嫦娥五號月球樣品最新研究成果發(fā)布 刷新月球演化傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知
中國日報(bào)網(wǎng) 2021-10-21 13:56
月球上火山活動(dòng)何時(shí)停止?曾經(jīng)的巖漿活動(dòng)如何維持?月球內(nèi)部有多少水?10月19日,中國科學(xué)院發(fā)布了嫦娥五號月球科研樣品最新研究成果,對上述問題進(jìn)行了解答。
An analysis of moon rocks brought back to Earth by China's Chang'e 5 mission suggests the samples are a new type of lunar basalt, different from those collected during previous Apollo and Luna missions.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),嫦娥五號月球樣品為一類新的月球玄武巖,不同于美國阿波羅和蘇聯(lián)月球系列采樣任務(wù)返回的月球樣品。
【知識點(diǎn)】
月球玄武巖(lunar basalt)是月幔部分熔融形成的巖漿經(jīng)過火山噴發(fā)至月表冷卻結(jié)晶形成的巖石?;鹕交顒?dòng)(volcanic activity)是月球具有內(nèi)動(dòng)力的表現(xiàn),火山活動(dòng)停止表明月球失去了內(nèi)動(dòng)力,也就意味著地質(zhì)意義上的“死亡”。因此,研究火山巖可以揭示月球化學(xué)組成(chemical composition)和熱演化歷史(thermal evolution)。
月球直到20億年前仍存在巖漿活動(dòng)
Previous radioisotope dating of lunar samples brought back by the Apollo and Luna missions suggested that most lunar volcanic activities ceased by around 2.9 billion or 2.8 billion years ago. Those samples were collected within 30 degrees of the moon's equator and could not represent the large lunar surface.
以往對美國、蘇聯(lián)的月球樣本的放射性同位素定年研究顯示,月球的巖漿活動(dòng)至少持續(xù)到大約28億至29億年前。這些樣品都是在月球赤道附近30度的范圍內(nèi)采集的,不能代表整個(gè)月球表面的情況。
After studying the isotopes of the rocks brought back by Chang'e 5, scientists confirmed that the basalts came from the same eruption lava, which occurred around 2 billion years ago, delaying the end of the Moon's volcanic activity by 800 million to 900 million years.
研究人員對嫦娥五號帶回的樣品進(jìn)行同位素研究后證實(shí),這些玄武巖來自于約20億年前的巖漿活動(dòng),比以往月球樣品限定的巖漿活動(dòng)停止時(shí)間晚了約8億—9億年。
月球冷卻慢的兩種解釋都被排除
為什么月球冷卻如此之慢,目前科學(xué)界存在兩種可能的解釋:巖漿源區(qū)中富含放射性元素以提供熱源(a lunar mantle rich in radioactive elements to provide a heat source),或富含水以降低月幔熔點(diǎn)(a lunar mantle rich in water to lower the melting point)。
Scientists discovered previously that the volcanically active region on the moon was rich in some specific heat-producing elements-potassium, rare earths and phosphorus. The elements were believed to be associated with the near side's volcanism by providing a heat source.
研究人員此前發(fā)現(xiàn),月球上的火山活躍區(qū)域富含鉀、稀土元素、磷的生熱元素。一般認(rèn)為,這些元素能夠產(chǎn)生熱源,與月球正面的火山活動(dòng)相關(guān)。
But researchers found that the high content of those elements in the samples collected by Chang'e 5 did not originate in the moon's mantle, where lava would ordinarily have been formed. The previous studies used remote sensing techniques without returned samples, meaning the deeper composition could not be detected.
但是研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),嫦娥五號月球樣品富集的這些元素并不是月幔熔巖形成時(shí)產(chǎn)生的。之前的研究采用遙感技術(shù)勘測,沒有返回樣本,月幔深層次的成分無法勘測。
這一結(jié)果否定了初始巖漿熔融熱源來自放射性生熱元素的主流假說,揭示了月球晚期巖漿活動(dòng)過程。
對于月球巖漿是否富含水,科研團(tuán)隊(duì)也進(jìn)行了分析。
The recent analysis of the water composition shows that the deep lunar mantle of the sampling area was much drier 2 billion years ago than that of older regions with volcanism.
此次關(guān)于水含量的研究顯示,采樣區(qū)所在的20億年前的月幔源區(qū)比更早時(shí)期的火山活動(dòng)區(qū)域更干燥。
這一發(fā)現(xiàn)也排除了月幔富水(the rich content of water in the lunar mantle)而具有低熔點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致該區(qū)域巖漿活動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間異常延長的猜想。
專家表示,新的研究成果為未來月球的探測和研究開辟了新的方向。
中科院院士、地質(zhì)地球所研究員李獻(xiàn)華表示:
The above results raise new questions on the study of the thermal evolution of the moon.
上述研究成果對月球熱演化的研究提出了新問題。
It is still unclear why the moon cooled down so slowly, and it will require a new theoretical framework and evolutionary model to provide new directions for future lunar exploration and research.
月球冷卻如此之慢的原因并不清楚,需要全新的理論框架和演化模型,對未來的月球探測和研究提出了新的方向。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
探月工程
lunar exploration program
月球背面
the far side of the Moon
月球樣品
lunar samples
平等互利、和平利用、合作共贏
the principle of equality and mutual benefit, peaceful utilization and win-win cooperation
參考來源:新華網(wǎng)、中國日報(bào)網(wǎng)、CGTN
(中國日報(bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 Helen)