五、豐富人類政治文明形態(tài)
V. A New Model of Democracy

民主是人類社會(huì)歷經(jīng)千百年探索形成的政治形態(tài)，在人類發(fā)展進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮了重要作用。但是，20世紀(jì)以來，在波濤洶涌的民主化大潮中，有的國(guó)家停滯不前，有的國(guó)家陷入動(dòng)蕩，有的國(guó)家分崩離析。當(dāng)今世界，既面臨“民主過?！薄懊裰鞒佟?，也面臨“民主赤字”“民主失色”。民主怎么了？民主還管用嗎？回答“民主之問”，廓清“民主迷思”，關(guān)乎世界和平發(fā)展，關(guān)乎人類文明未來。一些國(guó)家的民主化出現(xiàn)挫折甚至危機(jī)，并非民主本身之錯(cuò)，而是民主實(shí)踐出現(xiàn)了偏差。
Democracy is a political form that has taken shape over the course of thousands of years. It has played a significant role in human development. Since the onset of the 20th century, democracy has made little progress in some countries, and others have found themselves in a state of turmoil and even have split apart. Today's world is facing challenges of excessive democracy, democracy implemented in great haste, democratic deficit and fading democracy. What has happened to democracy? Does it still work? The answers to these questions will influence world peace and development and the future of all civilizations. There is nothing wrong with democracy per se. Some countries have encountered setbacks and crises in their quest for democracy only because their approach was wrong.

中國(guó)的民主經(jīng)歷了選擇、探索、實(shí)踐與發(fā)展的艱辛歷程。中國(guó)基于本國(guó)國(guó)情發(fā)展全過程人民民主，既有著鮮明的中國(guó)特色，也體現(xiàn)了全人類對(duì)民主的共同追求；既推動(dòng)了中國(guó)的發(fā)展與中華民族的復(fù)興，也豐富了人類政治文明形態(tài)。
In promoting democracy, China has undergone a difficult process of selection, experimentation, practice and development. China has created and developed whole-process people's democracy in line with its national conditions. This is a form of democracy with distinctive Chinese features which at the same time reflects humanity's universal desire for democracy. It has fueled the development of the country and driven the revitalization of the nation. It has contributed a new model to the international political spectrum.

（一）為人類民主事業(yè)發(fā)展探索新的路徑
1. Exploring New Paths to Democracy

一個(gè)國(guó)家在現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中，實(shí)現(xiàn)民主發(fā)展與政治穩(wěn)定、社會(huì)進(jìn)步的良性互動(dòng)，極其重要，也極為不易。
It is extremely important, yet also very difficult, for a country on the road to modernization to promote democracy while ensuring political stability and social progress.

中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化，沒有走西方老路，而是創(chuàng)造了中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化道路；沒有照搬照抄西方民主模式，而是創(chuàng)造了中國(guó)式民主。占世界人口近五分之一的14億多中國(guó)人民真正實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)家作主，享有廣泛權(quán)利和自由，提振了發(fā)展中國(guó)家發(fā)展民主的信心，為人類民主事業(yè)發(fā)展探索了新的路徑。這是中國(guó)對(duì)人類政治文明的重大貢獻(xiàn)，也是人類社會(huì)的巨大進(jìn)步。
China did not follow the established path of Western countries in its modernization drive. Similarly, China did not duplicate Western models of democracy, but created its own. Now, the entire Chinese population, almost one fifth of the world's total, enjoys extensive rights and freedoms. This is most encouraging to developing countries and greatly enhances their confidence in developing their own democracy. China's new approach to democracy represents a significant contribution to international politics and human progress.

