今年秋雨強(qiáng)、秋汛重，北方降雨比常年明顯偏多。10月2日至7日，山西省多地遭遇強(qiáng)降雨。

More than 120,000 people have been temporarily evacuated after continuous downpours triggered floods in north China's Shanxi province, authorities said Sunday.The floods have disrupted the lives of 1.76 million residents from 76 counties, cities and districts, according to the provincial department of emergency management.Some 190,000 hectares of crops were damaged and more than 17,000 houses collapsed, the department said.
山西省應(yīng)急管理廳表示，連續(xù)強(qiáng)降雨引發(fā)的洪澇災(zāi)害已導(dǎo)致山西76個(gè)縣（市、區(qū)）約176萬(wàn)人受災(zāi)，12萬(wàn)多人轉(zhuǎn)移安置，約19萬(wàn)公頃農(nóng)作物受災(zāi)，1.7萬(wàn)余間房屋倒塌。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

從氣象上來(lái)說(shuō)，24小時(shí)降水量（24-hour precipitation）為50毫米或以上的雨稱為“暴雨”（rainstorm/ downpour/ torrential rain）。特大暴雨是一種災(zāi)害性天氣（disastrous weather），往往造成“洪澇災(zāi)害”（flood），在山區(qū)還會(huì)引發(fā)“山體滑坡”（landslide）和“泥石流”（debris flow）。Landslide（山體滑坡）是暴雨使山體不堪重負(fù)，由山體薄弱地帶斷開整體下滑，而debris flow（泥石流）是暴雨使沙土石達(dá)到水飽和，在重力的作用下液化的泥沙石向低洼處流動(dòng)。

Heavy rains hav damaged a 25-meter wall section of the ancient town of Pingyao, a UNESCO world heritage site famous for its well-preserved ancient architecture.
受強(qiáng)降雨影響，平遙古城墻發(fā)生局部坍塌，坍塌長(zhǎng)度約25米。平遙古城是聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)，是保存完好的知名古建筑。

Meanwhile, 60 coal mines have suspended operations after heavy rain lashed the coal-rich province, local authorities said on Friday.
當(dāng)?shù)卣?0月8日表示，受強(qiáng)降雨影響，該省60個(gè)煤礦暫停生產(chǎn)。

Operations at 372 non-coal mines, 14 hazardous-chemical enterprises, over 1,000 construction projects and 166 scenic spots have also been suspended.
同時(shí)，暫時(shí)關(guān)閉非煤礦山372座、?；髽I(yè)14家，在建工程1000多個(gè)，景區(qū)166個(gè)。

山西此輪降水極端異常，導(dǎo)致汾河、沁河、濁漳河等多條河流發(fā)生漲水過(guò)程及險(xiǎn)情。

The dyke of the Fenhe River, a major tributary of the Yellow River, near Qiaodong village in Xinjiang county was breached at about 5 pm Thursday, said the municipal publicity department of Yuncheng. The Xinjiang section in the lower reaches of the river is facing the largest flood crest in nearly four decades.
運(yùn)城市宣傳部表示，10月7日17點(diǎn)，汾河下游新絳段遭遇近40年來(lái)最大洪峰，新絳縣橋東村附近的汾河部分堤壩發(fā)生決口。汾河是黃河的一條主要支流。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

在水文學(xué)上，支流（tributary）指匯入另一條河流（或其他水體）而不直接入海的河流。支流所匯入的河流稱為干流或主流（mainstream），兩河或多河交匯之處稱為合流或合流處（confluence）。與支流相反的情況稱為分流（distributary）。

The nearly 20-meter-long dyke breach was closed on Friday.
10月8日，這個(gè)近20米長(zhǎng)的堤壩決口完成封堵。

搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)進(jìn)展

Local authorities have heightened and consolidated 13.7 km of the river dykes and evacuated 17,631 residents.
當(dāng)?shù)卣咽枭?7631名群眾，加高加固堤壩13.7公里。

The provincial authorities have earmarked 50 million yuan to support the flood control and relief work, 20 million will be used for disaster relief work for people severely impacted by flooding.
山西省已緊急下達(dá)省級(jí)雨澇災(zāi)害救災(zāi)資金5000萬(wàn)元，其中2000萬(wàn)元用于支持受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重的群眾。

On Saturday, the China National Commission for Disaster Reduction and the Ministry of Emergency Management jointly activated a Level-IV emergency response to floods in Shanxi and dispatched a working team to the affected area. The province has also issued a Level-III emergency response for natural disasters.
10月9日，國(guó)家減災(zāi)委、應(yīng)急管理部啟動(dòng)國(guó)家Ⅳ級(jí)救災(zāi)應(yīng)急響應(yīng)并派出工作組趕赴災(zāi)區(qū)。山西省同時(shí)啟動(dòng)自然災(zāi)害III級(jí)應(yīng)急響應(yīng)。

山西究竟下了多少雨？

中央氣象局的一位專家表示：

The heavy rain in Shanxi lasted from Oct 2 to 6, and it was accompanied by thunderstorms and a significant drop in temperature.
強(qiáng)降雨從10月2日持續(xù)到6日，同時(shí)伴有雷暴和明顯降溫。

The average rainfall in Shanxi for the month of October is 31.1 millimeters, but from 8 pm on Oct 2 to 8 am of Oct 7, it saw precipitation averaging 119.5 mm. Eighteen counties in the province had more than 200 mm of rain during the period, with a maximum recording of 285.2 mm, the expert said.
山西全省10月份月平均降水量為31.1毫米。但是從10月2日20時(shí)至7日8時(shí)，山西省平均降水量達(dá)119.5毫米。全省有18個(gè)縣（市、區(qū)）降水超過(guò)200毫米，累計(jì)降水量最大為285.2毫米。

A total of 63 national weather monitoring stations in the province saw the accumulated precipitation figures reach record highs.
全省63個(gè)國(guó)家氣象觀測(cè)站過(guò)程累計(jì)降水量超過(guò)同期歷史極值。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

floods 洪水

flash floods 山洪暴發(fā)

water level 水位

flood level 洪水水位

warning level 警戒水位

watercourses 河道/水道

water discharge 排水量

precipitation 降水量

release flood waters 泄洪

flood-diversion zones 分洪區(qū)

check dam 淤地壩/攔沙壩

flood-prevention 防洪

spillway 泄洪道

參考來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng)、中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）