（四）在全面深化改革開放上
4. Deepening reform and opening up

黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)以后，我國改革開放走過波瀾壯闊的歷程，取得舉世矚目的成就。隨著實(shí)踐發(fā)展，一些深層次體制機(jī)制問題和利益固化的藩籬日益顯現(xiàn)，改革進(jìn)入攻堅(jiān)期和深水區(qū)。黨中央深刻認(rèn)識(shí)到，實(shí)踐發(fā)展永無止境，解放思想永無止境，改革開放也永無止境，改革只有進(jìn)行時(shí)、沒有完成時(shí)，停頓和倒退沒有出路，必須以更大的政治勇氣和智慧推進(jìn)全面深化改革，敢于啃硬骨頭，敢于涉險(xiǎn)灘，突出制度建設(shè)，注重改革關(guān)聯(lián)性和耦合性，真槍真刀推進(jìn)改革，有效破除各方面體制機(jī)制弊端。
After the third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee, China’s reform and opening up embarked on a remarkable course and scored achievements that captured the attention of the world. Nevertheless, as practice changed, certain deep-seated institutional problems and impediments from vested interests became increasingly evident. China’s reform thus entered a critical phase fraught with tough challenges.

The Central Committee is keenly aware that evolving in practice, freeing minds, and reform and opening up are processes without end. Reform is always ongoing and can never be completed, and halting or reversing course would get us nowhere. Therefore, it is imperative to deepen reform in all areas through greater political courage and wisdom, to be well prepared to tackle tough issues and brave risky areas, to make institutional development a priority, to increase interconnectivity and synergy between reforms in different sectors, and to clear a path forward for reform by cutting away institutional barriers on all sides.

黨的十八屆三中全會(huì)對經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、政治體制、文化體制、社會(huì)體制、生態(tài)文明體制、國防和軍隊(duì)改革和黨的建設(shè)制度改革作出部署，確定全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)、戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)、優(yōu)先順序、主攻方向、工作機(jī)制、推進(jìn)方式和時(shí)間表、路線圖。黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)是劃時(shí)代的，開啟了改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新時(shí)期。黨的十八屆三中全會(huì)也是劃時(shí)代的，實(shí)現(xiàn)改革由局部探索、破冰突圍到系統(tǒng)集成、全面深化的轉(zhuǎn)變，開創(chuàng)了我國改革開放新局面。
At its third plenary session, the 18th Central Committee made arrangements for reforms of economic, political, cultural, and social systems and those pertaining to ecological conservation, national defense and the armed forces, and Party building. It defined the overall objectives, key strategic targets, ranking of priorities, focal points, working mechanisms, methods of implementation, timetable, and roadmap for the endeavor of comprehensively deepening reform.

The third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee was an epoch-making event that ushered in the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. In the same way, the third plenary session of the 18th Central Committee was also of epoch-making significance. It enabled the transformation of reform from trials and breakthroughs limited to certain areas into an integrated drive being advanced across the board, and thus marked the beginning of a new stage in China’s reform and opening up.

黨堅(jiān)持改革正確方向，以促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義、增進(jìn)人民福祉為出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，突出問題導(dǎo)向，聚焦進(jìn)一步解放思想、解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力、解放和增強(qiáng)社會(huì)活力，加強(qiáng)頂層設(shè)計(jì)和整體謀劃，增強(qiáng)改革的系統(tǒng)性、整體性、協(xié)同性，激發(fā)人民首創(chuàng)精神，推動(dòng)重要領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革走實(shí)走深。黨推動(dòng)改革全面發(fā)力、多點(diǎn)突破、蹄疾步穩(wěn)、縱深推進(jìn)，從夯基壘臺(tái)、立柱架梁到全面推進(jìn)、積厚成勢，再到系統(tǒng)集成、協(xié)同高效，各領(lǐng)域基礎(chǔ)性制度框架基本確立，許多領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)歷史性變革、系統(tǒng)性重塑、整體性重構(gòu)。
The Party has worked to ensure that reform stays on the right path, that it is inspired and guided by the objectives of promoting social fairness and justice and improving people’s wellbeing, that it follows a problem-oriented approach, and that it focuses on further freeing minds, unleashing and developing the productive forces, and unlocking and boosting social dynamism. The Party has strengthened top-level design and overall planning, pursued reform in a more systemic, holistic, and coordinated manner, stimulated people’s creativity, and deepened and consolidated reforms in key areas.