人民當(dāng)家作主，是中國(guó)民主的初心。中國(guó)在發(fā)展民主的進(jìn)程中，也走過彎路，遇到過挫折，但始終堅(jiān)守初心，不動(dòng)搖、不偏移、不走樣。今天的中國(guó)，人民當(dāng)家作主的內(nèi)涵不斷豐富、渠道不斷拓寬、效能不斷提升，中國(guó)民主不斷向前推進(jìn)。
The original aspiration of China's democracy was to ensure the people's status as masters of the country. China's path to democracy has been rocky and tortuous. Nevertheless, the nation has remained unshaken in its determination to pursue democracy based on its original aspiration. In today's China, the goal of ensuring the people's status as masters of the country has grown richer in content, wider in channels, and greater in impact, driving democracy in China onward.

樹立正確的民主觀，并一以貫之地堅(jiān)持、發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新，是發(fā)展民主的首要，是實(shí)現(xiàn)民主的“總鑰匙”和“總開關(guān)”。真民主、好民主，要做到人民當(dāng)家作主，人民不僅有選舉、投票的權(quán)利，也有廣泛參與的權(quán)利；不僅能表達(dá)自己的意愿，也能有效實(shí)現(xiàn)；不僅推動(dòng)國(guó)家發(fā)展，也共享發(fā)展成果。
An accurate understanding and a determination to forge ahead are preconditions and the key for realizing, developing, and enriching democracy. A sound and genuine democracy must allow the people to become masters of the country. It must allow them to enjoy the right to stand for election, the right to vote, and the right to extensive participation. It must allow them the right to express their expectations and the right to have those expectations fulfilled. It must allow them the right to contribute to national development and the right to share the fruits of development.

（二）走符合國(guó)情的民主發(fā)展道路
2. Following the Most Suitable Path to Democracy

民主是多樣的，實(shí)現(xiàn)民主的道路并非只有一條。各國(guó)的歷史文化不同、現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情不同，民主的形式選擇必然不同。照搬照抄其他國(guó)家的民主模式，必然導(dǎo)致水土不服、弊病叢生，甚至陷入政治動(dòng)蕩、社會(huì)動(dòng)亂、人民流離失所。
Democracy is rich in form, and there are many ways to achieve it. Countries with different histories, cultures and national conditions may choose different forms of democracy. Blindly copying other models of democracy is a problematic endeavor – it risks creating cultural conflict, political volatility or even social turmoil and causing great pain to its people.

對(duì)中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)大國(guó)來說，選擇什么樣的民主發(fā)展道路至關(guān)重要。中國(guó)注重吸收借鑒人類政治文明一切有益成果，但絕不照抄照搬別國(guó)民主模式；歡迎一切有益的建議和善意的批評(píng)，但絕不接受“教師爺”般頤指氣使的說教。堅(jiān)持中國(guó)的民主按照中國(guó)的特點(diǎn)、中國(guó)的實(shí)際來設(shè)計(jì)和發(fā)展，堅(jiān)定不移走符合國(guó)情的民主發(fā)展之路，是中國(guó)民主發(fā)展的一條基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
It is of vital importance for China to choose a path to democracy suited to a vast country with a large population. China draws on each and every political achievement of other countries, but does not imitate any of their models of democracy. China welcomes all constructive suggestions and well-intentioned criticism, but rejects any form of overbearing lecture. China must devise the most suitable form of democracy in accordance with its characteristics and realities – a basic principle China adheres to for developing democracy.

中國(guó)發(fā)展民主，始終立足人口多、基礎(chǔ)弱、底子薄的基本國(guó)情，正確把握民主與發(fā)展的關(guān)系，始終把發(fā)展作為第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，以民主促進(jìn)國(guó)家發(fā)展、在國(guó)家發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)上推進(jìn)民主，不離開發(fā)展空談民主；始終傳承5000年中華文明，注重從中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化中汲取智慧和養(yǎng)分；始終準(zhǔn)確把握中國(guó)所處的歷史階段，緊密結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平推進(jìn)民主，積極穩(wěn)妥、穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)，不好高騖遠(yuǎn)，不急于求成，不犯顛覆性錯(cuò)誤；始終堅(jiān)持問題導(dǎo)向，不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、善于解決問題，每解決一個(gè)問題就把民主建設(shè)向前推進(jìn)一步，不斷推動(dòng)民主制度體系更加成熟、更加定型。
As a populous country long plagued by weak economic foundations, China strives to strike a balance between democracy and development. The priority always rests with development, which is facilitated by democracy and in turn boosts the development of democracy. China has never indulged in empty talk on democracy regardless of a country's development stage.

