四、開創(chuàng)中國特色社會(huì)主義新時(shí)代
IV. A New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

黨的十八大以來，中國特色社會(huì)主義進(jìn)入新時(shí)代。黨面臨的主要任務(wù)是，實(shí)現(xiàn)第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)，開啟實(shí)現(xiàn)第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)新征程，朝著實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的宏偉目標(biāo)繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。
Following the Party’s 18th National Congress, socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era. The main tasks facing the Party in this period are to fulfill the First Centenary Goal, embark on the new journey to accomplish the Second Centenary Goal, and continue striving toward the great goal of national rejuvenation.

以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央統(tǒng)籌把握中華民族偉大復(fù)興戰(zhàn)略全局和世界百年未有之大變局，強(qiáng)調(diào)中國特色社會(huì)主義新時(shí)代是承前啟后、繼往開來、在新的歷史條件下繼續(xù)奪取中國特色社會(huì)主義偉大勝利的時(shí)代，是決勝全面建成小康社會(huì)、進(jìn)而全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國的時(shí)代，是全國各族人民團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗、不斷創(chuàng)造美好生活、逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕的時(shí)代，是全體中華兒女勠力同心、奮力實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興中國夢(mèng)的時(shí)代，是我國不斷為人類作出更大貢獻(xiàn)的時(shí)代。中國特色社會(huì)主義新時(shí)代是我國發(fā)展新的歷史方位。
The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has implemented the national rejuvenation strategy within the wider context of once-in-a-century changes taking place in the world. It has stressed that the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics is an era in which we will build on past successes to further advance our cause and continue to strive for the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics under new historical conditions; an era in which we will use the momentum of our decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects to fuel all-out efforts to build a great modern socialist country; an era in which Chinese people of all ethnic groups will work together to create a better life for themselves and gradually realize the goal of common prosperity; an era in which all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation will strive with one heart to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation; and an era in which China will make even greater contributions to humanity. This new era is a new historic juncture in China’s development.

以習(xí)近平同志為主要代表的中國共產(chǎn)黨人，堅(jiān)持把馬克思主義基本原理同中國具體實(shí)際相結(jié)合、同中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化相結(jié)合，堅(jiān)持毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，深刻總結(jié)并充分運(yùn)用黨成立以來的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，從新的實(shí)際出發(fā)，創(chuàng)立了習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì)主義思想，明確中國特色社會(huì)主義最本質(zhì)的特征是中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，中國特色社會(huì)主義制度的最大優(yōu)勢是中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，中國共產(chǎn)黨是最高政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力量，全黨必須增強(qiáng)“四個(gè)意識(shí)”、堅(jiān)定“四個(gè)自信”、做到“兩個(gè)維護(hù)”；明確堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義，總?cè)蝿?wù)是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化和中華民族偉大復(fù)興，在全面建成小康社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)上，分兩步走在本世紀(jì)中葉建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧美麗的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國，以中國式現(xiàn)代化推進(jìn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興；明確新時(shí)代我國社會(huì)主要矛盾是人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發(fā)展之間的矛盾，必須堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，發(fā)展全過程人民民主，推動(dòng)人的全面發(fā)展、全體人民共同富裕取得更為明顯的實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展；明確中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)總體布局是經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)五位一體，戰(zhàn)略布局是全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國家、全面深化改革、全面依法治國、全面從嚴(yán)治黨四個(gè)全面；明確全面深化改革總目標(biāo)是完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義制度、推進(jìn)國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化；明確全面推進(jìn)依法治國總目標(biāo)是建設(shè)中國特色社會(huì)主義法治體系、建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國家；明確必須堅(jiān)持和完善社會(huì)主義基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用，更好發(fā)揮政府作用，把握新發(fā)展階段，貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的新發(fā)展理念，加快構(gòu)建以國內(nèi)大循環(huán)為主體、國內(nèi)國際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)的新發(fā)展格局，推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展和安全；明確黨在新時(shí)代的強(qiáng)軍目標(biāo)是建設(shè)一支聽黨指揮、能打勝仗、作風(fēng)優(yōu)良的人民軍隊(duì)，把人民軍隊(duì)建設(shè)成為世界一流軍隊(duì)；明確中國特色大國外交要服務(wù)民族復(fù)興、促進(jìn)人類進(jìn)步，推動(dòng)建設(shè)新型國際關(guān)系，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體；明確全面從嚴(yán)治黨的戰(zhàn)略方針，提出新時(shí)代黨的建設(shè)總要求，全面推進(jìn)黨的政治建設(shè)、思想建設(shè)、組織建設(shè)、作風(fēng)建設(shè)、紀(jì)律建設(shè)，把制度建設(shè)貫穿其中，深入推進(jìn)反腐敗斗爭，落實(shí)管黨治黨政治責(zé)任，以偉大自我革命引領(lǐng)偉大社會(huì)革命。這些戰(zhàn)略思想和創(chuàng)新理念，是黨對(duì)中國特色社會(huì)主義建設(shè)規(guī)律認(rèn)識(shí)深化和理論創(chuàng)新的重大成果。
Chinese communists, with Comrade Xi Jinping as their chief representative, have established Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era on the basis of adapting the basic tenets of Marxism to China’s specific realities and its fine traditional culture, upholding Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development, thoroughly reviewing and fully applying the historical experience gained since the founding of the Party, and proceeding from new realities.

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era makes the following clear:

—The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and that the Party is the highest force for political leadership. Therefore, all Party members must strengthen their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.

—The overarching task of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics is to realize socialist modernization and national rejuvenation, and that on the basis of completing the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, a two-step approach should be taken to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century, and to promote national rejuvenation through a Chinese path to modernization.

—The principal contradiction facing Chinese society in the new era is that between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life, and the Party must therefore remain committed to a people-centered philosophy of development, develop whole-process people’s democracy, and make more notable and substantive progress toward achieving well-rounded human development and common prosperity for all.

