每日一詞∣增值稅留抵退稅 value-added tax (VAT) credit refund
中國日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2022-03-22 17:05
國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)3月21日主持召開國務(wù)院常務(wù)會(huì)議,確定實(shí)施大規(guī)模增值稅留抵退稅的政策安排,為穩(wěn)定宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)大盤提供強(qiáng)力支撐。
China will implement value-added tax (VAT) credit refund on a large scale, as part of effort to sustain stable macroeconomic performance, the State Council's executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Keqiang decided on March 21.
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
增值稅是中國第一大稅種。增值稅當(dāng)期應(yīng)納稅額,等于當(dāng)期銷項(xiàng)稅額減去當(dāng)期進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額。在現(xiàn)行增值稅制度下,如果一家企業(yè)納稅期內(nèi)的增值稅銷項(xiàng)稅額小于進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額,就會(huì)形成留抵稅額。留抵稅額主要是納稅人進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額和銷項(xiàng)稅額在時(shí)間上不一致造成的,如集中采購原材料和存貨,尚未全部實(shí)現(xiàn)銷售;投資期間沒有收入等。此外,在多檔稅率并存的情況下,銷售適用稅率低于進(jìn)項(xiàng)適用稅率,也會(huì)形成留抵稅額。
留抵退稅就是把增值稅期末未抵扣完的稅額退還給納稅人。國際上對(duì)于留抵稅額一般有兩種處理方式:一是允許納稅人結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)下期繼續(xù)抵扣或申請(qǐng)當(dāng)期退還。允許退還的國家或地區(qū),也會(huì)相應(yīng)設(shè)置較為嚴(yán)格的退稅條件,如留抵稅額必須達(dá)到一定數(shù)額。二是每年或一段時(shí)期內(nèi)只能申請(qǐng)一次退稅;只允許特定行業(yè)申請(qǐng)退稅等。
2019年以來,我國逐步建立了增值稅增量留抵退稅制度。增值稅留抵退稅制度不斷優(yōu)化,為支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)揮著重要作用。國家稅務(wù)總局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)顯示,2021年已辦理制造業(yè)增值稅留抵退稅1322億元,惠及3.1萬戶企業(yè)。根據(jù)政策安排,今年增值稅留抵退稅規(guī)模約1.5萬億元,這是堅(jiān)持“兩個(gè)毫不動(dòng)搖”、對(duì)各類市場(chǎng)主體直接高效的紓困措施,是穩(wěn)增長穩(wěn)市場(chǎng)主體保就業(yè)的關(guān)鍵舉措,也是涵養(yǎng)稅源、大力改進(jìn)增值稅制度的改革。
【重要講話】
繼續(xù)減稅降費(fèi)、減租降息,確保各項(xiàng)紓困措施直達(dá)基層、直接惠及市場(chǎng)主體。
More work should be done in tax and fee cuts, as well as the reduction of rents and interest rates, to ensure relief policies reach the primary level and benefit market entities directly.
—2020年7月21日,習(xí)近平主持召開企業(yè)家座談會(huì)并發(fā)表重要講話
減輕企業(yè)稅費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)。推進(jìn)增值稅等實(shí)質(zhì)性減稅,對(duì)小微企業(yè)、科技型初創(chuàng)企業(yè)可以實(shí)施普惠性稅收免除,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況降低社保繳費(fèi)名義費(fèi)率。
The burden of taxes and fees on the companies should be eased. Substantial tax cuts including the reduction of value-added taxes should be advanced, while tax exemptions can be provided for micro and small firms as well as technology startups. The nominal rates for social security contributions should be lowered in accordance with actual conditions.
—2018年11月1日,習(xí)近平在京主持召開民營企業(yè)座談會(huì)并發(fā)表重要講話
【相關(guān)詞匯】
個(gè)體工商戶
self-employed household
市縣基層政府
prefecture- and county-level government
國庫管理
state coffer management