近期，持續(xù)多日的強(qiáng)降雨波及山西中南部，令當(dāng)?shù)乇姸喙沤ú煌潭仁軗p。

The National Cultural Heritage Administration told a media briefing on Tuesday that 1,783 heritage sites across Shanxi had been damaged as of Monday. Major damage includes cracks in walls, leaking roofs, sinking foundations and broken outer fences. No injuries have been reported at the ancient architecture sites.
國(guó)家文物局10月12日表示，截至10月11日，山西省共有1783處文物不同程度地出現(xiàn)墻體開裂坍塌、屋頂漏雨、地基塌陷及周邊護(hù)坡、圍墻坍塌等險(xiǎn)情。未造成人員傷亡。

近一半受災(zāi)文物“不可移動(dòng)”

Among the damaged sites, 176 are registered key sites under national-level protection, 143 are under provincial-level protection, and 661 are under city- or county-level protection.
受災(zāi)害影響文物中，全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位176處，省級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位143處，市縣級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位661處。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位（key historical and cultural sites under national-level protection）是中華文明的優(yōu)秀代表和重要標(biāo)識(shí)。1961年，國(guó)務(wù)院核定公布了第一批180處國(guó)保單位。根據(jù)2002年10月28日第九屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)第三十次會(huì)議通過的《中華人民共和國(guó)文物保護(hù)法》第十三條的規(guī)定，國(guó)務(wù)院文物行政部門在省級(jí)、市、縣級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位中，選擇具有重大歷史、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)價(jià)值的（those with significant historical, artistic and scientific value）確定為全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，或者直接確定為全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院核定公布。

Preliminary evaluations found most damage to be minor, the administration said, but 89 sites, including two national-level key sites and seven provincial-level sites, were reported to be "severely damaged", which means they partially collapsed or their overall construction safety is in jeopardy.
國(guó)家文物局表示，經(jīng)初步研判，因?yàn)?zāi)受影響文物中大部分為一般性損傷。但有89處受損程度嚴(yán)重，即局部垮塌或造成重大結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，其中包括國(guó)家級(jí)保護(hù)單位2處，省級(jí)保護(hù)單位7處。

未核定文物缺乏修繕保護(hù)

山西文物資源豐富，在全省53875處不可移動(dòng)文物中，全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位531處（其中古建筑421處），省級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位408處（其中古建筑407處）。

Shanxi has one of the biggest trove of ancient architecture in China, with some of the oldest surviving Chinese buildings, dating back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Statistics from the Shanxi Provincial Cultural Heritage Administration show that over 28,000 ancient buildings remain standing, with 421 of them registered as national-level key sites.
山西擁有國(guó)內(nèi)最大規(guī)模的古建文物，部分現(xiàn)存最古老的建筑建于唐代。山西省文物局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，該省現(xiàn)存古建筑28000多座，其中有421處為國(guó)家級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位。

However, many scattered heritage sites in the countryside, which are not rated, face the biggest threat from natural disasters like torrential rain. More than 800 sites damaged in the latest deluge are not included in protected lists at any level and have lacked renovation and protection.
然而，很多尚未核定的文物單位分散在鄉(xiāng)間，遭遇暴雨等自然災(zāi)害時(shí)面臨的危險(xiǎn)更大。近期暴雨中受損的800多處文物不在任何一級(jí)的保護(hù)單位之列，缺乏修繕和保護(hù)。

如何保護(hù)文物？

From 2016 to 2020, over 1.06 billion yuan was allocated by the central and provincial governments for the renovation and consolidation of major ancient architecture in Shanxi.
2016至2020年，中央和山西省政府共撥款超10.6億元用于山西省主要古建筑的修繕和加固。

In 2017, Shanxi launched an experimental program enabling enterprises to "adopt" ancient architecture and support its daily maintenance. The program, which covers 238 ancient architecture sites, has raised a total of 300 million yuan from enterprises.
2017年，山西省推出了一個(gè)試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，讓企業(yè)“認(rèn)領(lǐng)”古建筑并對(duì)其日常維護(hù)提供支持。該項(xiàng)目涵蓋238處古建筑，已經(jīng)籌集認(rèn)領(lǐng)資金3億元。

國(guó)家文物局部署搶險(xiǎn)工作

An expert panel sent by the National Cultural Heritage Administration was conducting a field investigation in Shanxi for further evaluation and to guide local rescue efforts.
國(guó)家文物局派出的專家組正在山西實(shí)地勘查掌握文物受影響情況，指導(dǎo)文物救災(zāi)工作。

Emergency rescue funds would be allocated to save and remedy cultural heritage sites in Shanxi, and the damaged sites would become the focuses of future conservation projects. A comprehensive survey of the safety of heritage sites in the province will also be launched.
國(guó)家文物局緊急撥付文物應(yīng)急搶險(xiǎn)資金，支持山西開展因?yàn)?zāi)受損文物應(yīng)急、搶險(xiǎn)、修復(fù)等，并將在后續(xù)文物保護(hù)項(xiàng)目和經(jīng)費(fèi)上給予重點(diǎn)傾斜安排。同時(shí)，將在山西省開展文物安全全面巡查。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

文化遺產(chǎn) cultural heritage

文化自然雙重遺產(chǎn) cultural and natural heritage

文化多樣性 cultural diversity

世界遺產(chǎn)名錄 World Heritage List

申遺 bid for the World Heritage List

文化資源整合 integration of cultural resources

參考來源：新華網(wǎng)、中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）