—The integrated plan for building socialism with Chinese characteristics covers five spheres, namely economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement, and that the comprehensive strategy in this regard includes four prongs, namely building a modern socialist country, deepening reform, advancing law-based governance, and strengthening Party self-governance.

—The overall objectives of comprehensively deepening reform are to develop and improve the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and to modernize China’s system and capacity for governance.

—The overall goal of comprehensively advancing law-based governance is to establish a system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and to build a socialist rule of law country.

—China must uphold and improve its basic socialist economic system, see that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and the government plays its role better, have an accurate understanding of this new stage of development, apply a new philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development, accelerate efforts to foster a new pattern of development that is focused on the domestic economy but features positive interplay between domestic and international economic flows, promote high-quality development, and balance development and security imperatives.

—The Party’s goal for military development in the new era is to build the people’s armed forces into world-class forces that obey the Party’s command, that are able to fight and to win, and that maintain excellent conduct.

—Major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics aims to serve national rejuvenation, promote human progress, and facilitate efforts to foster a new type of international relations and build a human community with a shared future.

—Full and rigorous self-governance is a policy of strategic importance for the Party, and the general requirements for Party building in the new era include making all-around efforts to strengthen the Party in political, ideological, and organizational terms and in terms of conduct and discipline, with institution building incorporated into every aspect of this process, continuing the fight against corruption, and ensuring that the political responsibility for governance over the Party is fulfilled. By engaging in great self-transformation, the Party can steer great social transformation.

These strategic concepts and innovative ideas are the important outcomes of the Party’s theoretical development based on a deeper understanding of the underlying laws of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

習(xí)近平同志對(duì)關(guān)系新時(shí)代黨和國家事業(yè)發(fā)展的一系列重大理論和實(shí)踐問題進(jìn)行了深邃思考和科學(xué)判斷，就新時(shí)代堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展什么樣的中國特色社會(huì)主義、怎樣堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義，建設(shè)什么樣的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國、怎樣建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國，建設(shè)什么樣的長期執(zhí)政的馬克思主義政黨、怎樣建設(shè)長期執(zhí)政的馬克思主義政黨等重大時(shí)代課題，提出一系列原創(chuàng)性的治國理政新理念新思想新戰(zhàn)略，是習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì)主義思想的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)立者。習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì)主義思想是當(dāng)代中國馬克思主義、二十一世紀(jì)馬克思主義，是中華文化和中國精神的時(shí)代精華，實(shí)現(xiàn)了馬克思主義中國化新的飛躍。黨確立習(xí)近平同志黨中央的核心、全黨的核心地位，確立習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì)主義思想的指導(dǎo)地位，反映了全黨全軍全國各族人民共同心愿，對(duì)新時(shí)代黨和國家事業(yè)發(fā)展、對(duì)推進(jìn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興歷史進(jìn)程具有決定性意義。
Comrade Xi Jinping, through meticulous assessment and deep reflection on a number of major theoretical and practical questions regarding the cause of the Party and the country in the new era, has set forth a series of original new ideas, thoughts, and strategies on national governance revolving around the major questions of our times: what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics we should uphold and develop in this new era, what kind of great modern socialist country we should build, and what kind of Marxist party exercising long-term governance we should develop, as well as how we should go about achieving these tasks. He is thus the principal founder of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This is the Marxism of contemporary China and of the 21st century. It embodies the best of the Chinese culture and ethos in our times and represents a new breakthrough in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context. The Party has established Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and defined the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This reflects the common will of the Party, the armed forces, and Chinese people of all ethnic groups, and is of decisive significance for advancing the cause of the Party and the country in the new era and for driving forward the historic process of national rejuvenation.

改革開放以后，黨和國家事業(yè)取得重大成就，為新時(shí)代發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)、創(chuàng)造了有利條件。同時(shí)，黨清醒認(rèn)識(shí)到，外部環(huán)境變化帶來許多新的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，國內(nèi)改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定面臨不少長期沒有解決的深層次矛盾和問題以及新出現(xiàn)的一些矛盾和問題，管黨治黨一度寬松軟帶來黨內(nèi)消極腐敗現(xiàn)象蔓延、政治生態(tài)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重問題，黨群干群關(guān)系受到損害，黨的創(chuàng)造力、凝聚力、戰(zhàn)斗力受到削弱，黨治國理政面臨重大考驗(yàn)。
The significant achievements attained in the cause of the Party and the country since the launch of reform and opening up have laid a solid foundation and created favorable conditions for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. At the same time, however, the Party has remained soberly aware that changes in the international environment have brought about many new risks and challenges and China faces no small number of long unresolved, deep-seated problems as well as newly emerging problems regarding reform, development, and stability. Moreover, previously lax and weak governance has enabled inaction and corruption to spread within the Party and led to serious problems in its political environment, which has harmed relations between the Party and the people and between officials and the public, weakened the Party’s creativity, cohesiveness, and ability, and posed a serious test to its exercise of national governance.

以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央，以偉大的歷史主動(dòng)精神、巨大的政治勇氣、強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng)，統(tǒng)籌國內(nèi)國際兩個(gè)大局，貫徹黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本方略，統(tǒng)攬偉大斗爭、偉大工程、偉大事業(yè)、偉大夢(mèng)想，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，出臺(tái)一系列重大方針政策，推出一系列重大舉措，推進(jìn)一系列重大工作，戰(zhàn)勝一系列重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，解決了許多長期想解決而沒有解決的難題，辦成了許多過去想辦而沒有辦成的大事，推動(dòng)黨和國家事業(yè)取得歷史性成就、發(fā)生歷史性變革。
The Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has demonstrated great historical initiative, tremendous political courage, and a powerful sense of mission. Keeping in mind both domestic and international imperatives, the Central Committee has implemented the Party’s basic theory, line, and policy and provided unified leadership for advancing our great struggle, great project, great cause, and great dream. Acting on the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, it has introduced a raft of major principles and policies, launched a host of major initiatives, pushed ahead with many major tasks, and overcome a number of major risks and challenges. It has solved many tough problems that were long on the agenda but never resolved and accomplished many things that were wanted but never got done. With this, it has prompted historic achievements and historic shifts in the cause of the Party and the country.