The Party has taken swift yet steady steps to promote and deepen reform in all areas, scoring multiple breakthroughs in the process. As we have gone from laying foundations and defining initial structures, to making overall progress and building momentum, to achieving systematic integration and efficient coordination, we have seen basic institutional frameworks put in place in various areas, and witnessed historic, systemic, and holistic transformation in multiple fields.

黨中央深刻認(rèn)識(shí)到，開放帶來進(jìn)步，封閉必然落后；我國發(fā)展要贏得優(yōu)勢、贏得主動(dòng)、贏得未來，必須順應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，依托我國超大規(guī)模市場優(yōu)勢，實(shí)行更加積極主動(dòng)的開放戰(zhàn)略。我國堅(jiān)持共商共建共享，推動(dòng)共建“一帶一路”高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，推進(jìn)一大批關(guān)系沿線國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、民生改善的合作項(xiàng)目，建設(shè)和平之路、繁榮之路、開放之路、綠色之路、創(chuàng)新之路、文明之路，使共建“一帶一路”成為當(dāng)今世界深受歡迎的國際公共產(chǎn)品和國際合作平臺(tái)。我國堅(jiān)持對內(nèi)對外開放相互促進(jìn)、“引進(jìn)來”和“走出去”更好結(jié)合，推動(dòng)貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化，構(gòu)建面向全球的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自由貿(mào)易區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，建設(shè)自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)和海南自由貿(mào)易港，推動(dòng)規(guī)則、規(guī)制、管理、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等制度型開放，形成更大范圍、更寬領(lǐng)域、更深層次對外開放格局，構(gòu)建互利共贏、多元平衡、安全高效的開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，不斷增強(qiáng)我國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和競爭新優(yōu)勢。
The Central Committee is keenly aware that opening the door brings progress, while closing it leaves one behind. For China’s development to gain the upper hand, seize the initiative, and have a good future, it is essential that we follow the tide of economic globalization, leverage the strengths of China’s massive market, and pursue a more proactive opening up strategy. Adhering to the principle of achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration, China has promoted high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). We have advanced a large number of cooperation projects with significant implications for fueling economic development and improving people’s lives in countries along the BRI routes, and worked to build the BRI into an initiative of peace, prosperity, openness, green development, and innovation that brings different civilizations closer, and a widely welcomed public good and platform for international cooperation in today’s world.

While ensuring that its efforts to open up internally and externally reinforce each other and better integrating the “bringing in” and “going global” strategies, China has worked to promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, build a globally oriented network of high-standard free trade zones, including pilot free trade zones and the Hainan Free Trade Port, and expand opening up on the institutional level in terms of rules, regulations, management, and standards. Through these efforts, we are advancing opening up on a larger scale, across more areas, and in greater depth, and establishing an open economy that is diverse, balanced, secure, and efficient and brings benefit to all. In this way, China is consistently building new and greater strengths in international economic cooperation and competition.

黨的十八大以來，黨不斷推動(dòng)全面深化改革向廣度和深度進(jìn)軍，中國特色社會(huì)主義制度更加成熟更加定型，國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化水平不斷提高，黨和國家事業(yè)煥發(fā)出新的生機(jī)活力。
Since its 18th National Congress, the Party has consistently promoted broader and deeper reform across the board. The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is now more mature and well-defined, and the modernization of China’s system and capacity for governance has reached a higher level. The cause of the Party and the country now radiates with fresh vitality.

（五）在政治建設(shè)上
5. Advancing political work

改革開放以后，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民堅(jiān)持中國特色社會(huì)主義政治發(fā)展道路，發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主，取得重大進(jìn)展。黨從國內(nèi)外政治發(fā)展成敗得失中深刻認(rèn)識(shí)到，堅(jiān)定中國特色社會(huì)主義制度自信首先要堅(jiān)定對中國特色社會(huì)主義政治制度的自信，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義民主政治，發(fā)展社會(huì)主義政治文明，必須使中國特色社會(huì)主義政治制度深深扎根于中國社會(huì)土壤，照抄照搬他國政治制度行不通，甚至?xí)褔仪巴久\(yùn)葬送掉。必須堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主、依法治國有機(jī)統(tǒng)一，積極發(fā)展全過程人民民主，健全全面、廣泛、有機(jī)銜接的人民當(dāng)家作主制度體系，構(gòu)建多樣、暢通、有序的民主渠道，豐富民主形式，從各層次各領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)大人民有序政治參與，使各方面制度和國家治理更好體現(xiàn)人民意志、保障人民權(quán)益、激發(fā)人民創(chuàng)造。必須警惕和防范西方所謂“憲政”、多黨輪流執(zhí)政、“三權(quán)鼎立”等政治思潮的侵蝕影響。
Since the launch of reform and opening up, the Party has led the people in keeping to the path of socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics and developing socialist democracy, and has achieved substantial progress in this regard. Learning lessons from successes and failures in political development both at home and abroad, the Party has become deeply aware of the following: to have full confidence in the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must first and foremost foster strong confidence in the political system of socialism with Chinese characteristics; to promote socialist democracy and socialist political advancement, we must ensure that the political system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is deeply rooted in China; and mechanical copying of the political systems of other countries will get us nowhere, and could potentially lead our country to ruin.