Always drawing wisdom and strength from its 5,000-year-old culture and fine traditions, and based on a correct understanding of its current development stage and its economic and social conditions, China has made active and prudent efforts to advance democracy. To avoid fatal errors, it never seeks unrealistic goals or over-extends itself in pursuit of quick success. Instead, it focuses on identifying and resolving each and every problem, and presses ahead with democracy step by step to make the system more mature and well-defined.

世界上不存在完全相同的政治制度，也不存在適用于一切國(guó)家的政治制度模式。各國(guó)應(yīng)根據(jù)自身特點(diǎn)選擇符合自身現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的民主形態(tài)，學(xué)習(xí)借鑒而不是照抄照搬。適合的就是最好的。只有扎根本國(guó)土壤、汲取充沛養(yǎng)分的民主，才能不斷發(fā)展完善，才最可靠也最管用。外部干涉和所謂的“民主改造”貽害無窮。中國(guó)不尋求輸出中國(guó)的“民主模式”，也絕不接受任何外部勢(shì)力企圖改變中國(guó)的制度模式。中國(guó)堅(jiān)定支持各國(guó)自主選擇本國(guó)的民主發(fā)展道路，反對(duì)外部勢(shì)力以“民主”為借口干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政。
There are no identical political systems in the world, neither is there a political model that fits all. Countries can borrow from the successful experience of others and develop forms of democracy suited to their own modernization process, but they should not simply duplicate other systems or models. The model that suits best is always the most appropriate. Only democracy rooted in a country's unique social environment has proven to be reliable and effective, and can thrive and progress. External interference and "democratic transformation" bring nothing but endless trouble. China never seeks to export the Chinese model of democracy, nor does it allow any external force to change the Chinese model under any circumstances. It firmly supports the independent choice by every country of its own path to democracy, and opposes any interference in others' internal affairs on the pretext of "bringing democracy".

（三）推動(dòng)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化
3. Promoting Democracy in International Relations

民主在一國(guó)內(nèi)體現(xiàn)為人民當(dāng)家作主，在國(guó)家間則體現(xiàn)為國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。一個(gè)國(guó)家的尊嚴(yán)應(yīng)該得到尊重，主權(quán)、安全和發(fā)展利益不應(yīng)受到侵犯。以自己的尺度評(píng)判他國(guó)，甚至通過顏色革命、使用武力迫使他國(guó)照搬自己的政治制度、民主模式，這是反民主的。
Democracy manifests itself in two dimensions: On a national level, it refers to the people's status as masters of their own country; on an international level, it refers to the democratic relations between nations.

A country's dignity should be respected, and its sovereignty, security and development interests are inviolable. To judge other countries by one's own yardstick, or force them to duplicate one's own political system or democratic model through color revolution or the threat of force are undemocratic in themselves.