（一）在堅(jiān)持黨的全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)上
1. Upholding the Party’s overall leadership

改革開放以后，黨為加強(qiáng)和改善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)進(jìn)行持續(xù)努力，為黨和國家事業(yè)發(fā)展提供了根本政治保證。同時(shí)，黨內(nèi)也存在不少對(duì)堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)認(rèn)識(shí)模糊、行動(dòng)乏力問題，存在不少落實(shí)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)弱化、虛化、淡化、邊緣化問題，特別是對(duì)黨中央重大決策部署執(zhí)行不力，有的搞上有政策、下有對(duì)策，甚至口是心非、擅自行事。以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央旗幟鮮明提出，黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是黨和國家的根本所在、命脈所在，是全國各族人民的利益所系、命運(yùn)所系，全黨必須自覺在思想上政治上行動(dòng)上同黨中央保持高度一致，提高科學(xué)執(zhí)政、民主執(zhí)政、依法執(zhí)政水平，提高把方向、謀大局、定政策、促改革的能力，確保充分發(fā)揮黨總攬全局、協(xié)調(diào)各方的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心作用。
Since the launch of reform and opening up, the Party has made continued efforts to strengthen and improve its leadership, providing fundamental political guarantees for the cause of the Party and the country. However, there have remained many problems within the Party with respect to upholding its leadership such as a lack of clear awareness and vigorous action as well as weak, ineffective, diluted, and marginalized efforts in implementation. In particular, the Central Committee’s major decisions and plans were not properly executed as some officials selectively implemented the Party’s policies or even feigned agreement or compliance and did things their own way.

The Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has made it clear that the leadership of the Party is the foundation and lifeblood of the Party and the country, and the pillar upon which the interests and wellbeing of all Chinese people depend. All Party members must maintain a high degree of unity with the Central Committee ideologically, politically, and in action. We need to enhance our capacity to conduct sound, democratic, and law-based governance, and ability to chart our course, craft overall plans, design policy, and promote reform. We must ensure that the Party fully exerts its core role in providing overall leadership and coordinating the efforts of all sides.

黨明確提出，黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是全面的、系統(tǒng)的、整體的，保證黨的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一是黨的生命；黨中央集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的最高原則，加強(qiáng)和維護(hù)黨中央集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是全黨共同的政治責(zé)任，堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)首先要旗幟鮮明講政治，保證全黨服從中央。黨的十八屆六中全會(huì)通過關(guān)于新形勢下黨內(nèi)政治生活的若干準(zhǔn)則，黨中央出臺(tái)中央政治局加強(qiáng)和維護(hù)黨中央集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的若干規(guī)定，嚴(yán)明黨的政治紀(jì)律和政治規(guī)矩，防止和反對(duì)個(gè)人主義、分散主義、自由主義、本位主義、好人主義等，發(fā)展積極健康的黨內(nèi)政治文化，推動(dòng)營造風(fēng)清氣正的良好政治生態(tài)。黨中央要求黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部提高政治判斷力、政治領(lǐng)悟力、政治執(zhí)行力，胸懷“國之大者”，對(duì)黨忠誠、聽黨指揮、為黨盡責(zé)。黨健全黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制度體系，完善黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人大、政府、政協(xié)、監(jiān)察機(jī)關(guān)、審判機(jī)關(guān)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)、武裝力量、人民團(tuán)體、企事業(yè)單位、基層群眾性自治組織、社會(huì)組織等制度，確保黨在各種組織中發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用。黨堅(jiān)持民主集中制，建立健全黨對(duì)重大工作的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制，強(qiáng)化黨中央決策議事協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)職能作用，完善推動(dòng)黨中央重大決策落實(shí)機(jī)制，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行向黨中央請(qǐng)示報(bào)告制度，強(qiáng)化政治監(jiān)督，深化政治巡視，查處違背黨的路線方針政策、破壞黨的集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)問題，清除“兩面人”，保證全黨在政治立場、政治方向、政治原則、政治道路上同黨中央保持高度一致。
The Party has clearly stated that it exercises overall, systemic, and integrated leadership, and that its lifeblood lies in maintaining its solidarity and unity. The centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee is the highest principle of the Party’s leadership, and upholding and strengthening this is the common political responsibility of each and every Party member. In upholding Party leadership, all Party members must, first and foremost, take a clear stance in maintaining political integrity to ensure that the whole Party obeys the Central Committee.

The Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life under New Circumstances was approved at the sixth plenary session of the 18th Central Committee. The regulations of the Political Bureau on upholding and strengthening the centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee were also issued. These documents were designed to strictly enforce the Party’s political rules and discipline, to counteract and prevent self-centered behavior, decentralism, liberalism, departmentalism, and the “nice-guy” mentality, to cultivate a positive and healthy intraparty political culture, and to foster a sound political ecosystem featuring honesty and integrity within the Party.

The Central Committee has required leading officials to improve their capacity for political judgment, thinking, and implementation; to remain mindful of the country’s most fundamental interests; and to be loyal to the Party, obey its command, and fulfill their duties to it.

The Party has strengthened its leadership systems. It has improved the institutions for Party leadership over the people’s congresses, the government, the CPPCC, the supervisory, judicial, and procuratorial organs of the state, the armed forces, people’s organizations, enterprises and public institutions, primary-level people’s organizations for self-governance, and social organizations, thereby ensuring that the Party plays its role of providing leadership in all these organizations.

The Party has practiced democratic centralism. It has put in place sound systems for ensuring its leadership over major work of the state. The functions and roles of the Central Committee’s decision-making, deliberative, and coordinating institutions have been strengthened, and the mechanisms for ensuring implementation of the Central Committee’s major policies have been improved. The Party has strictly implemented the system for requesting instructions from and submitting reports to the Central Committee; tightened political oversight and inspection; investigated and handled cases of deviation from the Party’s line, principles, and policies as well as instances in which the Party’s centralized, unified leadership has been undermined; and rid the Party of members who acted duplicitously. All these measures have helped ensure that the whole Party maintains a high degree of unity with the Central Committee in terms of political stance, political orientation, political principles, and political path.

