this way – 'though' can also work in this structure.
Jiaying
你可能更常在文學(xué)語(yǔ)言或較嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)拇朕o中看到這類結(jié)構(gòu)。除了單詞 “as” 以外, “though(盡管,雖然)” 同樣可以用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)中。
Examples
Raining though it is, we're going out.
(盡管正在下雨,我們還是要出去。)
Late though it is, I'm not going home.
(盡管很晚了,但我還不打算回家。)
Jiaying
這是 “though” 表示 “雖然,盡管” 時(shí)的用法之一?!癟hough” 還有另一個(gè)用法,與 “although” 用法相同。聽兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
Although it's raining, we're going out.
(雖然正在下雨,但我們還是要出去。)
Though it's sunny, we're staying in.
(雖然天氣晴朗,但我們還是要待在家里。)
Neil
So, yes, 'though' and 'although' can be used in the same way – and here they are interchangeable with 'despite the fact that'. Note that 'though' is probably more common than 'although', especially in speech.
Jiaying
“Though” 和 “although” 都表示 “盡管,雖然”,在前面聽到的兩個(gè)例句中用法相同,而且分別都可以用 “despite the fact that” 來(lái)替換,句意不變。注意:“though” 可能比 “although” 更常用,尤其是在口語(yǔ)交流中。
它們兩者的區(qū)別是:要想強(qiáng)調(diào)句中所描述的條件并不充分,那么可以使用搭配 “even though”,但這里不能用 “although” 來(lái)替換 “though”。聽兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
Even though it's raining, we're going out.
(盡管正在下雨,但我們還是要出去。)
Even though my leg hurts, I'm still going to play.
(雖然我的腿疼,但我還是要參加比賽。)
Neil
Then, we've got 'while' – as long as we're not talking about time, it can also be used in the same way as 'although' or 'despite the fact that'.
Jiaying
最后來(lái)看 “while”?!癢hile” 的一個(gè)常見用法是表示 “在…的時(shí)候,與…同時(shí)”,但 “while” 同樣也有 “盡管” 的意思,這個(gè)用法與 “although” 和 “despite the fact that” 的用法相同。聽兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
While it's raining, we're still going out.
(雖然正在下雨,但我們還是要出去。)
While I like your idea, I'm going to use mine.
(雖然我喜歡你的想法,但我還是會(huì)用我的想法。)
Jiaying
在第一個(gè)例句中,“still” 用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)雖然 “while” 從句中描述的條件非常不充分,但主句中的事情仍會(huì)發(fā)生,主從句形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。還要注意的是:用 “while” 表達(dá) “盡管” 的意思時(shí),它要放在句首。
Neil
So, we've just had a look at the differences between 'despite', 'as', 'though', 'although' and 'while'.
Jiaying
希望我們的講解幫助大家理解了這五個(gè)詞在表示 “雖然,盡管” 時(shí)的區(qū)別。
如果你也在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)遇到了疑問,歡迎你通過微博私信將問題發(fā)送給我們,我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)”。
Neil
Or you can email us your question. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Bye!
Jiaying
Bye!