中國(guó)是民主的忠實(shí)追求者、積極推動(dòng)者和模范實(shí)踐者，不但在本國(guó)積極發(fā)展人民民主，而且在國(guó)際上大力推動(dòng)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。面對(duì)世界百年未有之大變局，中國(guó)高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏的旗幟，提出構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，推動(dòng)建設(shè)相互尊重、公平正義、合作共贏的新型國(guó)際關(guān)系。面對(duì)全球范圍內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技等領(lǐng)域競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，中國(guó)不是把對(duì)方視為對(duì)手，而是視為伙伴；不是搞冷戰(zhàn)和對(duì)抗、控制和操縱，而是促進(jìn)交流合作、實(shí)現(xiàn)互利共贏。中國(guó)積極發(fā)展全球伙伴關(guān)系，構(gòu)建總體穩(wěn)定、均衡發(fā)展的大國(guó)關(guān)系框架，按照親誠(chéng)惠容理念和與鄰為善、以鄰為伴周邊外交方針深化同周邊國(guó)家關(guān)系，秉持正確義利觀和真實(shí)親誠(chéng)理念加強(qiáng)同發(fā)展中國(guó)家團(tuán)結(jié)合作。中國(guó)推動(dòng)共建“一帶一路”走深走實(shí)，與其他國(guó)家加強(qiáng)交流合作、共享發(fā)展機(jī)遇，“一帶一路”成為廣受歡迎的國(guó)際公共產(chǎn)品。
China is a faithful and exemplary actor in pursuing, exploring and practicing democracy. It endeavors to increase democracy both within its own territory and between nations. At a time of momentous change of a scale unseen in a century, China champions peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit. China proposes to build a global community of shared future, and presses for a new model of international relations based on mutual respect, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation. At a time of intense global competition in the economic, scientific, technological and other fields, China regards other countries as partners rather than rivals – it does not engage in cold war, confrontation, control or manipulation, but rather promotes mutually beneficial exchanges and cooperation.

China has actively developed global partnerships. It works to establish a framework of major-country relations that is generally stable and balanced. In developing relations with neighboring countries, it applies the principles of amity, sincerity, inclusiveness, mutual benefit, and the policy of promoting friendly and neighborly ties. In strengthening cooperation with other developing countries, China pursues the greater good and shared interests, and applies the principles of sincerity, affinity, good faith and real results. China has strengthened exchanges and cooperation with countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative and shared the gains with them, expanding the initiative into more regions and turning it into a well-received global public good.

當(dāng)今世界，民主平等、公平正義遠(yuǎn)未實(shí)現(xiàn)。少數(shù)國(guó)家漠視國(guó)際公理、踐踏國(guó)際準(zhǔn)則、違背國(guó)際民意，公然侵犯他國(guó)主權(quán)，干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政，動(dòng)輒以大欺小、恃強(qiáng)凌弱，把“地球村”變成弱肉強(qiáng)食的原始叢林。面對(duì)充滿挑戰(zhàn)的世界，各國(guó)應(yīng)大力弘揚(yáng)民主精神，不論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富，在國(guó)際關(guān)系中一律平等。大國(guó)要有大國(guó)的樣子，要以人類前途命運(yùn)為要，對(duì)世界和平與發(fā)展擔(dān)負(fù)更大責(zé)任，而不是依仗實(shí)力搞唯我獨(dú)尊、霸凌霸道。世界的命運(yùn)應(yīng)由各國(guó)人民共同掌握，國(guó)際規(guī)則應(yīng)由各國(guó)共同制定，全球事務(wù)應(yīng)由各國(guó)共同治理，發(fā)展成果應(yīng)由各國(guó)共同分享。
The present world is far from fair and just, equal and democratic. A small number of countries ignore international law, flout international justice, disdain international public opinion, flagrantly infringe upon the sovereignty of other countries, and interfere with others' internal affairs. They frequently abuse and dictate to smaller and weaker countries, turning the "global village" into a primeval jungle where the strong prey on the weak. In a world confronted by challenges, all countries, large or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equals, and should uphold the principle of democracy in international relations. Powerful countries should behave as befits their status, make the future of humanity their priority, and shoulder greater responsibility for world peace and development, rather than wielding their power in pursuit of supremacy or hegemony. The future of the world should rest in the hands of all peoples of the world. International rules should be made by all countries, global affairs should be governed by all parties, and the fruits of development should be shared by all.

