日前，第四期中國婦女社會地位調(diào)查領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室召開工作交流會，發(fā)布主要數(shù)據(jù)情況。

China has created a better social environment for women's individual overall development and achieved wider recognition of gender equality in the past decade, said the survey.
調(diào)查顯示，近十年來，我國促進(jìn)婦女全面發(fā)展的社會環(huán)境進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，對男女平等的認(rèn)同也更加廣泛。

【知識點】

第四期中國婦女社會地位調(diào)查（the Survey on Social Status of Women in China）是繼1990年、2000年、2010年三期中國婦女社會地位調(diào)查后，由全國婦聯(lián)（the All-China Women's Federation）和國家統(tǒng)計局（ the National Bureau of Statistics）聯(lián)合組織實施的又一次全國規(guī)模的重要國情、婦情調(diào)查。調(diào)查內(nèi)容包括教育、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會保障、參政、婚姻家庭、健康、生活方式、法律認(rèn)知與人權(quán)、性別觀念與態(tài)度等領(lǐng)域。

本期調(diào)查主要結(jié)果包括：

In the past decade, women in China have participated extensively in economic and social development. More sectors have opened employment to women and they can perform at nearly the same level as men in economic and social development.
近十年來，女性廣泛參與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展，就業(yè)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)一步拓展，和男性一道比肩走進(jìn)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的舞臺中央。

女性就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化

Compared with 2010, a smaller proportion of women work in primary industries. Instead, more women chose secondary industries and tertiary industries.
與2010年相比，女性在第一產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)的比例有所下降，在第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)的比例均有提高。

【知識點】

第一產(chǎn)業(yè)（primary industries）是指農(nóng)、林、牧、漁業(yè)（agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery，不含農(nóng)、林、牧、漁服務(wù)業(yè)）。第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（secondary industries）是指采礦業(yè)（mining，不含開采輔助活動），制造業(yè)（manufacturing，不含金屬制品、機械和設(shè)備修理業(yè)），電力、熱力、燃?xì)饧八a(chǎn)和供應(yīng)業(yè)，建筑業(yè)。第三產(chǎn)業(yè)（tertiary industries）即服務(wù)業(yè)（services），是指除第一產(chǎn)業(yè)、第二產(chǎn)業(yè)以外的其他行業(yè)。

About 39.5 percent of women from rural areas found jobs outside agricultural fields, an increase of 15.4 percentage points over 2010, the survey said.
農(nóng)村在業(yè)女性中，非農(nóng)就業(yè)比例為39.5%，比2010年提高15.4個百分點。

公眾法治意識和性別平等觀念增強

More than 70 percent of respondents said they know it is illegal for companies not to allow female employees to get pregnant within certain years. More than 60 percent said they know it is also illegal for companies not to hire or promote women due to gender discrimination or to pay female workers differently from their male counterparts for the same amount of work.
認(rèn)為“要求女職工工作幾年內(nèi)不能生孩子”屬于違法行為的比例超過70%，認(rèn)為“因性別而不被錄用或晉升”“男女同工不同酬”屬于違法行為的比例超過60%。

女性受教育年限明顯增長

This survey showed that women aged 18 to 24 receive 12.81 years of education on average, an increase of 1.85 years compared with 2010, and 0.81 years more than men of the same age group on average over the past decade. Meanwhile, more than 97 percent of the women in the age group like to follow national and international news.
18-24歲女性的平均受教育年限為12.81年，比2010年增長1.85年，比同年齡段男性高0.81年。18-24歲女性關(guān)注國內(nèi)外重大事務(wù)的比例超過97%。

女性承擔(dān)家庭照料主要責(zé)任

On average, women spend 136 minutes a day taking care of children and other family members. For married women, the average time for daily household chores is 120 minutes.
女性平均每天用于照料/輔導(dǎo)/接送孩子和照料老人/病人等家人的時間為136分鐘。已婚女性平均每天家務(wù)勞動時間為120分鐘。

總體來說，94%左右的被訪者認(rèn)同“女人的能力不比男人差（women are as capable as their male peers）”的說法，以及“婦女在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了半邊天作用（women can "hold up half of the sky" in social and economic development）”。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

性別平等 gender equality
女性權(quán)益 women's rights
婦女賦權(quán) women's empowerment
性別收入差距 gender pay gap
性別刻板印象 gender stereotype

參考來源：中國日報、中國婦女報

編輯：Helen