We must uphold the unity between the Party’s leadership, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance. Efforts must be made to actively develop whole-process people’s democracy, and advance comprehensive, extensive, and coordinated development of the systems and institutions through which the people run the country. We must establish diverse, unimpeded, and well-organized democratic channels, diversify forms of democracy, and expand the people’s orderly political participation at all levels and in various fields, so as to ensure that China’s governance and institutions in all sectors give full expression to the will of the people, protect their rights and interests, and spark their creativity. We must remain on guard against the erosive influence of Western trends of political thought, including the so-called constitutionalism, alternation of power between political parties, and separation of powers.

黨的十九屆四中全會(huì)著眼于黨長期執(zhí)政和國家長治久安，對堅(jiān)持和完善中國特色社會(huì)主義制度、推進(jìn)國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化作出總體擘畫，重點(diǎn)部署堅(jiān)持和完善支撐中國特色社會(huì)主義制度的根本制度、基本制度、重要制度。黨中央強(qiáng)調(diào)，必須堅(jiān)持人民主體地位，保證人民依法實(shí)行民主選舉、民主協(xié)商、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督。黨堅(jiān)持和完善人民代表大會(huì)制度，支持和保證人民通過人民代表大會(huì)行使國家權(quán)力，支持和保證人大依法行使立法權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)、決定權(quán)、任免權(quán)，果斷查處拉票賄選案，維護(hù)人民代表大會(huì)制度權(quán)威和尊嚴(yán)，發(fā)揮人民代表大會(huì)制度的根本政治制度作用。黨堅(jiān)持和完善中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度，完善民主黨派中央對重大決策部署貫徹落實(shí)情況實(shí)施專項(xiàng)監(jiān)督、直接向中共中央提出建議等制度，加強(qiáng)人民政協(xié)專門協(xié)商機(jī)構(gòu)制度建設(shè)，推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義協(xié)商民主廣泛多層制度化發(fā)展，形成中國特色協(xié)商民主體系。黨堅(jiān)持鞏固基層政權(quán)，完善基層民主制度，完善辦事公開制度，保障人民知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、表達(dá)權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)。按照堅(jiān)持黨的全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、堅(jiān)持以人民為中心、堅(jiān)持優(yōu)化協(xié)同高效、堅(jiān)持全面依法治國的原則，全面深化黨和國家機(jī)構(gòu)改革，黨和國家機(jī)構(gòu)職能實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)性、整體性重構(gòu)。黨堅(jiān)持和完善民族區(qū)域自治制度，堅(jiān)定不移走中國特色解決民族問題的正確道路，堅(jiān)持把鑄牢中華民族共同體意識(shí)作為黨的民族工作主線，確立新時(shí)代黨的治藏方略、治疆方略，鞏固和發(fā)展平等團(tuán)結(jié)互助和諧的社會(huì)主義民族關(guān)系，促進(jìn)各民族共同團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗、共同繁榮發(fā)展。黨堅(jiān)持黨的宗教工作基本方針，堅(jiān)持我國宗教的中國化方向，積極引導(dǎo)宗教與社會(huì)主義社會(huì)相適應(yīng)。黨完善大統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)工作格局，努力尋求最大公約數(shù)、畫出最大同心圓，匯聚實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的磅礴力量。黨圍繞增強(qiáng)政治性、先進(jìn)性、群眾性，推動(dòng)群團(tuán)工作改革創(chuàng)新，更好發(fā)揮工會(huì)、共青團(tuán)、婦聯(lián)等人民團(tuán)體和群眾組織作用。我們以保障人民生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)為首要推進(jìn)人權(quán)事業(yè)全面發(fā)展。
With a view to maintaining the long-term governance of the Party and the long-term stability of the country, the 19th Central Committee at its fourth plenary session outlined an overall plan for upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance, and also laid out major plans for upholding and improving the fundamental, basic, and important systems that underpin socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The Central Committee has stressed the importance of upholding the principal position of the people and ensuring their law-based participation in democratic elections, consultations, decision-making, management, and oversight.

