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2021年9月新聞熱詞匯總

中國日報網(wǎng) 2021-10-01 11:00

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神舟十二號載人飛船 Shenzhou XII mission

在天空工作、生活90天后,三位航天員今天安全回家了。

 

The reentry capsule of the Shenzhou XII mission, with mission commander Major General Nie Haisheng, Major General Liu Boming and Senior Colonel Tang Hongbo inside, touched down at 1:34 pm at the Dongfeng Landing Site in the Badain Jaran Desert.
2021年9月17日13點(diǎn)34分,神舟十二號載人飛船返回艙載著航天員聶海勝、劉伯明、湯洪波在巴丹吉林沙漠東風(fēng)著陸場著陸。

三位航天員身體狀態(tài)良好,空間站階段首次載人飛行任務(wù)取得圓滿成功。


The Shenzhou XII spacecraft departed China's Tiangong space station on Thursday morning, carrying three Chinese astronauts on a journey back to Earth, the China Manned Space Agency said. It said in a brief statement that the spacecraft left the station's Tianhe core module at 8:56 am.
據(jù)中國載人航天工程辦公室消息,北京時間2021年9月16日8時56分,神舟十二號載人飛船與空間站天和核心艙成功實(shí)施分離,帶著三位航天員踏上返程之旅。


【知識點(diǎn)】

2021年6月17日9時22分,搭載神舟十二號載人飛船(the Shenzhou XII spacecraft)的長征二號F遙十二運(yùn)載火箭,在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心點(diǎn)火發(fā)射。三名航天員乘坐神舟十二號載人飛船到達(dá)我國空間站核心艙(core module of China's space station)。神舟十二號載人飛船是我國第七次載人飛船任務(wù)(the seventh manned spaceflight)。

在英文報道中,無人航空飛行器、衛(wèi)星、火箭等(unmanned space vessels, satellites, rockets)的編號一般用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,而載人飛行器(manned spacecraft)的編號一般用羅馬數(shù)字,比如,“嫦娥五號”的英文是Chang'e-5,而我國首個載人飛船“神舟五號”的英文是Shenzhou V。


中國載人航天工程辦公室介紹,


Before their departure, the astronauts-mission commander Major General Nie Haisheng, Major General Liu Boming and Senior Colonel Tang Hongbo-configured the space station, transmitted some experimental data back to ground control and arranged materials inside the station, with assistance from ground support professionals.
分離前,航天員聶海勝、劉伯明、湯洪波在地面科技人員的配合下,完成了空間站組合體狀態(tài)設(shè)置、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)整理下傳、留軌物資清理轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)等撤離前各項(xiàng)工作。


The Shenzhou XII spaceship completed circumnavigation and radial rendezvous tests at 1:38 pm (Beijing Time) Thursday. The tests successfully verified the radial rendezvous technology, laying an important technical foundation for the following manned missions.
神舟十二號載人飛船于北京時間2021年9月16日13時38分,與空間站組合體完成繞飛及徑向交會試驗(yàn),成功驗(yàn)證了徑向交會技術(shù),為后續(xù)載人飛行任務(wù)奠定了重要技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。

【知識點(diǎn)】

徑向交會對接(radial rendezvous and docking)指載人飛船以垂直的方式,從下面和空間站組合體進(jìn)行交會對接。神舟十三號就要以這種方式與空間站組合體進(jìn)行交會對接,這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的難度非常大,到目前為止沒有在太空當(dāng)中驗(yàn)證過,所以神舟十二號在回家之前要對這項(xiàng)技術(shù)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。


By Thursday morning, the crew had been in space for 90 days, almost two times longer than the Shenzhou XI mission, which saw Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong spend 33 days in orbit.
截至9月16日早晨,神舟十二號航天組在空間站生活了90天,幾乎是神舟十一號任務(wù)在軌時間的三倍,當(dāng)時航天員景海鵬和陳冬在軌生活了33天。

 


“一起向未來”!“Together for a Shared Future”!

在北京冬奧會開幕倒計(jì)時140天之際,北京冬奧會、冬殘奧會主題口號正式對外發(fā)布——

“一起向未來”!

“Together for a Shared Future”!

