2021年4月，市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局依據(jù)《中華人民共和國(guó)反壟斷法》，對(duì)美團(tuán)在中國(guó)境內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)餐飲外賣(mài)平臺(tái)服務(wù)市場(chǎng)濫用市場(chǎng)支配地位行為立案調(diào)查。

China's top market watchdog on Friday fined the internet giant Meituan 3.442 billion yuan for abusing its dominant market position in the country's online food delivery platform market and ordered the company to "comprehensively rectify" its operations. The fine is equal to about 3 percent of the Meituan's total domestic sales revenue of 114.748 billion yuan in 2020, according to China's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) in an online statement.
10月8日，市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局宣布，認(rèn)定美團(tuán)濫用在中國(guó)境內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)餐飲外賣(mài)平臺(tái)服務(wù)市場(chǎng)的支配地位，決定處以其2020年中國(guó)境內(nèi)銷(xiāo)售額1147.48億元3%的罰款，計(jì)34.42億元，并要求其進(jìn)行全面整改。

【詞匯講解】

“濫用市場(chǎng)支配地位”除了上文中的abuse dominant market position以外，也可以用abuse market dominance表示。Abuse這個(gè)詞可以用作動(dòng)詞或名詞，均表示“濫用，虐待”等意思，比如：power abuse/to abuse power（濫用職權(quán)）、child abuse/to abuse a child（虐待兒童）、drug abuse/abuse drugs（藥物濫用）、verbal abuse/verbally abuse someone（語(yǔ)言暴力）等。

《國(guó)務(wù)院反壟斷委員會(huì)關(guān)于平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的反壟斷指南》中列出的濫用市場(chǎng)支配地位行為表現(xiàn)形式包括：不公平價(jià)格行為、低于成本銷(xiāo)售、拒絕交易、限定交易、搭售或者附加不合理交易條件差別待遇等（unfair pricing, sales below cost, refusal-to-deal, restricted trading, tie-in sales, attaching unreasonable trading conditions and differential treatment）。

市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局成立專(zhuān)案組，依法扎實(shí)高效推進(jìn)案件查辦，廣泛開(kāi)展調(diào)查取證，獲取大量證據(jù)材料并全面深入分析，查明案件事實(shí)；組織專(zhuān)家反復(fù)深入開(kāi)展研究論證；多次聽(tīng)取美團(tuán)陳述意見(jiàn)，保障其合法權(quán)利；確保本案事實(shí)清楚、證據(jù)確鑿、定性準(zhǔn)確、處理恰當(dāng)、手續(xù)完備、程序合法。

China's market watchdog found that, since 2018, Meituan had abused its market position in domestic food delivery services, forcing merchants to sign exclusive cooperation agreements.
經(jīng)查，2018年以來(lái)，美團(tuán)濫用在中國(guó)境內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)餐飲外賣(mài)平臺(tái)服務(wù)市場(chǎng)的支配地位，促使平臺(tái)內(nèi)商家與其簽訂獨(dú)家合作協(xié)議。

The company was also found to have taken multiple punitive measures, including charging merchant deposits and employing technological tactics involving data and algorithms, pressuring those merchants to "pick one out of two" to exclude competitors and limit market competition.
該公司通過(guò)收取獨(dú)家合作保證金和數(shù)據(jù)、算法等技術(shù)手段，采取多種懲罰性措施，保障“二選一”行為實(shí)施，排除、限制了相關(guān)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

Those behaviors have weakened the innovative dynamics and vitality of the platform, and harmed the interests of the platform merchants and consumers, said the SAMR.
上述行為削弱平臺(tái)創(chuàng)新動(dòng)力和發(fā)展活力，損害平臺(tái)內(nèi)商家和消費(fèi)者的合法權(quán)益。

The market watchdog has ordered Meituan to stop illegal activities, return nearly 1.289 billion yuan in deposits paid by merchants to cooperate exclusively with the company's food ordering and delivery platform.
市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局責(zé)令美團(tuán)停止違法行為，全額退還獨(dú)家合作保證金12.89億元。

Meituan has also been ordered to comprehensively rectify its misconduct, including improving the commission charging mechanism and algorithm rules, safeguarding the legitimate interests of small and medium-sized catering businesses on the platform, and strengthening the protection of the lawful rights and interests of the delivery personnel.
同時(shí)，要求其圍繞完善平臺(tái)傭金收費(fèi)機(jī)制和算法規(guī)則、維護(hù)平臺(tái)內(nèi)中小餐飲商家合法利益、加強(qiáng)外賣(mài)騎手合法權(quán)益保護(hù)等進(jìn)行全面整改。

【詞匯講解】

Commission這個(gè)詞，常見(jiàn)的意思是“委員會(huì)”，比如：中央全面依法治國(guó)委員會(huì)（the Commission for Law-based Governance under the CPC Central Committee），中央紀(jì)律檢查委員會(huì)（the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection），國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委員會(huì)（National Health Commission）等，但是在本文的語(yǔ)境中，commission指的是“a fee paid to an agent or employee for transacting a piece of business or performing a service，especially a percentage of the money received from a total paid to the agent responsible for the business”（代理人或員工完成一項(xiàng)交易或服務(wù)后收取的費(fèi)用，尤指從整個(gè)交易費(fèi)用中劃出的一定比例的金錢(qián)收入），也就是“傭金，提成，抽成”等，比如：He gets a commission for each car he sells（他每賣(mài)掉一輛車(chē)就有一份提成收入）。

The company should submit reports on the improvements in its practices over the next three years and accomplish regulated, innovative, healthy and sustainable development, according to the SAMR.
美團(tuán)應(yīng)連續(xù)三年向市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局提交自查合規(guī)報(bào)告，確保整改到位，實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)范創(chuàng)新健康持續(xù)發(fā)展。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)
platform economy

營(yíng)商環(huán)境
business environment

投資環(huán)境
investment environment

市場(chǎng)份額
market share

濫用市場(chǎng)支配地位
abuse of market dominance

“放管服”（簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)）
streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services

參考來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng)

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）