The Party has worked to uphold and improve the system of people’s congresses. We have supported and safeguarded the right of the people to exercise state power through people’s congresses, supported people’s congresses in exercising their statutory powers of enacting laws, conducting oversight, making decisions, and appointing and removing officials, and conducted decisive investigations of vote rigging and election bribery cases. Through these efforts, we have upheld the authority and dignity of the system of people’s congresses, and given full play to its role as China’s fundamental political system.

The Party has worked to uphold and improve the system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation, and to improve systems through which the central committees of other political parties conduct special oversight over the implementation of major decisions and plans and make suggestions directly to the CPC Central Committee. We have stepped up institutional development in promoting the CPPCC’s role as a specialized consultative body, advanced extensive, multilevel, and institutionalized development of socialist consultative democracy, and put in place a system of consultative democracy with Chinese characteristics.

The Party has worked to consolidate government and improve democracy at the primary level, and to increase transparency in administration in order to protect the people’s rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard, and to exercise oversight.

We have further reformed Party and government institutions to achieve thorough and systematic restructuring of their functions. In this process, we have followed the principles of upholding the Party’s overall leadership, committing to a people-centered approach, promoting greater optimization, coordination, and efficiency, and ensuring law-based governance in all dimensions.

The Party has worked to uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, followed a correct and uniquely Chinese path to dealing with ethnic affairs, and made fostering a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation the main task in its work related to ethnic affairs. The Party has established policies for the governance of Tibet and Xinjiang in the new era, consolidated and developed socialist ethnic relations characterized by equality, solidarity, mutual assistance, and harmony, and pushed for all ethnic groups to work together in pursuit of common development and prosperity.

In line with the Party’s basic policy on religious affairs, we have upheld the principle that religions in China must be Chinese in orientation, and provided active guidance for the adaptation of religions to socialist society.

The Party has worked to build a broad united front with the goal of expanding common ground and the convergence of interests and creating a mighty force to drive our push toward national rejuvenation.

The Party has promoted reform and innovation within trade unions, Chinese Communist Youth League organizations, women’s federations, and other people’s organizations with the objectives of strengthening their political consciousness, their advanced nature, and their ability to represent the people, so that these organizations can play their role more effectively.

We have worked to promote human rights in all areas, with top priority given to safeguarding the people’s rights to subsistence and development.

黨的十八大以來，我國社會(huì)主義民主政治制度化、規(guī)范化、程序化全面推進(jìn)，中國特色社會(huì)主義政治制度優(yōu)越性得到更好發(fā)揮，生動(dòng)活潑、安定團(tuán)結(jié)的政治局面得到鞏固和發(fā)展。
Since the 18th National Congress, we have made sweeping progress in improving the institutions, standards, and procedures of China’s socialist democracy, and given better play to the strengths of the Chinese socialist political system. As a result, our political stability, unity, and dynamism have been reinforced and grown stronger.

（六）在全面依法治國上
6. Comprehensively advancing law-based governance

改革開放以后，黨堅(jiān)持依法治國，不斷推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義法治建設(shè)。同時(shí)，有法不依、執(zhí)法不嚴(yán)、司法不公、違法不究等問題嚴(yán)重存在，司法腐敗時(shí)有發(fā)生，一些執(zhí)法司法人員徇私枉法，甚至充當(dāng)犯罪分子的保護(hù)傘，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害法治權(quán)威，嚴(yán)重影響社會(huì)公平正義。黨深刻認(rèn)識(shí)到，權(quán)力是一把“雙刃劍”，依法依規(guī)行使可以造福人民，違法違規(guī)行使必然禍害國家和人民。黨中央強(qiáng)調(diào)，法治興則國家興，法治衰則國家亂；全面依法治國是中國特色社會(huì)主義的本質(zhì)要求和重要保障，是國家治理的一場深刻革命；堅(jiān)持依法治國首先要堅(jiān)持依憲治國，堅(jiān)持依法執(zhí)政首先要堅(jiān)持依憲執(zhí)政。必須堅(jiān)持中國特色社會(huì)主義法治道路，貫徹中國特色社會(huì)主義法治理論，堅(jiān)持依法治國、依法執(zhí)政、依法行政共同推進(jìn)，堅(jiān)持法治國家、法治政府、法治社會(huì)一體建設(shè)，全面增強(qiáng)全社會(huì)尊法學(xué)法守法用法意識(shí)和能力。
Since the launch of reform and opening up, the Party has upheld law-based governance and kept advancing socialist rule of law. However, we have also faced serious problems such as laws being ignored or not being strictly enforced, lack of judicial impartiality, and violations of the law going unpunished, while judicial corruption occurring from time to time. Some judicial and law-enforcement personnel have bent the law for personal gain, or even provided shelter for criminals. These phenomena have seriously undermined the authority of the law, and had a negative impact on social fairness and justice.

