你問我答
Because of, due to, owing to and for 四個因果連接詞的區(qū)別
內(nèi)容簡介
聽眾 “刺猬” 想知道 “because of、due to、owing to” 和 “for” 有何不同。這些連接詞都能引出事情發(fā)生的原因。它們當(dāng)中有些較為正式，有些則常用于口語交流中。在它們中，哪個詞后面必須接從句？哪個詞后面要接名詞或代詞？哪個詞作連接詞的用法已經(jīng)不常見？聽節(jié)目，學(xué)習(xí)這四個連接詞的用法和區(qū)別。
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文字稿
（關(guān)于臺詞的備注: 請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。）
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.
Jiaying
And I'm Jiaying. 本期 “你問我答” 節(jié)目要回答的問題來自聽眾 “刺猬”。問題如下：
Question
你好，請問 “because of、owing to、due to” 和 “for” 的區(qū)別是什么？謝謝！
Jiaying
謝謝 “刺猬” 發(fā)來的問題。問題中的這些詞翻譯成漢語都是 “因為”，而且它們都是連接詞。
Beth
To explain the difference, we're first going to hear a dialogue.
Jiaying
在聽對話的過程中，想想兩人在談?wù)撌裁磫栴}。
Dialogue
A: Everyone is late to work today because of the icy roads.
今天大家都因地面結(jié)冰上班遲到了。
B: Yes, a lot of trains were cancelled due to the weather.
是呀，由于天氣原因，多班火車被取消了。
A: The train company sent a notification: 'Owing to the icy weather, journeys may take longer today.'
火車公司發(fā)來了一條通知，上面說：“今日因天冷結(jié)冰，車程可能會更長。”
Jiaying
對話中的兩人談?wù)摰膯栴}是 “icy roads（地面結(jié)冰）” 導(dǎo)致的一系列后果。我們接下來在講解不同連接詞的過程中，會重新播放對話中的相應(yīng)例句。
Beth
Now we're going to look at the meaning and use of each word to explain the differences. 'Because of' is used in spoken and written English and can be used in formal and informal situations.
Jiaying
“Because of（因為）” 在口語和書面語，以及正式和非正式場合中都能使用。它可以用于句中或句首。
Dialogue
A: Everyone is late to work today because of the icy roads.
今天大家都因地面結(jié)冰上班遲到了。
Beth
If we move 'because of' to the beginning, the sentence sounds slightly more formal and is more common in writing.
Examples
Everyone is late to work today because of the icy roads.
今天大家都因地面結(jié)冰上班遲到了。
Because of the icy roads, everyone was late to work today.
因為地面結(jié)冰，今天大家上班都遲到了。
Beth
'Because of' can be followed by a noun or a pronoun. And if a verb follows these, it must be in the -ing form.
Jiaying
是的，“because of” 后接名詞或代詞。名詞或代詞的后面可以接動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。在對話中，“because of” 后接 “icy roads”。
Beth
Now, let's compare this with 'due to'. 'Due to' is a little more formal than 'because of'.
Jiaying
“Due to” 的意思是 “由于”，它在日常英語交流中并不常見，但你可以在正式場合和寫作中，特別是學(xué)術(shù)英語中使用 “due to”。
Beth
But, it does have the same grammar as 'because of'. So, 'due to' can be followed by a noun or a pronoun and then an -ing verb.
Jiaying
“Due to” 后面可以接名詞或代詞，再接動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。
Example
Trains were cancelled due to it snowing heavily.
火車因大雪被取消了。
Jiaying
“Due to” 可以放在句首或句中，但它在句子中的位置并不改變句子的正式程度。
Examples
A lot of trains were cancelled due to the weather.
由于天氣原因，多班火車被取消了。
Due to the weather, trains were cancelled.
由于天氣原因，火車被取消了。
Beth
Now let's look at 'owing to'. It's more common in writing than speaking because it's formal.
Jiaying
連接詞 “owing to” 在寫作中比在口語交流中更常見，而且比 “because of” 和 “due to” 更正式。另外，“owing to” 特別適用于正式公告或官方通知中。
Dialogue
A: 'Owing to the icy weather, journeys may take longer today.'
“今日因天冷結(jié)冰，車程可能會更長?！?/p>
Beth
'Owing to' can go at the beginning or the middle of a sentence.
Jiaying
從句中的位置來看，“owing to” 可以用于句首或句中，不過它的位置并不影響句子的正式程度。
Examples
'Owing to the icy weather, journeys may take longer today.'
“今日因天冷結(jié)冰，車程可能會更長。”
'Journeys may take longer today owing to the icy weather.'
“今日車程可能會更長，這是天冷結(jié)冰的緣故。”
Beth
Let's compare this with 'for', which is used differently to the other linkers.
Example
I didn't go out for the weather was awful.
我因天氣很糟糕而沒有出門。
Beth
After 'for', we use a main clause, which means it's followed by a subject and a verb in the infinitive or relevant tense, like the past simple.
Jiaying
與問題中的前三個詞不同的是，“for” 后接包含主語和謂語動詞的主從句，而且這里，“for” 只能放在句中，不能放在句首。
Beth
And the use of 'for' as a linker is quite archaic in English now so, if used, in speaking, it can be considered pretentious.
Jiaying
不過大家要注意，“for” 雖然也有 “由于” 的意思，但它作連接詞的用法已經(jīng)不常用了。如果在口語中這樣使用 “for”，那么聽起來可能有些做作。連接詞 “for” 多用于詩歌和故事中，聽起來比較有詩意。
希望我們的講解和例句讓你對這些說明因果關(guān)系的連接詞有了更深的理解。
Beth
If you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying
你也可以通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學(xué)”。Bye, everyone.
Beth
Bye!
