據(jù)路透社4月19日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國(guó)煙酒槍炮及爆炸物管理局（ATF）數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中美洲追回和追蹤到的“涉案槍械”中，超半數(shù)來自美國(guó)，在墨西哥這一比例接近70%，而整個(gè)加勒比海地區(qū)80%的“涉案槍械”來自美國(guó)。

"It's called the iron river and it's flooding countries to the south," Elizabeth Burke of US non-profit Global Action on Gun Violence said at an event organized by the Center for American Progress in Washington.
美國(guó)非營(yíng)利組織全球反槍支暴力行動(dòng)的伊麗莎白·伯克在華盛頓進(jìn)步中心舉辦的一次活動(dòng)中說："美國(guó)槍支像'鐵河'般涌入，正在淹沒南美國(guó)家?！?/span>

John Lindsay-Poland, an activist from Stop US Arms to Mexico, added that lax license rules and enforcement helped facilitate the cross-border flow of arms - including military-grade weapons desired by cartels.
社會(huì)活動(dòng)家約翰·林賽·波蘭稱，寬松的許可證規(guī)則和執(zhí)法會(huì)推動(dòng)武器的跨境流動(dòng)，包括犯罪集團(tuán)所需的軍事級(jí)武器。

U.S government figures show last year that income from legal firearm shipments to Latin America increased 8%, with most sales going to Brazil, Mexico, Guatemala and Colombia.
美國(guó)官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2022年向拉丁美洲出口的合法槍支收入增長(zhǎng)了 8%，其中大部分銷往巴西、墨西哥、危地馬拉和哥倫比亞。

Between 2007 and 2019, more than 179,000 firearms were captured in Mexico and five Central American countries and traced to gun shops and gun factories in the United States. Mexico’s foreign ministry believes this is the tip of the iceberg, and estimates that more than two million guns crossed the Rio Grande over the last decade.
據(jù)英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》2021年報(bào)道，2007年至2019年間，墨西哥和五個(gè)中美洲國(guó)家繳獲了超過17.9萬(wàn)支槍支，并追蹤到美國(guó)的槍支商店和槍支工廠。墨西哥外交部認(rèn)為這只是冰山一角，并估計(jì)在過去十年中，有200多萬(wàn)支槍支從美國(guó)流入墨西哥。

The weapons originate in the legal US gun market. They then cross into a parallel black market through four main methods: a private sale loophole; straw buyers (people with clean records paid to buy guns); theft from gun shops; and the sale of parts to make un-serialized weapons, or “ghost guns”.
這些武器來源于美國(guó)合法槍支市場(chǎng)，主要通過四種方式進(jìn)入槍支黑市，包括：私人銷售漏洞；雇傭無違法記錄的人購(gòu)買槍支；從槍支商店盜竊；以及出售槍械零件用于自制武器或“幽靈槍”。

Traffickers take these guns from states with looser laws, such as Virginia and Georgia, to cities with stricter laws, including Washington and New York, which are suffering from sharp increases in gun violence. They also smuggle them south to Mexico, over the 2,000-mile border, hidden in cars and trucks.
槍支販運(yùn)者將這些槍支從弗吉尼亞州和佐治亞州等法律較寬松的州帶到華盛頓和紐約等法律較嚴(yán)格的城市，加劇這些城市的槍支暴力問題。這些槍支還被藏在汽車和卡車?yán)铮竭^2000英里的邊境向南走私到墨西哥。

2022年10月，墨西哥第二次提交針對(duì)5家美國(guó)武器制造商的訴訟，旨在追究美國(guó)槍企違規(guī)銷售導(dǎo)致大量槍支非法流入墨西哥，助長(zhǎng)墨西哥國(guó)內(nèi)暴力事件的責(zé)任，并且向美國(guó)方面提出賠償要求。

The Mexican government filed a lawsuit against major U.S. arms manufacturers and distributors in federal court in Boston, arguing their negligent business practices have sparked bloodshed in Mexico by marketing to the country’s criminal underworld, “facilitating the unlawful trafficking of their guns to drug cartels.”
墨西哥政府在波士頓聯(lián)邦法院對(duì)美國(guó)主要武器制造商和經(jīng)銷商提起訴訟，稱美企違規(guī)向墨西哥犯罪集團(tuán)銷售槍支，引發(fā)流血事件，“為向販毒集團(tuán)非法販運(yùn)槍支提供便利”。

According to the Mexican government, at least 17,000 homicides in 2019 were linked to arms trafficking. 
根據(jù)墨西哥政府的數(shù)據(jù)，2019年至少有17000起兇殺案與武器販運(yùn)有關(guān)。

編輯：董靜，李蕙帆（實(shí)習(xí)）
綜合路透社、衛(wèi)報(bào)、Just Security