The Party is deeply aware that power is a double-edged sword. If it is wielded in accordance with the law and rules, it can bring benefit to the people, but if it is abused, it will invariably bring disaster to the country and the people.

The Central Committee has stressed that when the rule of law prevails, the country will prosper, but should it weaken, the country will descend into chaos. Comprehensively advancing law-based governance is an essential requirement and important guarantee for socialism with Chinese characteristics; it is also a profound revolution in China’s governance. Law-based governance and law-based exercise of state power begin with compliance with the Constitution. We must remain committed to the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics; implement Chinese socialist rule of law theory; pursue coordinated progress in law-based governance, law-based exercise of state power, and law-based government administration; promote integrated development of the country, the government, and society based on the rule of law; and comprehensively enhance people’s awareness of the need to respect, study, and abide by the law and their ability to apply the law.

黨的十八屆四中全會(huì)和中央全面依法治國工作會(huì)議專題研究全面依法治國問題，就科學(xué)立法、嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法、公正司法、全民守法作出頂層設(shè)計(jì)和重大部署，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)法律規(guī)范體系、法治實(shí)施體系、法治監(jiān)督體系、法治保障體系和黨內(nèi)法規(guī)體系建設(shè)。
At the fourth plenary session of the 18th Central Committee and the central conference on the rule of law, dedicated efforts were made to analyze the issue of advancing law-based governance in all respects. Top-level designs and major plans were put forward on ensuring sound legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial administration of justice, and observance of law by all. Coordinated progress was made in advancing the development of the system of laws and regulations, the system for enforcing the rule of law, the system for overseeing the rule of law, the system for guaranteeing the rule of law, and the system of Party rules and regulations.

黨強(qiáng)調(diào)，全面依法治國最廣泛、最深厚的基礎(chǔ)是人民，必須把體現(xiàn)人民利益、反映人民愿望、維護(hù)人民權(quán)益、增進(jìn)人民福祉落實(shí)到全面依法治國各領(lǐng)域全過程，保障和促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義，努力讓人民群眾在每一項(xiàng)法律制度、每一個(gè)執(zhí)法決定、每一宗司法案件中都感受到公平正義。黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)健全保證憲法全面實(shí)施的體制機(jī)制，確立憲法宣誓制度，弘揚(yáng)社會(huì)主義法治精神，提高國家機(jī)構(gòu)依法履職能力，提高各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部運(yùn)用法治思維和法治方式解決問題、推動(dòng)發(fā)展的能力，增強(qiáng)全社會(huì)法治意識(shí)。通過憲法修正案，制定民法典、外商投資法、國家安全法、監(jiān)察法等法律，修改立法法、國防法、環(huán)境保護(hù)法等法律，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域、新興領(lǐng)域、涉外領(lǐng)域立法，加快完善以憲法為核心的中國特色社會(huì)主義法律體系。黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)深化以司法責(zé)任制為重點(diǎn)的司法體制改革，推進(jìn)政法領(lǐng)域全面深化改革，加強(qiáng)對執(zhí)法司法活動(dòng)的監(jiān)督制約，開展政法隊(duì)伍教育整頓，依法糾正冤錯(cuò)案件，嚴(yán)厲懲治執(zhí)法司法腐敗，確保執(zhí)法司法公正廉潔高效權(quán)威。
The Party has emphasized that since the people make up the broadest and deepest foundation for comprehensively advancing law-based governance, we must ensure that their interests and wishes are reflected, their rights are protected, and their wellbeing is enhanced in every aspect throughout the entire process of law-based governance. We must protect and promote social fairness and justice, and work to ensure that the people feel fairness and justice prevails in every law, every law enforcement decision, and every judicial case.