黨的十八大以來，黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)得到有力保證，黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制度體系不斷完善，黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式更加科學(xué)，全黨思想上更加統(tǒng)一、政治上更加團(tuán)結(jié)、行動(dòng)上更加一致，黨的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、思想引領(lǐng)力、群眾組織力、社會(huì)號(hào)召力顯著增強(qiáng)。
Since the 18th National Congress, the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership have remained robust, the Party’s leadership systems have improved, and the way in which the Party exercises its leadership has become more refined. There is greater unity among all Party members in terms of thinking, political resolve, and action, and the Party has significantly boosted its capacity to provide political leadership, give guidance through theory, organize the people, and inspire society.

（二）在全面從嚴(yán)治黨上
2. Exercising full and rigorous self-governance

改革開放以后，黨堅(jiān)持黨要管黨、從嚴(yán)治黨，推進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)取得明顯成效。同時(shí)，由于一度出現(xiàn)管黨不力、治黨不嚴(yán)問題，有些黨員、干部政治信仰出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重危機(jī)，一些地方和部門選人用人風(fēng)氣不正，形式主義、官僚主義、享樂主義和奢靡之風(fēng)盛行，特權(quán)思想和特權(quán)現(xiàn)象較為普遍存在。特別是搞任人唯親、排斥異己的有之，搞團(tuán)團(tuán)伙伙、拉幫結(jié)派的有之，搞匿名誣告、制造謠言的有之，搞收買人心、拉動(dòng)選票的有之，搞封官許愿、彈冠相慶的有之，搞自行其是、陽奉陰違的有之，搞尾大不掉、妄議中央的也有之，政治問題和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題相互交織，貪腐程度觸目驚心。這“七個(gè)有之”問題嚴(yán)重影響黨的形象和威信，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害黨群干群關(guān)系，引起廣大黨員、干部、群眾強(qiáng)烈不滿和義憤。習(xí)近平同志強(qiáng)調(diào)，打鐵必須自身硬，辦好中國的事情，關(guān)鍵在黨，關(guān)鍵在黨要管黨、全面從嚴(yán)治黨。必須以加強(qiáng)黨的長期執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)、先進(jìn)性和純潔性建設(shè)為主線，以黨的政治建設(shè)為統(tǒng)領(lǐng)，以堅(jiān)定理想信念宗旨為根基，以調(diào)動(dòng)全黨積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng)造性為著力點(diǎn)，不斷提高黨的建設(shè)質(zhì)量，把黨建設(shè)成為始終走在時(shí)代前列、人民衷心擁護(hù)、勇于自我革命、經(jīng)得起各種風(fēng)浪考驗(yàn)、朝氣蓬勃的馬克思主義執(zhí)政黨。黨以永遠(yuǎn)在路上的清醒和堅(jiān)定，堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)的主基調(diào)，突出抓住“關(guān)鍵少數(shù)”，落實(shí)主體責(zé)任和監(jiān)督責(zé)任，強(qiáng)化監(jiān)督執(zhí)紀(jì)問責(zé)，把全面從嚴(yán)治黨貫穿于黨的建設(shè)各方面。黨中央召開各領(lǐng)域黨建工作會(huì)議作出有力部署，推動(dòng)黨的建設(shè)全面進(jìn)步。
Since the launch of reform and opening up, the Party has upheld the principle of the Party exercising effective self-supervision and practicing strict self-governance, making notable progress in Party building.

However, there was a certain period in which we failed to supervise Party organizations effectively or govern them with the necessary stringency. This resulted in a serious lack of political conviction among some Party members and officials, misconduct in the selection and appointment of personnel in some localities and government departments, a blatant culture of pointless formalities, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, and a prevalence of privilege-seeking attitudes and behavior. To be more specific, some officials engaged in cronyism and ostracized those outside of their circle; some formed self-serving cliques; some anonymously lodged false accusations and fabricated rumors; some sought to buy popular support and rig elections in their favor; some promised official posts and lavished praise on each other for their promotions; some did things their own way and feigned compliance with policies while acting counter to them; and some got too big for their boots and made presumptuous comments on the decisions of the Central Committee. Such misconduct interwoven with political and economic issues led to a startling level of corruption that damaged the Party’s image and prestige and severely undermined relations between the Party and the people and between officials and the people, arousing the discontent and indignation of many Party members, officials, and members of the public.

Comrade Xi Jinping emphasized that it takes a good blacksmith to make good steel and that China’s success hinges on the Party, especially on the Party’s efforts to exercise effective self-supervision and full and rigorous self-governance. With this understanding, we must make strengthening the Party’s long-term governance capacity and its advanced nature and integrity the main tasks, make enhancing the Party politically the guiding principle, make firm commitment to the Party’s ideals, convictions, and purpose the foundation, and make harnessing the whole Party’s enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity the focus of our efforts. We must keep improving the efficacy of Party building and build the Party into a vibrant Marxist governing party that stays at the forefront of the times, enjoys the wholehearted support of the people, has the courage to reform itself, and is able to withstand all tests.

With the attitude and resolve to make Party building an unceasing endeavor, the Party has practiced rigorous self-governance and put the spotlight on leading officials, the “key few.” It has worked to ensure that responsibilities for taking charge and exercising supervision over self-governance are properly fulfilled, bolstered the enforcement of oversight, discipline, and accountability, and integrated the requirement for full and strict self-governance into all aspects of Party building. The Central Committee has convened meetings on Party building in various sectors and made effective plans in this regard, thus promoting all-around progress in Party building.

