近日，國家衛(wèi)健委等十五部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)《母乳喂養(yǎng)促進(jìn)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃（2021-2025年）》。

China will promote breastfeeding over the next five years by improving hospitals' consultancy services, public support facilities and protecting women's working rights during lactation.
未來五年，我國將通過強(qiáng)化醫(yī)院咨詢服務(wù)、公共設(shè)施建設(shè)以及保護(hù)哺乳期女職工權(quán)益等措施促進(jìn)母乳喂養(yǎng)。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

近幾年，不少地方政府陸續(xù)出臺(tái)了有關(guān)女職工“五期”勞動(dòng)保護(hù)的政策法規(guī)，“五期”指的是女職工的經(jīng)期（menstrual period）、孕期（pregnancy）、產(chǎn)期（obstetrical period）、哺乳期（lactation）和更年期（menopause）。

計(jì)劃提出：

Companies and administrative units will be required to ensure their female workers have access to maternity leave, and make reasonable schedules for mothers who are breastfeeding.
用人單位要確保女職工享受產(chǎn)假，合理安排哺乳期女職工的哺乳時(shí)間。

【詞匯講解】

母親在生產(chǎn)后按規(guī)定享受的一段假期是maternity/maternal leave（產(chǎn)假），如果是“帶薪產(chǎn)假”則為paid maternity leave。Maternity和maternal這兩個(gè)詞都與mother這個(gè)詞相關(guān)，而拉丁語中的“媽媽”一詞為mater，正是maternity和maternal的詞根。我們都知道英語中表達(dá)親戚關(guān)系的詞都是uncle、aunt這樣，而不是像中文那樣“叔叔”、“舅舅”、“姑姑”、“阿姨”分得很清楚，如果在表達(dá)的時(shí)候想要區(qū)分，可以在前面加上maternal或者paternal，比如：my maternal aunt就是“我姨”，而my paternal aunt則是“我姑”。

Mothers should have one hour for breastfeeding during work hours, which will be equivalent to an hour of work. Also, reducing salary or benefits, or laying off female workers due to breastfeeding is not allowed.
用人單位應(yīng)當(dāng)在每天的勞動(dòng)時(shí)間內(nèi)為其安排1小時(shí)哺乳時(shí)間，不得因女職工哺乳降低其工資福利待遇、予以辭退或解除勞動(dòng)（聘用）合同。

Buildings that are over 10,000 square meters and frequented by children, traffic hubs, attractions and shopping malls with more than 10,000 daily visitors should be equipped with individual rooms for mothers.
經(jīng)常有母嬰逗留且建筑面積超過1萬平方米或日客流量超過1萬人的交通樞紐、商業(yè)中心、旅游景區(qū)等公共場(chǎng)所，建立獨(dú)立母嬰室。

Supervision of baby products and medical units will also be enhanced. For example, any advertisement for baby dairy products, drinks or food claiming that it can replace breast milk is prohibited.
加強(qiáng)對(duì)嬰兒產(chǎn)品以及醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)督。禁止發(fā)布聲稱可替代母乳的嬰兒乳制品、飲料和其他食品廣告。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

生育津貼 childbirth subsidy

生育保險(xiǎn) maternity insurance

勞動(dòng)年齡人口 working-age population

生育率 fertility rate

出生率 birth rate

延長哺乳假 extended breastfeeding leave

婦產(chǎn)醫(yī)院 maternity hospital

嬰兒潮 baby boom

參考來源：新華網(wǎng)、中國日?qǐng)?bào)
編輯：Helen