（四）加強(qiáng)文明交流互鑒
4. Increasing Exchanges and Mutual Learning Between Civilizations

實(shí)現(xiàn)民主有多種方式，不可能千篇一律。人類民主事業(yè)的真正阻礙，不是民主模式的差異，而是對(duì)他國(guó)民主探索的傲慢、偏見和敵視，是把本國(guó)民主模式強(qiáng)加于人的“唯我獨(dú)尊”。人類政治文明的百花園之所以絢爛多彩，正是由于不同文明各有千秋。各國(guó)應(yīng)堅(jiān)持平等非歧視原則，相互尊重彼此的民主模式，既致力于本國(guó)探索，又加強(qiáng)交流互鑒；既各美其美，又美美與共，共同推動(dòng)人類文明向前發(fā)展。
There is no single road to democracy. The true barrier to democracy lies not in different models of democracy, but in arrogance, prejudice and hostility towards other countries' attempts to explore their own paths to democracy, and in assumed superiority and the determination to impose one's own model of democracy on others.

Political systems vary from civilization to civilization, and each has its own strengths. All countries should uphold the principle of nondiscrimination, respect others' models of democracy, share experience with others, explore their own paths, and contribute their due share to human progress.

“一人一票”是民主的一種形式，但絕非民主的唯一和全部。長(zhǎng)期以來，民主本義被少數(shù)國(guó)家異化歪曲，“一人一票”、政黨競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等西方選舉制度被包裝成民主的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。少數(shù)國(guó)家把民主作為政治工具，以同我即對(duì)、非我即錯(cuò)的霸權(quán)思維，以民主名義干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政、侵犯別國(guó)主權(quán)、服務(wù)自身政治目的，打著民主旗號(hào)在世界上煽動(dòng)對(duì)抗與分裂，加劇國(guó)際緊張局勢(shì)，成為世界亂源。人類文明要繼續(xù)向前邁進(jìn)，各國(guó)要實(shí)現(xiàn)和平共處、共同發(fā)展，必須探索民主真諦，把民主擦亮。
One Person, One Vote is a democratic principle, but it is by no means the only principle, nor does it of itself create democracy. However, it has long been misinterpreted and its meaning distorted by a small number of countries. The principles of One Person, One Vote and party competition underlying the Western electoral system are propagated by them as the sole criterion for democracy. A handful of countries exploit democracy as a political tool. Adopting the hegemonic mindset that "whoever disagrees with me is wrong", they interfere in the internal affairs of others in the name of democracy, and infringe on their sovereignty to serve their own political interests. They also incite antagonism and secession on the pretext of "bringing democracy", causing endless instability in many parts of the world and aggravating international tensions. To advance human progress and achieve peaceful coexistence and common development, all countries must understand and promote genuine democracy.

政黨是現(xiàn)代國(guó)家治理中的重要主體，是推動(dòng)人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步的重要力量。在人類文明發(fā)展的歷史潮流中，各國(guó)政黨應(yīng)本著對(duì)人類前途命運(yùn)高度負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度，擔(dān)當(dāng)起引領(lǐng)推動(dòng)人類民主事業(yè)發(fā)展的責(zé)任，以民為本，開放包容，求同存異，相互尊重，更好實(shí)現(xiàn)本國(guó)民主發(fā)展，更好實(shí)現(xiàn)人民幸福。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨愿繼續(xù)同各國(guó)政黨和政治組織一道，深化交流，加強(qiáng)互鑒，共同促進(jìn)人類社會(huì)發(fā)展進(jìn)步。
Political parties in all countries are the major entities of modern governance and an important force for social progress. They should therefore assume their responsibility to spearhead democracy in pursuit of a shared future for humanity, and to achieve greater democracy in their own countries in pursuit of the greater wellbeing of their peoples. They should be open and inclusive, put people first, seek common ground while setting aside differences, and demonstrate mutual respect. The CPC is willing to work together with other political parties and political organizations around the world to increase exchanges, learn from each other, and promote human progress.