The Party has led efforts to improve systems and mechanisms for ensuring full enforcement of the Constitution. We have established the system of pledging allegiance to the Constitution, and promoted the spirit of socialist rule of law. We have enhanced the ability of state institutions to perform their duties in accordance with the law, boosted the ability of officials at all levels to think and act under the guidance of the rule of law as they work to solve problems and promote development, and raised awareness about the rule of law throughout society.

Amendments to the Constitution have been adopted; laws including the Civil Code, the Foreign Investment Law, the National Security Law, and the Supervision Law have been formulated; revisions have been made to the Legislation Law, the National Defense Law, and the Environmental Protection Law; and legislation has been stepped up in key, emerging, and foreign-related fields. All these efforts have accelerated the improvement of the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics, at the heart of which is the Constitution.

The Party has led efforts to deepen reform of the judicial system, with the focus on enforcement of judicial accountability, and to advance all-around reform in the judicial, procuratorial, and public security domains. Checks and oversight on law enforcement and judicial activities have been strengthened; action has been taken to educate and consolidate judicial, procuratorial, and public security personnel; unjust and erroneous rulings have been redressed in accordance with the law; and vigorous measures have been taken to punish corruption in law enforcement and judicial work. All these efforts have contributed to ensuring the justice, integrity, efficiency, and authority of law enforcement and judicial work.

黨的十八大以來，中國特色社會(huì)主義法治體系不斷健全，法治中國建設(shè)邁出堅(jiān)實(shí)步伐，法治固根本、穩(wěn)預(yù)期、利長遠(yuǎn)的保障作用進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮，黨運(yùn)用法治方式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和治理國家的能力顯著增強(qiáng)。
Since the 18th National Congress, the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics has constantly been improved, solid progress has been made in advancing the rule of law in China, the rule of law has played a greater role in consolidating foundations, ensuring stable expectations, and delivering long-term benefits, and the Party’s ability to lead and govern the country through law-based methods has been notably enhanced.

（七）在文化建設(shè)上
7. Driving cultural advancement

改革開放以后，黨堅(jiān)持物質(zhì)文明和精神文明兩手抓、兩手硬，推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義文化繁榮發(fā)展，振奮了民族精神，凝聚了民族力量。同時(shí)，拜金主義、享樂主義、極端個(gè)人主義和歷史虛無主義等錯(cuò)誤思潮不時(shí)出現(xiàn)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論亂象叢生，一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部政治立場模糊、缺乏斗爭精神，嚴(yán)重影響人們思想和社會(huì)輿論環(huán)境。黨準(zhǔn)確把握世界范圍內(nèi)思想文化相互激蕩、我國社會(huì)思想觀念深刻變化的趨勢，強(qiáng)調(diào)意識(shí)形態(tài)工作是為國家立心、為民族立魂的工作，文化自信是更基礎(chǔ)、更廣泛、更深厚的自信，是一個(gè)國家、一個(gè)民族發(fā)展中最基本、最深沉、最持久的力量，沒有高度文化自信、沒有文化繁榮興盛就沒有中華民族偉大復(fù)興。必須堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的工作導(dǎo)向，舉旗幟、聚民心、育新人、興文化、展形象，牢牢掌握意識(shí)形態(tài)工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)，建設(shè)具有強(qiáng)大凝聚力和引領(lǐng)力的社會(huì)主義意識(shí)形態(tài)，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義文化強(qiáng)國，激發(fā)全民族文化創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造活力，更好構(gòu)筑中國精神、中國價(jià)值、中國力量，鞏固全黨全國各族人民團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗的共同思想基礎(chǔ)。
Since the launch of reform and opening up, the Party has attached equal emphasis to material progress and cultural-ethical progress. As a result, socialist culture has thrived, the national spirit has been lifted, and national solidarity has grown stronger. At the same time, however, misguided ideas have often cropped up, such as money worship, hedonism, ultra-individualism, and historical nihilism, online discourse has been rife with disorder, and certain leading officials have demonstrated ambiguity in their political stance and a lack of fighting spirit. These phenomena all have a serious impact on people’s thinking and the environment for public discourse.

The Party has maintained an accurate perspective on the trends of collisions taking place worldwide between different ideas and cultures, as well as of the profound changes in Chinese people’s ways of thinking. It has stressed that ideological work shapes the collective mind of a country and forges the soul of a nation, and that confidence in one’s culture, which is a broader, deeper, and more fundamental form of self-confidence, is the most essential, profound, and enduring source of strength for the development of a country and a nation. Without a thriving culture and firm confidence in it, the Chinese nation cannot achieve rejuvenation.