黨中央強(qiáng)調(diào)，我們黨來自人民、植根人民、服務(wù)人民，一旦脫離群眾就會(huì)失去生命力，全面從嚴(yán)治黨必須從人民群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的作風(fēng)問題抓起。黨中央從制定和落實(shí)中央八項(xiàng)規(guī)定破題，堅(jiān)持從中央政治局做起、從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部抓起，以上率下改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng)。中央政治局每年召開民主生活會(huì)，聽取貫徹執(zhí)行八項(xiàng)規(guī)定情況匯報(bào)，開展批評(píng)和自我批評(píng)。黨中央發(fā)揚(yáng)釘釘子精神，持之以恒糾治“四風(fēng)”，反對(duì)特權(quán)思想和特權(quán)現(xiàn)象，狠剎公款送禮、公款吃喝、公款旅游、奢侈浪費(fèi)等不正之風(fēng)，解決群眾反映強(qiáng)烈、損害群眾利益的突出問題，推進(jìn)基層減負(fù)，倡導(dǎo)勤儉節(jié)約、反對(duì)鋪張浪費(fèi)，剎住了一些過去被認(rèn)為不可能剎住的歪風(fēng)，糾治了一些多年未除的頑瘴痼疾，黨風(fēng)政風(fēng)和社會(huì)風(fēng)氣為之一新。
The Central Committee has consistently stressed that our Party comes from the people, has its roots among the people, and is dedicated to serving the people. Once the Party becomes disengaged from the people, it will lose its vitality. To exercise strict self-governance in all respects, we must first address issues concerning Party conduct that the people are strongly concerned about.

For this purpose, the Central Committee started with formulating and enforcing an eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct and worked to improve the Party’s style of work through a top-down approach, with members of the Political Bureau and leading officials taking the lead. The Political Bureau holds meetings every year to hear reports on implementation of the eight-point decision and to engage in criticism and self-criticism on this subject.

With the persistence to keep hammering away, the Central Committee has made consistent efforts to tackle pointless formalities, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. It has opposed privilege-seeking attitudes and behavior, shut down extravagant and wasteful spending and use of public funds for non-work-related gifts, dining, or travel, and worked to solve prominent problems that invite a strong public response or harm the public’s interests. The Central Committee has reduced burdens at the primary level, and encouraged frugality while opposing wasteful spending. Thanks to these efforts, certain unhealthy tendencies that were once considered impossible to control have been reined in, and certain problems that had long plagued us have been remedied, while Party, government, and social conduct have significantly improved.

黨歷來強(qiáng)調(diào)，全黨必須做到理想信念堅(jiān)定、組織體系嚴(yán)密、紀(jì)律規(guī)矩嚴(yán)明。馬克思主義信仰、共產(chǎn)主義遠(yuǎn)大理想、中國特色社會(huì)主義共同理想，是中國共產(chǎn)黨人的精神支柱和政治靈魂，也是保持黨的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一的思想基礎(chǔ)。黨中央強(qiáng)調(diào)，理想信念是共產(chǎn)黨人精神上的“鈣”，共產(chǎn)黨人如果沒有理想信念，精神上就會(huì)“缺鈣”，就會(huì)得“軟骨病”，必然導(dǎo)致政治上變質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)上貪婪、道德上墮落、生活上腐化。黨堅(jiān)持思想建黨和制度治黨同向發(fā)力，先后開展黨的群眾路線教育實(shí)踐活動(dòng)、“嚴(yán)以修身、嚴(yán)以用權(quán)、嚴(yán)以律己，謀事要實(shí)、創(chuàng)業(yè)要實(shí)、做人要實(shí)”專題教育、“學(xué)黨章黨規(guī)、學(xué)系列講話，做合格黨員”學(xué)習(xí)教育、“不忘初心、牢記使命”主題教育、黨史學(xué)習(xí)教育等，用黨的創(chuàng)新理論武裝全黨，推進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)型政黨建設(shè)，教育引導(dǎo)廣大黨員、干部特別是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部從思想上正本清源、固本培元，筑牢信仰之基、補(bǔ)足精神之鈣、把穩(wěn)思想之舵，保持共產(chǎn)黨人政治本色，挺起共產(chǎn)黨人的精神脊梁。黨提出和貫徹新時(shí)代黨的組織路線，明確信念堅(jiān)定、為民服務(wù)、勤政務(wù)實(shí)、敢于擔(dān)當(dāng)、清正廉潔的新時(shí)代好干部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，突出政治素質(zhì)要求、樹立正確用人導(dǎo)向，堅(jiān)持德才兼?zhèn)?、以德為先，?jiān)持五湖四海、任人唯賢，堅(jiān)持事業(yè)為上、公道正派，堅(jiān)持不唯票、不唯分、不唯生產(chǎn)總值、不唯年齡，不搞“海推”、“海選”，強(qiáng)化黨組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和把關(guān)作用，糾正選人用人上的不正之風(fēng)。黨要求各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部解決好世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀這個(gè)“總開關(guān)”問題，珍惜權(quán)力、管好權(quán)力、慎用權(quán)力，自覺接受各方面監(jiān)督，時(shí)刻想著為黨分憂、為國奉獻(xiàn)、為民造福。黨堅(jiān)持黨管人才原則，實(shí)行更加積極、更加開放、更加有效的人才政策，深入實(shí)施新時(shí)代人才強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略，加快建設(shè)世界重要人才中心和創(chuàng)新高地，聚天下英才而用之。黨不斷健全組織體系，以提升組織力為重點(diǎn)，增強(qiáng)黨組織政治功能和組織功能，樹立大抓基層的鮮明導(dǎo)向，推動(dòng)黨的組織和黨的工作全覆蓋。黨堅(jiān)持紀(jì)嚴(yán)于法、執(zhí)紀(jì)執(zhí)法貫通，用好監(jiān)督執(zhí)紀(jì)“四種形態(tài)”，強(qiáng)化政治紀(jì)律和組織紀(jì)律，帶動(dòng)各項(xiàng)紀(jì)律全面嚴(yán)起來。黨堅(jiān)持依規(guī)治黨，嚴(yán)格遵守黨章，形成比較完善的黨內(nèi)法規(guī)體系，嚴(yán)格制度執(zhí)行，黨的建設(shè)科學(xué)化、制度化、規(guī)范化水平明顯提高。
The Party has always stressed that the whole Party must maintain firm ideals and convictions, well-constructed organizational systems, and strict rules and discipline.