結(jié)束語
Conclusion

民主沒有最好，只有更好。人類對(duì)民主的探索和實(shí)踐永無止境。
There is always scope for improving the system of democracy. Humanity's quest for and experiments with greater democracy will never end.

中國(guó)的民主發(fā)展取得了顯著成就，同時(shí)，與現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的新要求、與人民對(duì)民主的新期待相比，中國(guó)的民主還需要不斷發(fā)展完善。在全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家新征程上，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨將繼續(xù)高舉人民民主旗幟，始終堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)全過程人民民主，在不斷推動(dòng)人的全面發(fā)展、全體人民共同富裕中實(shí)現(xiàn)民主新發(fā)展，讓民主之樹根深葉茂、永遠(yuǎn)常青。
China has achieved considerable progress in developing democracy; to meet the new requirements of modernization and the people's new expectations for democracy, China still needs to make further improvements. On the path towards comprehensive socialist modernization, the CPC will continue to uphold people's democracy, embrace the people-centered development philosophy, promote whole-process people's democracy, ensure the sound development of democracy, and pursue well-rounded human development and common prosperity for everyone.

當(dāng)今世界，正處于百年未有之大變局，既充滿機(jī)遇和希望，也充滿風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)。只有尊重各國(guó)人民自主選擇的民主道路，堅(jiān)持和平發(fā)展，維護(hù)公平正義，拓展民主自由，提升人民幸福，才能匯聚全人類文明發(fā)展的強(qiáng)大合力，共同邁向更加美好的明天。
Today's world is experiencing change on a scale unseen in a century. It can anticipate hopes and opportunities as well as risks and challenges. All paths to democracy chosen by the peoples themselves deserve proper respect. We should pursue peaceful development, safeguard fairness and justice, increase democracy and freedom, and improve the people's wellbeing. This is the only way to build synergy among all civilizations in the quest for a better future.

文明因交流而多彩，文明因互鑒而豐富。中國(guó)人民愿同世界各國(guó)人民一道，弘揚(yáng)和平、發(fā)展、公平、正義、民主、自由的全人類共同價(jià)值，本著相互尊重、求同存異的精神，共同豐富發(fā)展人類政治文明，共同推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體。
Civilizations are enriched by exchanges and mutual learning. The Chinese people are willing to work together with all other peoples around the world to carry forward the common values of humanity – peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom. In a spirit of mutual respect and following the principle of seeking common ground while setting aside differences, we will add new elements to the world's political structure and advance towards a global community of shared future together.

（注①）八個(gè)民主黨派包括：中國(guó)國(guó)民黨革命委員會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱“民革”）、中國(guó)民主同盟（簡(jiǎn)稱“民盟”）、中國(guó)民主建國(guó)會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱“民建”）、中國(guó)民主促進(jìn)會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱“民進(jìn)”）、中國(guó)農(nóng)工民主黨（簡(jiǎn)稱“農(nóng)工黨”）、中國(guó)致公黨（簡(jiǎn)稱“致公黨”）、九三學(xué)社、臺(tái)灣民主自治同盟（簡(jiǎn)稱“臺(tái)盟”）。

（注②）新中國(guó)成立前，在抗日根據(jù)地、解放區(qū)的廣大農(nóng)村，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨開展了廣泛的民主選舉活動(dòng)。當(dāng)時(shí)，絕大多數(shù)農(nóng)民是文盲，為了讓他們都能參加選舉，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨使用了很多有創(chuàng)意的辦法，其中最為人所傳頌的就是“豆選”，即用豆子代替選票，選民只要把豆子投到代表自己想要選的候選人的碗里就可以了，最終以碗中豆子的多少?zèng)Q定誰當(dāng)選。當(dāng)時(shí)，很多地方流傳著這樣的歌謠：“金豆豆，銀豆豆，豆豆不能隨便投；選好人，辦好事，投在好人碗里頭?！?/p>