“煤氣燈效應(yīng)”上熱搜,這幾種有毒的“情感關(guān)系”也要注意了…… Gaslighting is the modern dating trend could leave you damaged
China Daily 2021-12-25 08:00
近日,“煤氣燈效應(yīng)”(the Gaslight Effect)再次進入公眾視野并登上熱搜,引發(fā)網(wǎng)友廣泛關(guān)注。那么,什么是“煤氣燈效應(yīng)”?
以“愛”之名進行情緒控制
在心理學(xué)中,通過“扭曲受害者眼中的真實”來對對方進行情緒控制的操縱行為,被稱為“煤氣燈操縱法” 。
而“煤氣燈效應(yīng)”的概念,源自帕特里克·漢密爾頓1938年創(chuàng)作的劇本。1944年,改編自該劇本的經(jīng)典黑色懸疑片《煤氣燈下》(Gaslight)問世。影片講述了丈夫為了謀取妻子的財產(chǎn),千方百計把妻子逼瘋的故事。
劇中,妻子看到了微弱的煤氣燈光,丈夫卻一直否認(rèn),說她看錯了。妻子單純地愛著丈夫,對其深信不疑,久而久之就確信自己真的哪里出了毛病。
美國心理學(xué)家Robin Stern受到電影的啟發(fā),結(jié)合20年的臨床經(jīng)驗,寫出了轟動一時的書——《煤氣燈效應(yīng):遠(yuǎn)離情感暴力和操縱狂》。
US-based author of The Gaslight Effect, Dr Robin Stern, outlined the insidious nature of gaslighting, writing: "It's a form of emotional abuse and manipulation that is difficult to recognize and even harder to break free from."
《煤氣燈效應(yīng)》的美國作者Robin Stern博士指出了“煤氣燈”的陰險本質(zhì):“這是一種難以識別的情感虐待和操縱,甚至更難以擺脫?!?br>
后來,“煤氣燈效應(yīng)”就被廣泛的用于指代這種情感虐待(emotional abuse)。
在親密伴侶關(guān)系中,這種效應(yīng)的表現(xiàn)方式較為隱秘而微妙(imperceptible and subtle)。比如,操控者會常說“你神經(jīng)過敏”,“是你太敏感了”,“你一定記錯了”……
The term describes a type of emotional abuse, and unlike other forms, is difficult to recognise because it distorts a person's sense of reality.
這個詞描述的是一種情感虐待,和其它虐待形式不同,這種情感虐待很難識別,因為它扭曲了一個人對現(xiàn)實的認(rèn)知。
一方面,不斷否定你的一切;另一方面,強調(diào)這是愛。身處在一段“煤氣燈效應(yīng)”作怪的關(guān)系中,會給人帶來非常大的負(fù)面影響。
據(jù)《每日郵報》,“煤氣燈效應(yīng)”甚至?xí)?dǎo)致嚴(yán)重抑郁。
At its mildest, gaslighting leaves women uneasy, wondering why they always seem to end up in the wrong.
“煤氣燈效應(yīng)”輕則令女性感到不安,奇怪自己為什么總是做錯。
At it's worst, gaslighting leads to major depression, with formerly strong, vibrant women reduced to abject misery and self-hatred.
重則導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重抑郁,使得原本強大活潑的女性變得自憐自艾并且自我憎恨。
據(jù)央視新聞,心理學(xué)家彭凱平分析,被精神操縱的受害者會經(jīng)歷三個階段:①自我懷疑;②深度依賴;③自暴自棄。最終被“洗腦”,無法逃脫。
警惕有毒的情感關(guān)系
一段好的感情可以讓人擁有好心情,彼此成就。而一段消極的戀情,則會讓人悲觀、甚至抑郁。因此,在一段情感關(guān)系中,如果出現(xiàn)了以下特點就要提高警惕了。
Ghosting
神秘消失
It can happen when you've met up a few times, or even after things get serious - but constitutes when someone literally removes you from their life, without warning.
這種情況多見于你們見過幾次面,甚至關(guān)系變得更認(rèn)真的時候,你卻突然被對方從生活中移除了,毫無征兆。
Slow Fade
逐漸隱匿
This is where someone gradually backs away from a potential relationship, but doesn't cut all ties immediately.
在這種情況下,對方會逐漸放棄一段潛在的關(guān)系,但不會立即斷絕所有的聯(lián)系。
Breadcrumbing
撒面包屑
This is when someone leaves a trail of small but flirtatious messages for a potential date, with no intention of meeting.
這種情況是指某人給潛在的約會對象發(fā)了一串短卻撩的信息,但沒有任何要見面的意思。
Taking its name from the classic tale of Hansel and Gretel, breadcrumbing involves leading someone on with a trail of flirtatious messages but never following through.
面包屑這個名字源于經(jīng)典童話故事《韓塞爾與葛雷特》(Hansel and Gretel),這里指的是一方用一系列曖昧信息讓另一方產(chǎn)生戀愛錯覺,但是從不進行后續(xù)發(fā)展。
Benching
備胎
Before couples have 'the talk' and define their relationship - also known by the acronym 'DTR' - either party is at risk of being 'benched'.
在雙方挑明、確定關(guān)系之前(DTR),雙方都可能是對方的“備胎”。
This happens when one person is unsure of their future with their current partner and so puts them on the 'bench' - as with sports team reserves - and looks at other options. If nothing better comes along, they might come back into play.
當(dāng)一個人不確定要和目前的伴侶共度未來時,可能就會去尋找新目標(biāo),而將現(xiàn)任視為“備胎”,仿佛是體育隊伍里的候補隊員。而如果沒有更好的選擇,他們還是會回歸現(xiàn)狀。
Zombie-ing
僵尸回歸
This is when someone has already ghosted his or her way out of a relationship - but then tries to come back.
某人已經(jīng)放棄這段關(guān)系,卻又想吃回頭草。
Social media has also opened up a new playing field for zombies, who can now 'like', 'comment' or 'follow' their way back onto their target's radar.
社交媒體也給這些要吃回頭草的人打開了新世界的大門,他們可以通過“點贊”、“評論”和“關(guān)注”重回對方視線。
Layby
路邊停車
'Layby' refers to someone who is in a relationship but looking to get out. Instead of risking a period of singleness when it eventually ends, a layby starts laying the groundwork with other women or men who they might want to date next.
“路邊停車”指的是對方雖然還在跟你談戀愛,但是已經(jīng)在想著分手了。這種人在分手以后不會有空窗期,因為他們已經(jīng)想好了下一個可能的約會對象,并且為此著手準(zhǔn)備了。
Those being pursued by a layby should be wary as he or she might well have a number of 'next' options lined up - not to mention the fact that they are not technically single.
要是被這種人追求,你可就要當(dāng)心了,因為對方很有可能同時追求很多人,更別說其可能還沒真正單身。
Catch and release
追到就跑
On the other end of the spectrum is the dater who practises the 'catch and release'.
另一種極品約會者就是那些一追到手就把對方甩了的人。
This is a move favoured by those who enjoys the 'chase' part of a relationship, the first flirtations before any commitments are made.
有的人在一段關(guān)系中最享受“追逐”的體驗,也就是在作出任何實質(zhì)性承諾之前的曖昧調(diào)情。
真正的愛,是建立在尊重與平等之上的,任何以愛之名給予的情感暴力和精神控制都需要警惕。
編輯:李金昳 左卓
來源:央視新聞,每日郵報,NBC News, Healthy Place