近日，中國氣象局氣候變化中心公布了“2021年度氣候變化十大科學(xué)事件”評(píng)選結(jié)果。

Organized by the China's National Climate Center (NCC), academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, members of the National Climate Change Expert Committee, and other well-known experts selected the 10 events.

中國氣象局氣候變化中心在組織專家初步遴選的基礎(chǔ)上，邀請(qǐng)中國科學(xué)院和中國工程院兩院院士、國家氣候變化專家委員會(huì)委員、國內(nèi)氣候變化領(lǐng)域知名專家，對(duì)候選事件進(jìn)行了評(píng)選。

最終評(píng)選出的“2021年度氣候變化十大科學(xué)事件”（top 10 scientific events related to climate change in 2021）包括：

1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the report "Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis," pointing out unprecedented changes in the climate

1.聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(huì)發(fā)布AR6 WGI評(píng)估報(bào)告《氣候變化2021：自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)》，指出許多觀測到的變化前所未有

According to the report, many of the changes observed in the climate are unprecedented in thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of years, and some of the changes already set in motion — such as continued sea level rise — are irreversible over hundreds to thousands of years.

報(bào)告指出，科學(xué)家們觀測到的許多變化為幾千年來甚至幾十萬年來前所未有，一些如海平面持續(xù)上升等已經(jīng)開始的變化在數(shù)百到數(shù)千年內(nèi)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。

2. The Glasgow Climate Pact was adopted, emphasizing the importance of science for effective climate action

2.格拉斯哥氣候變化大會(huì)達(dá)成《格拉斯哥氣候協(xié)議》，強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化政策制定中的重要性

The document takes "science and urgency" as its first section, emphasizing the importance of the best available science for effective climate action and policymaking.

《格拉斯哥氣候協(xié)議》將科學(xué)作為第一部分，指出現(xiàn)有最佳科學(xué)對(duì)有效氣候行動(dòng)和政策制定的重要性，從科學(xué)的角度強(qiáng)調(diào)了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的緊迫性。

3. Climate scientists awarded 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics

3. 氣候?qū)W家獲2021年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

The 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to American Japanese meteorologist Syukuro Manabe, German scientist Klaus Wassermann, and Italian theoretical physicist Giorgio Parisi.

2021年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予美籍日裔氣象學(xué)家真鍋淑郎、德國海洋學(xué)和氣象學(xué)家克勞斯·哈塞爾曼和意大利物理學(xué)家喬治·帕里西。

大氣與海洋科學(xué)(atmospheric and oceanic Science)領(lǐng)域首獲物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)(Nobel Prize for Physics)，必將進(jìn)一步引起國際社會(huì)對(duì)全球變暖（global warming）問題的關(guān)注。

4. The WHO launched a special report on climate change and health, prioritizing climate actions with the largest health gains

4.世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)布《氣候變化與健康特別報(bào)告》，建議優(yōu)先考慮具有最大健康效益的氣候政策

報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)前所未有的極端天氣事件（extreme weather events）和其他氣候變化事件（events related to climate change）正對(duì)人類生命和健康造成越來越大的損害，各國必須大力作出應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的承諾，在新冠肺炎疫情后實(shí)現(xiàn)有益健康的綠色復(fù)蘇（green recovery）。

5. The Chinese government worked with the sci-tech community to achieve carbon peak and neutrality targets, issuing important reports on climate change

5.中國政府和科技界合力推進(jìn)碳達(dá)峰和碳中和，氣候變化白皮書、藍(lán)皮書和綠皮書相繼發(fā)布

6. Climate change has increased extreme weather events; record-shattering heat waves will become far more likely; and tropical cyclones may occur over a wider range of latitudes

6.氣候變化造成極端事件頻發(fā)，破紀(jì)錄熱浪的發(fā)生概率增加,熱帶氣旋將可能向中緯度地區(qū)擴(kuò)展

7. Major Atlantic Ocean current system may be approaching critical threshold

7.大西洋洋流系統(tǒng)可能正在接近氣候臨界點(diǎn)

A study conducted as part of the European TiPES project, coordinated by the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Germany, suggested that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) may have been losing stability in the course of the last century.

2021年丹麥哥本哈根大學(xué)和德國波茨坦氣候影響研究所的一項(xiàng)研究指出，大西洋經(jīng)向翻轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)流在20世紀(jì)可能已經(jīng)失去穩(wěn)定性。

The AMOC transports warm water from the tropics northward at the ocean surface and cold water southward at the ocean floor, which is particularly relevant for the relatively mild temperatures in Europe.

大西洋經(jīng)向翻轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)流將熱帶地區(qū)的暖水向北輸送到海洋表面，將冷水向南輸送到海洋底部，與歐洲相對(duì)溫和的溫度聯(lián)系密切。

It has previously been shown that the AMOC is currently at its weakest in more than 1,000 years.

研究表明，目前大西洋經(jīng)向翻轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)流處于1000多年來的最弱狀態(tài)。

Influence of the AMOC on weather systems worldwide means that a potential collapse of the ocean current system could have severe consequences.

大西洋經(jīng)向翻轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)流影響全球天氣系統(tǒng)，它的潛在崩潰可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果。

8. China established greenhouse gas observation network

8.中國氣象局建成我國首個(gè)國家溫室氣體觀測網(wǎng)

Among the elements under observation are seven types of greenhouse gases specified in the Kyoto Protocol, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

其觀測要素涵蓋《京都議定書》中規(guī)定的CO2、CH4、N2O等 7類溫室氣體。

9. Delivering on long-term net zero emission targets would result in a temperature increase of about 1.8 degrees Celsius by the end of the century

9.各國最新氣候承諾將使21世紀(jì)末全球溫升降低到1.8℃

Last December, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre published a report titled "Global Energy and Climate Outlook (GECO) 2021: Advancing Towards Climate Neutrality." The document takes stock of recent updates to national climate targets taking into account nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and national long-term net zero strategies (LTS).

2021年12月，歐盟委員會(huì)聯(lián)合研究中心發(fā)布了《2021年全球能源與氣候展望：邁向氣候中和》的報(bào)告，評(píng)估了更新的國家自主貢獻(xiàn)和長期凈零排放目標(biāo)對(duì)溫升水平的影響。

Delivering on long-term net zero emission targets would result in a temperature increase of around 1.8 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. However, strong policy action is needed, as the report states that current policies may lead to a temperature increase of more than 3 degrees Celsius. In the NDC-LTS pathway, emissions would peak around 2023 and then stabilize by mid-century, while current policies are only sufficient to stabilize global emissions by 2035-2040, according to the GECO 2021.

報(bào)告指出,目前的政策背景下到2100年全球溫升幅度會(huì)超過3 ℃，而實(shí)現(xiàn)長期凈零排放目標(biāo)則可使到2100年全球溫升幅度降低至1.8℃。在當(dāng)前的政策背景下，全球溫室氣體排放量將到2040年左右達(dá)到峰值，而在長期凈零排放路徑下，全球溫室氣體排放量將在2023年左右達(dá)到峰值，并在21世紀(jì)中葉穩(wěn)定下來。

10. Global fossil CO2 emissions rebounded close to pre-COVID-19 levels

10.2021年全球二氧化碳排放大幅反彈，化石燃料CO2排放量幾乎已恢復(fù)到疫情暴發(fā)前水平

【相關(guān)詞匯】

全球變暖 global warming

氣候變化 climate change

海洋學(xué)家 oceanographer

海平面上升 sea level rise

洋流 ocean current

參考來源：人民網(wǎng)、中國網(wǎng)

編輯：Kirsten