Our faith in Marxism, the great ideal of communism, and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics are our source of strength and the anchor of our political soul as Chinese communists, and they constitute the ideological foundation for maintaining the Party’s unity. The Central Committee has stressed that ideals and convictions are like essential nutrients; without them, we would become frail and susceptible to corruption, greed, degeneracy, and decadence.

The Party has remained committed to integrating efforts to strengthen the Party ideologically with those to bolster self-governance through institutional building. In recent years, it has launched campaigns for advancing study and implementation of the mass line; for pushing Party members to be strict with themselves in practicing self-cultivation, exercising power, and maintaining self-discipline and to be earnest in their thinking, work, and behavior; for requiring Party members to study the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses and to meet Party standards; for raising awareness of the need to stay true to the Party’s founding mission; and for encouraging study of the Party’s history. Through these efforts, the Party aims to equip its members with its new theories and to turn itself into a learning party. It has worked to educate and guide Party members and officials, especially leading officials, so that they can keep the roots of their convictions healthy and strong and absorb the mental nutrients they need to maintain the right line in their thinking, and ultimately preserve their political character and the backbone of their identity as communists.

The Party has introduced and implemented an organizational line for the new era. It has specified a set of criteria for good officials, which include firm convictions, devotion to serving the people, a strong and pragmatic work ethic, a willingness to take responsibility, and a commitment to being clean and honest. In appointing officials, the Party has adopted a rational approach with a greater emphasis on political integrity. It has adhered to the principle of selecting officials on the basis of both integrity and ability, with greater weight given to the former, and on the basis of merit regardless of background, and it is intent on appointing those who are dedicated, impartial, and upright. The Party has opposed the selection of officials solely on the basis of votes, assessment scores, GDP growth rates, or age, or through open popularity contests. It has strengthened the role of Party organizations in exercising leadership and final oversight in order to rectify misconduct in the selection and appointment of officials.

The Party has mandated that leading officials at all levels cultivate a proper worldview, outlook on life, and sense of values, all of which serve as the “master switch” for their conduct, and that they appreciate the power entrusted to them, manage it well, and use it prudently. They must willingly submit to the oversight from all sides, share the Party’s concerns at all times, make contributions to the country, and work for the people’s wellbeing.

The Party has adhered to the principle of the Party supervising personnel, pursued a more proactive, open, and effective personnel policy, implemented the strategy of invigorating China by developing a quality workforce in the new era, and moved faster to build world-class hubs for talent and innovation, thus bringing together the brightest minds from all corners.

The Party has constantly strengthened its organizational system with a focus on improving the organizational capacity of Party organizations and enhancing their political and organizational functions. By attaching greater attention to the primary level, the Party has promoted full coverage for its organizational framework and initiatives.

The Party has upheld the principles that Party discipline should be even more stringent than the law and that discipline and law enforcement efforts should go hand in hand. It has conducted four forms of oversight over discipline compliance,[ The four forms are: 1) criticism and self-criticism activities and oral and written inquiries which are to be conducted regularly, to ensure that those who have committed minor misconduct are made to “redden and sweat”; 2) light penalties and minor organizational adjustments to official positions, which are to be applied in the majority of cases; 3) heavy penalties and major adjustments to official positions, which are to be applied in a small number of cases; and 4) investigation and prosecution, which are to be undertaken in a very small number of cases involving serious violations of discipline and suspected criminal activity.] strengthened political and organizational discipline, and promoted stricter observance of discipline on all fronts. The Party has remained committed to exercising rule-based governance over the Party, strictly abided by the Party Constitution, and developed a sound system of intraparty regulations. It has worked to ensure strict compliance with all Party institutions, and to make Party building efforts more rationally-conceived, institutionalized, and procedure-based.

黨中央強(qiáng)調(diào)，腐敗是黨長期執(zhí)政的最大威脅，反腐敗是一場輸不起也決不能輸?shù)闹卮笳味窢帲坏米锍砂偕锨У母瘮》肿?，就要得罪十四億人民，必須把權(quán)力關(guān)進(jìn)制度的籠子里，依紀(jì)依法設(shè)定權(quán)力、規(guī)范權(quán)力、制約權(quán)力、監(jiān)督權(quán)力。黨堅(jiān)持不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐一體推進(jìn)，懲治震懾、制度約束、提高覺悟一體發(fā)力，確保黨和人民賦予的權(quán)力始終用來為人民謀幸福。堅(jiān)持無禁區(qū)、全覆蓋、零容忍，堅(jiān)持重遏制、強(qiáng)高壓、長震懾，堅(jiān)持受賄行賄一起查，堅(jiān)持有案必查、有腐必懲，以猛藥去疴、重典治亂的決心，以刮骨療毒、壯士斷腕的勇氣，堅(jiān)定不移“打虎”、“拍蠅”、“獵狐”。堅(jiān)決整治群眾身邊腐敗問題，深入開展國際追逃追贓，清除一切腐敗分子。黨聚焦政治問題和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題交織的腐敗案件，防止黨內(nèi)形成利益集團(tuán)，查處周永康、薄熙來、孫政才、令計(jì)劃等嚴(yán)重違紀(jì)違法案件。黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)完善黨和國家監(jiān)督體系，推動(dòng)設(shè)立國家監(jiān)察委員會(huì)和地方各級(jí)監(jiān)察委員會(huì)，構(gòu)建巡視巡察上下聯(lián)動(dòng)格局，構(gòu)建以黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督為主導(dǎo)、各類監(jiān)督貫通協(xié)調(diào)的機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)對(duì)權(quán)力運(yùn)行的制約和監(jiān)督。
The Central Committee has stressed that corruption is the greatest threat to the Party’s long-term governance. The fight against corruption is a major political struggle that the Party cannot and must not lose. If we let a few hundred corrupt officials slip through the cracks, we would let down all 1.4 billion Chinese people. We must confine power to an institutional cage and ensure that powers are properly defined, standardized, constrained, and subject to oversight in accordance with discipline and the law.