We must adhere to a people-centered approach in ideological work, uphold socialism with Chinese characteristics, rally public support, foster a new generation with sound values and ethics, develop Chinese culture, and build a better national image. We must have a firm hold on leadership in ideological work, develop socialist ideology that has the power to unite and inspire the people, and build China into a country with a strong socialist culture. We must ignite the cultural creativity of the whole nation, and bolster the Chinese spirit, Chinese values, and Chinese strength in order to consolidate the common ideological foundation for the concerted efforts of all Party members and all Chinese people.

黨著力解決意識(shí)形態(tài)領(lǐng)域黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)弱化問題，立破并舉、激濁揚(yáng)清，就意識(shí)形態(tài)領(lǐng)域許多方向性、戰(zhàn)略性問題作出部署，確立和堅(jiān)持馬克思主義在意識(shí)形態(tài)領(lǐng)域指導(dǎo)地位的根本制度，健全意識(shí)形態(tài)工作責(zé)任制，推動(dòng)全黨動(dòng)手抓宣傳思想工作，守土有責(zé)、守土負(fù)責(zé)、守土盡責(zé)，敢抓敢管、敢于斗爭，旗幟鮮明反對和抵制各種錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。黨從正本清源入手加強(qiáng)宣傳思想工作，召開全國宣傳思想工作會(huì)議，分別召開文藝工作、黨的新聞輿論工作、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和信息化工作、哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)工作座談會(huì)和全國高校思想政治工作會(huì)議，就一系列根本性問題闡明原則立場，廓清了理論是非，校正了工作導(dǎo)向，思想文化領(lǐng)域向上向好態(tài)勢不斷發(fā)展。推動(dòng)用黨的創(chuàng)新理論武裝全黨、教育人民、指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐，深化馬克思主義理論研究和建設(shè)，推進(jìn)中國特色哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)科體系、學(xué)術(shù)體系、話語體系建設(shè)。高度重視傳播手段建設(shè)和創(chuàng)新，推動(dòng)媒體融合發(fā)展，提高新聞輿論傳播力、引導(dǎo)力、影響力、公信力。黨中央明確提出，過不了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這一關(guān)就過不了長期執(zhí)政這一關(guān)。黨高度重視互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這個(gè)意識(shí)形態(tài)斗爭的主陣地、主戰(zhàn)場、最前沿，健全互聯(lián)網(wǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理體制，堅(jiān)持依法管網(wǎng)治網(wǎng)，營造清朗的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間。
With a focus on addressing the issue of lax Party leadership in the ideological sphere, the Party has replaced faulty practices with effective ones in an effort to clear up muddy waters. It has made arrangements on a number of strategic issues of guiding significance in the ideological sphere, and established and upheld a fundamental system for ensuring the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological domain. By strengthening the responsibility system for ideological work, the Party has engaged all members in improving communication and outreach. Under this system, every Party member is charged to do their best to fulfill their duties, to be proactive in their work, and to take a clear stand against erroneous views.

In intensifying its efforts to improve communication and outreach, the Party has started with the most fundamental issues. It convened a national conference on communication and outreach, as well as forums on literature and art, the Party’s press and public communications work, cybersecurity and IT application, philosophy and social sciences, and ideological and political work at institutions of higher learning. Through these events, it has clarified its principles and stance on a number of fundamental issues, distinguished right from wrong regarding theories, and kept its work on the right track. As a result, a healthy trend is gathering steam in the sphere of ideology and culture.

The Party endeavors to use its new theories to equip its members, educate the people, and guide practice. It has worked harder to study and develop Marxist theory, and made advances in constructing disciplinary, academic, and discourse systems for philosophy and social sciences with Chinese features.

The Party puts heavy emphasis on developing and creating new means of communication. It has promoted integrated development of media, and worked to strengthen the penetration and credibility of the media and its ability to guide and influence. The Central Committee has made it clear that failure in the cyberspace domain will spell disaster for the Party’s long-term governance. The Party therefore attaches great importance to the Internet as the main arena, battleground, and frontline of the ideological struggle. It has improved the leadership and management systems for the Internet, regulated the cyberspace according to the law, and strived to foster a clean online environment.

