12月16日，教育部等九部門發(fā)布《“十四五”學(xué)前教育發(fā)展提升行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱“學(xué)前提升計(jì)劃”）和《“十四五”縣域普通高中發(fā)展提升行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱“縣中提升計(jì)劃”）。

2025年普惠性幼兒園覆蓋率將超85%

The gross enrollment ratio of preschools — which covers the first three years of schooling before elementary school — is expected to exceed 90 percent, while over 85 percent of kindergartens will become more affordable by 2025, with more than half preschoolers attending government-subsidized kindergartens, the plan said.
“學(xué)前提升計(jì)劃”提出，到2025年，全國(guó)學(xué)前三年毛入園率達(dá)到90%以上，普惠性幼兒園覆蓋率達(dá)到85%以上，公辦園在園幼兒占比達(dá)到50%以上。

【詞匯講解】

這里的“毛入學(xué)率”（gross enrollment ratio）指該學(xué)段的學(xué)生總數(shù)在對(duì)應(yīng)的適齡人口中的占比，而與其相對(duì)的“凈入學(xué)率”（net enrollment ratio）則是指該學(xué)段適齡的學(xué)生總數(shù)在對(duì)應(yīng)的適齡人口中的占比。舉個(gè)例子，假設(shè)學(xué)前教育學(xué)段的適齡人口限定為4到6歲，但是很多幼兒園也會(huì)招收4歲以下的兒童，因此，幼兒園的毛入學(xué)率就是所有幼兒園兒童總數(shù)在全國(guó)4到6歲人口中的占比，而幼兒園的凈入學(xué)率則是所有幼兒園中4到6歲兒童總數(shù)在全國(guó)4到6歲人口中的占比。

A new batch of government-subsidized kindergartens will be built in villages, urban areas with concentrated populations, and former poverty-stricken areas.
新建改擴(kuò)建一批公辦幼兒園，支持人口集中流入地、農(nóng)村地區(qū)和原集中連片特困地區(qū)縣等地區(qū)普及學(xué)前教育。

Local authorities are urged to estimate enrollment needs every year to better make plans, it said.
優(yōu)化普惠性資源布局，逐年做好入園需求測(cè)算。

Local authorities are urged to build more government-subsidized kindergartens run by public institutions, communities and SOEs and facilitate private kindergartens to provide affordable preschool education for families with financial difficulties.
鼓勵(lì)支持政府機(jī)關(guān)、國(guó)有企事業(yè)單位、街道等舉辦公辦幼兒園，積極扶持民辦園提供普惠性服務(wù)。

Salaries, benefits and teaching materials for kindergarten teachers will also be improved, it added, and kindergartens should strengthen school security and regulations.
落實(shí)幼兒園教師工資待遇保障，加強(qiáng)幼兒園安全及規(guī)范管理。

縣域普通高中將全面消除56人及以上大班額

The action plan to improve county-level high school education aims to increase the gross enrollment rate to at least 92 percent by 2025, as these schools account for half the total number of high schools in China.
“縣中提升計(jì)劃”總體目標(biāo)是，到2025年，推動(dòng)全國(guó)高中階段教育毛入學(xué)率達(dá)到92%以上?？h辦普通高中在全國(guó)普通高中學(xué)校中的占比達(dá)到一半。

The plan has strictly forbidden cross-regional enrollment of high-performing students and has asked city governments to establish a unified online enrollment platform.
堅(jiān)決杜絕違規(guī)跨區(qū)域掐尖招生，全面建立地市級(jí)高中階段學(xué)校統(tǒng)一招生錄取網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)。

The plan also said city-level high schools must not poach outstanding principals and teachers from county-level high schools or those from less-developed regions.
嚴(yán)禁發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、城區(qū)學(xué)校到薄弱地區(qū)、縣中搶挖優(yōu)秀校長(zhǎng)和教師。

【詞匯講解】

這里的poach表達(dá)的意思是“to attract (someone, such as an employee or customer) away from a competitor”，即“從競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手那里挖人”，比如：One of their best managers was poached by another company.（他們最好的一個(gè)經(jīng)理被別的公司挖走了）；此外，poach還經(jīng)常用來表示“to catch and kill animals illegally”，即“盜獵”，“違法盜獵分子”就是poachers。

Additionally, it urged county-level high schools to better control class size, limiting classes to no more than 56 students, and new schools should have no more than 3,000 students and personnel, it added.
加大消除普通高中大班額專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃實(shí)施力度，全面消除56人及以上大班額，新建普通高中規(guī)模不得超過3000人。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

基礎(chǔ)教育綜合改革實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū) pilot zones for comprehensive reform of basic education

“雙減” ease the burden of excessive homework and off-campus tutoring for students undergoing compulsory education

高質(zhì)量教育體系 high-quality education system

現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系 modern vocational education system

優(yōu)師計(jì)劃 targeted teacher training plan

城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育一體化發(fā)展 coordinated development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas

參考來源：央視新聞、中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)
編輯：Helen