The Party has made integrated efforts to see that officials do not have the opportunity, desire, or audacity to engage in corruption. It has used punishment as a deterrent, strengthened institutional constraints, and promoted heightened consciousness, so as to ensure that the powers conferred by the Party and the people are always used for the people’s benefit. The Party insists that no place is out of bounds, no ground is left unturned, and no tolerance is shown in the fight against corruption. It has imposed tight constraints, maintained a firm stance, and strengthened long-term deterrents against corruption. It has punished both those who take bribes and those who offer them and ensured that every case is investigated and all perpetrators of corruption are punished. The Party has shown the determination to adopt powerful remedies and the courage to take painful measures for the sake of the bigger picture, and taken firm action to “take out tigers,” “swat flies,” and “hunt down foxes.”

The Party has intensified efforts to address corruption that occurs on the people’s doorsteps, hunt down corrupt officials who fled overseas and recover state assets they had stolen, and root out all corrupt officials. The Party has focused on dealing with cases involving both political and economic corruption, prevented interest groups from arising within the Party, and investigated and punished corrupt officials such as Zhou Yongkang, Bo Xilai, Sun Zhengcai, and Ling Jihua for their serious violations of Party discipline and the law.

The Party has taken the lead in improving Party and state oversight systems, promoted the establishment of the National Commission of Supervision and local supervisory commissions at all levels, and developed an oversight network that facilitates coordination in disciplinary inspections conducted at different levels and mechanisms for promoting coordination between various types of oversight with intraparty oversight playing the main role. Through these efforts, we have strengthened checks and oversight on the exercise of power.

黨的十八大以來，經(jīng)過堅(jiān)決斗爭，全面從嚴(yán)治黨的政治引領(lǐng)和政治保障作用充分發(fā)揮，黨的自我凈化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力顯著增強(qiáng)，管黨治黨寬松軟狀況得到根本扭轉(zhuǎn)，反腐敗斗爭取得壓倒性勝利并全面鞏固，消除了黨、國家、軍隊(duì)內(nèi)部存在的嚴(yán)重隱患，黨在革命性鍛造中更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。
By taking resolute action since the 18th National Congress, we have given full play to the role of full and strict Party self-governance in providing political guidance and guarantees, significantly strengthened the Party’s ability to improve and reform itself and maintain its integrity, and addressed the problem of lax and weak governance over Party organizations at the fundamental level. An overwhelming victory has been achieved in the fight against corruption, and this momentum has been consolidated across the board. As serious potential dangers in the Party, the country, and the military have been rooted out, our Party has grown stronger through revolutionary tempering.

（三）在經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)上
3. Pursuing economic development

改革開放以后，黨扭住經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)這個(gè)中心，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民埋頭苦干，創(chuàng)造出經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展奇跡，國家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力大幅躍升。同時(shí)，由于一些地方和部門存在片面追求速度規(guī)模、發(fā)展方式粗放等問題，加上國際金融危機(jī)后世界經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)低迷影響，經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)性體制性矛盾不斷積累，發(fā)展不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)問題十分突出。黨中央提出，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)，已由高速增長階段轉(zhuǎn)向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展階段，面臨增長速度換擋期、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整陣痛期、前期刺激政策消化期“三期疊加”的復(fù)雜局面，傳統(tǒng)發(fā)展模式難以為繼。黨中央強(qiáng)調(diào)，貫徹新發(fā)展理念是關(guān)系我國發(fā)展全局的一場深刻變革，不能簡單以生產(chǎn)總值增長率論英雄，必須實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新成為第一動(dòng)力、協(xié)調(diào)成為內(nèi)生特點(diǎn)、綠色成為普遍形態(tài)、開放成為必由之路、共享成為根本目的的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量變革、效率變革、動(dòng)力變革。
Since the launch of reform and opening up, the Party has concentrated on economic development as the central task, and led the people in working diligently to bring about a miracle of rapid growth. China’s economic strength has thus risen by a significant margin.

However, there existed problems such as undue emphasis on the rate and scale of growth in some localities and sectors and an extensive growth model. They, combined with the impact from sluggish world economy in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, led to a stack-up of institutional and structural problems in China’s economy. Imbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development hence became a glaring issue.

The Central Committee determined that China’s economy had reached a new normal of development, and was transitioning from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development. Our traditional growth model could no longer be sustained in the face of a complex situation in which we must deal with a slowdown in economic growth, make painful structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies all at once.

The Central Committee noted that applying a new development philosophy represented a profound shift affecting China’s overall development. The GDP growth rate could not serve as the sole yardstick of success for development. Rather, it was imperative to achieve high-quality development in which innovation is the primary driver, coordination is an endogenous trait, eco-friendly growth prevails, openness to the world is the only way, and shared growth is the ultimate goal, with a view to propelling transformative changes in the quality, efficiency, and impetus of economic development.