黨堅(jiān)持以社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀引領(lǐng)文化建設(shè)，注重用社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化、革命文化、中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化培根鑄魂，廣泛開展中國特色社會(huì)主義和中國夢宣傳教育，推動(dòng)理想信念教育常態(tài)化制度化，完善思想政治工作體系，建立健全黨和國家功勛榮譽(yù)表彰制度，設(shè)立烈士紀(jì)念日，深化群眾性精神文明創(chuàng)建，建設(shè)新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐中心，推動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)大國建設(shè)。黨推動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)黨史、新中國史、改革開放史、社會(huì)主義發(fā)展史，建成中國共產(chǎn)黨歷史展覽館，開展慶祝中國共產(chǎn)黨成立一百周年、中華人民共和國成立七十周年、中國人民解放軍建軍九十周年、改革開放四十周年和紀(jì)念中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭暨世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭勝利七十周年、中國人民志愿軍抗美援朝出國作戰(zhàn)七十周年等活動(dòng)，有力彰顯黨心民心、國威軍威，在全社會(huì)唱響了主旋律、弘揚(yáng)了正能量。黨堅(jiān)持把社會(huì)效益放在首位、社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益相統(tǒng)一，推進(jìn)文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)全面發(fā)展，繁榮文藝創(chuàng)作，完善公共文化服務(wù)體系，為人民提供了更多更好的精神食糧。
The Party has guided cultural development with the core socialist values, and paid close attention to nourishing the roots and forging the soul of our nation with advanced socialist culture, revolutionary culture, and China’s fine traditional culture. It has carried out extensive public awareness activities on socialism with Chinese characteristics and the Chinese Dream, promoted regular and institutionalized education on ideals and convictions, and improved the system of ideological and political work. We have established sound systems of Party and state awards and honors, instituted Martyrs’ Day, carried out initiatives to raise the public’s cultural-ethical standards, built centers for promoting cultural and ethical advancement in the new era, and nurtured a love of learning among our people.

The Party has encouraged the people to study the history of the Party, the People’s Republic of China, reform and opening up, and the development of socialism, and built the Museum of the Communist Party of China. It has also organized events to celebrate the centenary of the Party, the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic, the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army, and the 40th anniversary of the launch of reform and opening up; to commemorate the 70th anniversary of victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the global war against fascism; and to mark the 70th anniversary of the Chinese People’s Volunteers’ departure for Korea to resist US aggression and aid Korea. These events vividly illustrated the solidarity of our Party and our people and the strength of our country and our military while championing China’s underlying values and spreading positive energy throughout society.

Putting social benefits first while also stressing economic returns, the Party has advanced all-around development of cultural programs and industries. Art and literature are flourishing, and public cultural services have improved, providing people with richer cultural nourishment.

黨中央強(qiáng)調(diào)，中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化是中華民族的突出優(yōu)勢，是我們在世界文化激蕩中站穩(wěn)腳跟的根基，必須結(jié)合新的時(shí)代條件傳承和弘揚(yáng)好。我們實(shí)施中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承發(fā)展工程，推動(dòng)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化創(chuàng)造性轉(zhuǎn)化、創(chuàng)新性發(fā)展，增強(qiáng)全社會(huì)文物保護(hù)意識(shí)，加大文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)力度。加快國際傳播能力建設(shè)，向世界講好中國故事、中國共產(chǎn)黨故事，傳播好中國聲音，促進(jìn)人類文明交流互鑒，國家文化軟實(shí)力、中華文化影響力明顯提升。
The Central Committee has stressed that China’s fine traditional culture is a prominent strength of our nation that enables us to gain a firm footing amidst global cultural interaction. We must adapt to new conditions so that we can carry on our traditional culture in the new era. For this purpose, we have launched projects to pass on and develop our fine cultural traditions, promoted their creative transformation and development, raised public awareness of the importance of preserving our cultural heritage, and stepped up preservation efforts.

We have accelerated work to strengthen our international communication capacity, with the goal of telling well China’s stories and the Party’s stories, making China’s voice heard, and promoting exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations. Our cultural soft power and the appeal of Chinese culture have increased significantly.

黨的十八大以來，我國意識(shí)形態(tài)領(lǐng)域形勢發(fā)生全局性、根本性轉(zhuǎn)變，全黨全國各族人民文化自信明顯增強(qiáng)，全社會(huì)凝聚力和向心力極大提升，為新時(shí)代開創(chuàng)黨和國家事業(yè)新局面提供了堅(jiān)強(qiáng)思想保證和強(qiáng)大精神力量。
Since the 18th National Congress, we have seen a sweeping and fundamental shift in the ideological domain, a notable boost in confidence in our culture among all Party members and all Chinese people, and a major increase in cohesiveness throughout society. All of this has provided solid ideological guarantees and powerful inspiration for opening up new horizons for the cause of the Party and the country in the new era.