新突破!中國科學(xué)家誘導(dǎo)出“最年輕”人類全能干細胞 Chinese scientists, int'l counterparts breed youngest human cells in vitro
中國日報網(wǎng) 2022-03-23 17:05
近日,來自中國科學(xué)院、深圳華大生命科學(xué)研究院等研究團隊,通過體細胞誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)出了類似受精卵發(fā)育3天狀態(tài)的人類全能干細胞。這是繼科學(xué)家成功誘導(dǎo)出人類多能干細胞后,再生醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的又一重大突破。
An international team led by Chinese scientists has successfully produced the youngest human cells in vitro, which may pave the way for advances in organ regeneration.
一個由中國科學(xué)家領(lǐng)銜的國際研究團隊成功在體外培養(yǎng)出全球“最年輕”的人類細胞,該成果將助力實現(xiàn)未來人體器官的體外再生。
The study published Tuesday in the journal Nature announced the discovery of a rapid, controllable method to convert stem cells into bona fide 8-cell embryo-like cells, without relying on genetic engineering.
研究者們開發(fā)了一種非轉(zhuǎn)基因、快速且可控的方法,能夠?qū)⑷说母杉毎D(zhuǎn)化為全能性的8細胞期胚胎樣細胞。相關(guān)研究成果于北京時間3月22日凌晨在國際學(xué)術(shù)期刊《自然》(Nature)上發(fā)表。
【知識點】
2012年,諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine)授予了日本科學(xué)家山中伸彌(Shinya Yamanaka)和英國發(fā)育生物學(xué)家(developmental biologist)約翰·格登(John Gurdon)。前者是誘導(dǎo)多功能干細胞(induced pluripotent stem cells, iPS)技術(shù)開發(fā)者之一,后者則在細胞核移植(nuclear transplantation)方面進行了開創(chuàng)性的研究。這些研究免除了科學(xué)家使用人體胚胎(human embryos)提取干細胞的倫理道德制約(ethical constraints),從而使與干細胞(stem cells)有關(guān)的疾病研究能更進一步。與此同時,將成熟的體細胞重編程(reprogramming),“倒推”到更加多能(pluripotent)甚至全能(totipotent)的狀態(tài),這仍然是科學(xué)界的長期追求。
A team of researchers from China, Britain and Bangladesh converted pluripotent stem cells, or an "adult" version of early embryonic cells, back to a more "juvenile" version of cells with developmental potential, tantamount to fertilized eggs in their Day 3 developmental stage.
由中國、英國和孟加拉國的科學(xué)家組成的研究團隊將人類多能干細胞,即“成年”版本的早期胚胎細胞,轉(zhuǎn)化成具有發(fā)育潛力的、更“年輕”的干細胞 ,即相當(dāng)于受精卵發(fā)育3天狀態(tài)的全能干細胞。
Totipotent 8-cell stage embryo-like cells recreate the embryonic state of a fertilized egg after only three divisions, making them the youngest human cells acquired in vitro ever known, said Li Wenjuan, from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who is one of the corresponding authors of the paper.
中國科學(xué)院廣州生物醫(yī)藥與健康研究院的李文娟博士表示,這些全能性的8細胞期胚胎樣細胞重建了受精卵僅分裂3次后的胚胎狀態(tài),這是迄今為止在體外誘導(dǎo)獲得的“最年輕”的人類細胞。
Cells described as "totipotent" mean that they have the potential to create all types of cells within embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues, according to the researchers.
據(jù)介紹,全能性細胞意味著它們有潛力分化出胚胎和胚胎外組織中所有類型的細胞。
"These cells can not only differentiate into placental tissue but also potentially develop into more mature organs," Li said.
李文娟博士說,這種細胞可以分化為胎盤組織,并可能發(fā)育為更成熟的各類身體組織。
Ethical review had given clearance to the relevant study.
該研究已通過倫理審查。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
胚胎組織 placental tissue
多能干細胞 pluripotent stem cell
基因工程 genetic engineering
倫理審查 ethical review
參考來源:新華社
編輯:Kirsten