黨加強(qiáng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的戰(zhàn)略謀劃和統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，完善黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)濟(jì)工作體制機(jī)制。黨的十八屆五中全會(huì)、黨的十九大、黨的十九屆五中全會(huì)和歷次中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議集中對(duì)我國發(fā)展作出部署，作出堅(jiān)持以高質(zhì)量發(fā)展為主題、以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線、建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系、把握擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略基點(diǎn)，打好防范化解重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、精準(zhǔn)脫貧、污染防治三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)等重大決策。黨毫不動(dòng)搖鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，毫不動(dòng)搖鼓勵(lì)、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，支持國有資本和國有企業(yè)做強(qiáng)做優(yōu)做大，建立中國特色現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度，增強(qiáng)國有經(jīng)濟(jì)競爭力、創(chuàng)新力、控制力、影響力、抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力；構(gòu)建親清政商關(guān)系，促進(jìn)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展和非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)人士健康成長。黨堅(jiān)持實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，把科技自立自強(qiáng)作為國家發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略支撐，健全新型舉國體制，強(qiáng)化國家戰(zhàn)略科技力量，加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究，推進(jìn)關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)和自主創(chuàng)新，強(qiáng)化知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)創(chuàng)造、保護(hù)、運(yùn)用，加快建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家和世界科技強(qiáng)國。全面實(shí)施供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，推進(jìn)去產(chǎn)能、去庫存、去杠桿、降成本、補(bǔ)短板，落實(shí)鞏固、增強(qiáng)、提升、暢通要求，推進(jìn)制造強(qiáng)國建設(shè)，加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，壯大實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)，發(fā)展數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)。完善宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)治理，創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控思路和方式，增強(qiáng)宏觀政策自主性，實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，堅(jiān)持推進(jìn)簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)，保障糧食安全、能源資源安全、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈安全，堅(jiān)持金融為實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)服務(wù)，全面加強(qiáng)金融監(jiān)管，防范化解經(jīng)濟(jì)金融領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，強(qiáng)化市場監(jiān)管和反壟斷規(guī)制，防止資本無序擴(kuò)張，維護(hù)市場秩序，激發(fā)各類市場主體特別是中小微企業(yè)活力，保護(hù)廣大勞動(dòng)者和消費(fèi)者權(quán)益。黨實(shí)施區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展、長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展、粵港澳大灣區(qū)建設(shè)、長三角一體化發(fā)展、黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高質(zhì)量建設(shè)雄安新區(qū)，推動(dòng)西部大開發(fā)形成新格局，推動(dòng)?xùn)|北振興取得新突破，推動(dòng)中部地區(qū)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，鼓勵(lì)東部地區(qū)加快推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化，支持革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)改善生產(chǎn)生活條件。推進(jìn)以人為核心的新型城鎮(zhèn)化，加強(qiáng)城市規(guī)劃、建設(shè)、管理。黨始終把解決好“三農(nóng)”問題作為全黨工作重中之重，實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略，加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化，堅(jiān)持藏糧于地、藏糧于技，實(shí)行最嚴(yán)格的耕地保護(hù)制度，推動(dòng)種業(yè)科技自立自強(qiáng)、種源自主可控，確保把中國人的飯碗牢牢端在自己手中。
The Party stepped up strategic planning and unified leadership over economic work, and improved its institutions and mechanisms for leading economic development. Through the fifth plenary session of the 18th Central Committee, the 19th National Congress, the fifth plenary session of the 19th Central Committee, and a series of central economic work conferences, it rolled out new plans and made major decisions in this regard. They were as follows: focusing on the main theme of high-quality development and the main task of supply-side structural reform; building a modern economic system; expanding domestic demand as a strategic priority; and fighting effectively in the three critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution.

The Party has worked with unswerving commitment to consolidate and develop the public sector and to encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector. It has prompted state capital and state-owned enterprises to grow stronger, better, and larger, established a modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, and worked to make the public sector more competitive, innovative, risk-resilient, and capable of exerting a greater level of influence and control over the economy. A cordial and clean relationship has been cultivated between government and business, and steps have been taken to facilitate the healthy growth of the non-public sector and encourage those working in this sector to achieve success.

The Party has been committed to the innovation-driven development strategy. It has made self-reliance in science and technology the strategic pillar for the country’s development and developed a new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide for this purpose. It has strengthened China’s capabilities in strategic science and technology, intensified basic research, and spurred breakthroughs and original innovation on core technologies in key fields. The Party has bolstered the creation, protection, and application of intellectual property rights, and moved faster to build China into a country of innovators and a global leader in science and technology.

The Party has carried out supply-side structural reform on all fronts. It has worked to cut overcapacity, reduce excess inventory, deleverage, lower costs, and shore up weaknesses, and implemented the principles of consolidating gains made in this regard, strengthening the dynamism of micro entities, upgrading industrial chains, and ensuring unimpeded flows in the economy. It has increased efforts to build China into a manufacturer of quality, build a modern industrial system, expand the real economy, and develop the digital economy.

The Party has improved its macroeconomic governance, adopted innovative ideas and approaches in macroeconomic regulation, shown greater initiative in macro policymaking, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. The Party has pressed forward with efforts to streamline administration, delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. Steps have been taken to ensure food, energy, and resource security as well as the security of industrial and supply chains. The Party has worked to ensure that the financial sector better serves the real economy, strengthened financial regulation across the board, taken measures to prevent and defuse economic and financial risks, and stepped up market supervision and anti-monopoly regulation. The Party has also taken measures to prevent runaway expansion of capital, maintain order in the market, galvanize market entities of all types, especially micro, small, and medium enterprises, and protect the rights and interests of workers and consumers.

The Party has introduced a coordinated regional development strategy. It has promoted coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta, ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin, and high-quality construction of Xiongan New Area to a high standard. The Party has prompted a new phase in the large-scale development of the western region, new breakthroughs in the revitalization of the northeast, and high-quality development of the central region, and encouraged the eastern region to accelerate its pace of modernization. The Party has provided assistance for improving working and living conditions in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and impoverished areas. It has promoted a new, people-centered type of urbanization and improved urban planning, development, and management.

The Party has always made issues relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents a top priority. It has introduced a rural revitalization strategy and accelerated the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. It has adopted a food crop production strategy based on farmland management and the application of technology, implemented the strictest possible system for the protection of farmland, and worked to increase self-reliance in seed technology and ensure that China’s seed resources are self-supporting and under better control. With all these efforts, the Chinese people’s food supply has remained firmly in their own hands.

黨的十八大以來，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展平衡性、協(xié)調(diào)性、可持續(xù)性明顯增強(qiáng)，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值突破百萬億元大關(guān)，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值超過一萬美元，國家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力、科技實(shí)力、綜合國力躍上新臺(tái)階，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)邁上更高質(zhì)量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持續(xù)、更為安全的發(fā)展之路。
Since the 18th National Congress, our economic development has become much more balanced, coordinated, and sustainable. China’s GDP has exceeded 100 trillion yuan, while per capita GDP has topped US$10,000. China’s economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, and composite national strength have reached new heights, and our economy is now on a path of higher-quality development that is more efficient, equitable, sustainable, and secure.