> Chinese tea making joins UNESCO list
“中國傳統(tǒng)制茶技藝及其相關(guān)習(xí)俗”申遺成功

The tea that has delighted and fascinated the world for millennia has finally received top-level global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind.
數(shù)千年來，茶葉一直深受世界各地人民喜愛，如今，茶葉作為一種人類文化的瑰寶終于獲得國際認可。

Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China were added to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Tuesday.
11月29日，中國傳統(tǒng)制茶技藝及其相關(guān)習(xí)俗列入聯(lián)合國教科文組織人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作名錄。

The status was conferred by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, hosted in Rabat, Morocco. It consists of knowledge, skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations, the picking of tea leaves, and the processing, drinking and sharing of tea.
“中國傳統(tǒng)制茶技藝及其相關(guān)習(xí)俗”是有關(guān)茶園管理、茶葉采摘、茶的手工制作，以及茶的飲用和分享的知識、技藝和實踐。在摩洛哥拉巴特召開的聯(lián)合國教科文組織保護非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)政府間委員會將其列入人類“非遺”名錄。

According to UNESCO, in China traditional tea processing techniques are closely associated with geographical location and natural environment, resulting in a distribution range between 18°-37° N and 94°-122° E.
據(jù)聯(lián)合國教科文組織稱，中國傳統(tǒng)的茶葉加工技術(shù)與地理位置和自然環(huán)境密切相關(guān)，中國茶區(qū)分布在北緯18°-37°，東經(jīng)94°-122°的范圍內(nèi)。

The techniques are mainly found in the provinces and autonomous regions of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi.
中國傳統(tǒng)制茶技藝主要集中于浙江、江蘇、江西、湖南、安徽、湖北、河南、陜西、云南、貴州、四川、福建、廣東和廣西等省份和自治區(qū)。

Associated social practices, however, are spread throughout the country and shared by multiple ethnic groups.
而相關(guān)習(xí)俗在全國各地廣泛流布，為多民族所共享。

Over 2,000 tea varieties, mainly in six categories -- green, black, yellow, oolong, white and dark -- are grown in China. Core skills include shaqing (enzyme inactivation), menhuang (yellowing), wodui (pealing), weidiao (withering), zuoqing (leaves shaking and cooling), fajiao (oxidation or fermentation) and yinzhi (scenting).
中國運用殺青、悶黃、渥堆、萎凋、做青、發(fā)酵、窨制等核心技藝，發(fā)展出綠茶、黑茶、黃茶、烏龍茶、白茶、紅茶六大茶類，2000多種茶品。

Tea-related customs are not only found across the country, but also influenced the rest of the world through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes.
茶文化相關(guān)習(xí)俗不僅遍布全國，而且通過古代絲綢之路等商道影響了世界其他地區(qū)。

As a document from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to UNESCO explained, tea is ubiquitous in Chinese people's daily life.
文旅部向聯(lián)合國教科文組織提交的一份文件稱，茶在中國人的日常生活中無處不在。

Steeped or boiled tea is served in homes, workplaces, tea houses, restaurants, temples and used as an important medium for communication in socializing and ceremonies such as weddings, apprentice-taking and sacrifices.
人們采用泡、煮等方式，在家庭、工作場所、茶館、餐廳和寺院等場所飲用茶。茶是社交領(lǐng)域以及婚禮、拜師、祭祀等儀式的重要組成部分。

"Practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships within families and among neighborhoods through tea-related activities are shared among multiple ethnic groups, and provide a sense of identity and continuity for communities, groups and individuals concerned," the document said.
該文件稱：“通過與茶相關(guān)的活動，招待客人并在家庭內(nèi)部和鄰里之間建立關(guān)系的做法，在許多民族中常見，為人們提供一種共同的認同感和連續(xù)性?！?/p>

In China, 44 registered national-level intangible cultural heritage entries are related to tea.
“中國傳統(tǒng)制茶技藝及其相關(guān)習(xí)俗”相關(guān)44個項目已先后列入國家級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表性項目名錄。

There are over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities in China that have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, resulting in over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year, according to the ministry.
根據(jù)教育部數(shù)據(jù)，中國有40多所中職和80多所高等院校開設(shè)茶學(xué)和茶文化專業(yè)，每年培養(yǎng)制茶、茶藝等專門人才3000多人。

The inscription of the element is the 43rd entry from China on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, whose total tops all other countries.
我國共有43個項目列入聯(lián)合國教科文組織非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄，居世界第一。

> Half of free-range poultry have been culled because of bird flu in the UK
英國禽流感致散養(yǎng)禽類被大量撲殺

In the United Kingdom, half of free-range turkeys and geese produced for Christmas have been culled or have died because of the bird flu, according to the British Poultry Council.
根據(jù)英國家禽協(xié)會的數(shù)據(jù)，英國為圣誕節(jié)飼養(yǎng)的散養(yǎng)火雞和鵝因為禽流感已近半被撲殺或死亡。

Around 600,000 of the 1.2 million to 1.3 million free-range turkeys and geese grown for Christmas have been lost. While there could be a shortage of free-range Christmas poultry, there are no issues with supplies of other birds.
為圣誕飼養(yǎng)的120萬至130萬只散養(yǎng)火雞和鵝已損失約60萬只。雖然圣誕散養(yǎng)禽肉可能短缺，但其他禽類的供應(yīng)尚無影響。

Of the approximately 11 million turkeys produced annually in the UK, 1.6 million have died from bird flu or had to be culled.
英國每年生產(chǎn)大約1100萬只火雞，其中有166萬只死于禽流感或不得不被撲殺。

For more than a year, Britain has been affected by bird flu, with nearly 140 cases reported since the beginning of October.
一年多以來，英國持續(xù)受到禽流感影響，10月以來報告了近140例。

Britain is also currently facing egg shortages and rationing that is expected to last beyond Christmas.
英國目前仍然面臨雞蛋供給短缺和限購，預(yù)計這種情況將持續(xù)到圣誕節(jié)之后。

According to the British Free Range Egg Producers' Association, 750,000 laying hens have faced, bird flu-related culling since the beginning of October, compared to 1.8 million last year.
根據(jù)英國散養(yǎng)蛋生產(chǎn)者協(xié)會的數(shù)據(jù)，自10月以來，已有75萬只蛋雞面臨禽流感相關(guān)的撲殺，而去年這一數(shù)字為180萬只。

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