 

這是中國向世界發(fā)出的誠摯邀約,傳遞出14億中國人民的美好期待:在奧林匹克精神的感召下,與世界人民攜手共進(jìn)、守望相助、共創(chuàng)美好未來。

在全球應(yīng)對新冠肺炎疫情的大背景下,北京冬奧會主題口號發(fā)出的聲音是匯聚、是共享、是未來。

“一起(Together)”展現(xiàn)了人類在面對困境時的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)姿態(tài),指明了戰(zhàn)勝困難、開創(chuàng)未來的成功之道。“向未來(for a Shared Future)”表達(dá)了人類對美好明天的憧憬,傳遞了信心和希望;

“一起向未來(Together for a Shared Future)”是態(tài)度、是倡議、更是行動方案,倡導(dǎo)追求團(tuán)結(jié)、和平、進(jìn)步、包容的共同目標(biāo),是更快、更高、更強(qiáng)、更團(tuán)結(jié)奧林匹克精神的中國宣揚(yáng),表達(dá)了世界需要攜手走向美好未來的共同愿望。

 

北京證券交易所 Beijing Stock Exchange

9月17日,北京證券交易所發(fā)布《北京證券交易所投資者適當(dāng)性管理辦法(試行)》。辦法明確,北京證券交易所個人投資者準(zhǔn)入的資金門檻為證券資產(chǎn)50萬元,機(jī)構(gòu)投資者準(zhǔn)入不設(shè)置資金門檻。

Individual investors eligible for the new stock exchange in Beijing should have at least two years of experience in securities investment. Their average daily securities assets should be no less than 500,000 yuan in the 20 trading days before they are allowed to trade on the bourse, according to the regulation.
辦法明確,個人投資者準(zhǔn)入門檻為開通交易權(quán)限前20個交易日日均證券資產(chǎn)50萬元,同時具備2年以上證券投資經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

【詞匯講解】

這里的bourse其實(shí)就是stock exchange(證券交易所)的意思,只不過這個詞在歐洲大陸(英國除外)更常用,比如:Euronext is an alliance between the Paris, Brussels, and Amsterdam bourses.(泛歐交易所是巴黎、布魯塞爾和阿姆斯特丹交易所合并設(shè)立的。)


Along with the regulation, the Beijing Stock Exchange (BSE) has started guiding securities companies to improve related systems and procedures, and preparing investors for account opening, in a bid to deepen the reform of the New Third Board and ensure a sound opening of the bourse.
與規(guī)則發(fā)布同步,北京證券交易所已著手指導(dǎo)各證券公司制定完善適當(dāng)性管理的制度流程,有序推進(jìn)投資者預(yù)約開戶,為深化新三板改革、北京證券交易所平穩(wěn)開市創(chuàng)造良好條件。


Qualified investors can now make an appointment with brokerages to apply for BSE trading access.
符合條件的投資者可向其委托的證券公司申請預(yù)約開通北京證券交易所交易權(quán)限。


【背景知識】

近期,我國決定深化新三板改革(deepen the reform of the New Third Board),設(shè)立北京證券交易所(Beijing Stock Exchange),打造服務(wù)創(chuàng)新型中小企業(yè)主陣地(the primary platform serving innovation-oriented SMEs)。

新三板(the New Third Board),即“全國中小企業(yè)股份轉(zhuǎn)讓系統(tǒng)”(the National Equities Exchange and Quotations,NEEQ),是經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn),依據(jù)證券法設(shè)立的繼上交所、深交所之后第三家全國性證券交易場所,也是我國第一家公司制運(yùn)營的證券交易場所。其市場定位是主要為創(chuàng)新型、創(chuàng)業(yè)型、成長型中小企業(yè)發(fā)展服務(wù)。

具有新三板創(chuàng)新層和基礎(chǔ)層交易權(quán)限的投資者(investors with trading access to innovation layer and basic layer of the New Third Board),其交易權(quán)限范圍將包含北京證券交易所股票。

 

2021年全球創(chuàng)新指數(shù) Global Innovation Index (GII) 2021

9月20日,世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織發(fā)布《2021年全球創(chuàng)新指數(shù)報告》。

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)'s "Global Innovation Index (GII) 2021" shows that China has made continuous progress from ranking 14th last year to 12th this year and is now "knocking at the door of the GII top 10," which "underlines the continued importance of governmental policies and incentives to stimulate innovation."
世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織(WIPO)發(fā)布的《2021年全球創(chuàng)新指數(shù)報告》顯示,2021年中國創(chuàng)新指數(shù)在全球排名第12位,較2020年上升2位,排名連續(xù)穩(wěn)步上升。最新排名已接近進(jìn)入前十名之列,彰顯了政府決策和激勵措施對于促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新的重要性。

【知識點(diǎn)】

全球創(chuàng)新指數(shù)(Global Innovation Index)由世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織(WIPO)自2007年開始發(fā)布,已經(jīng)成為國際上關(guān)于創(chuàng)新和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)水平的權(quán)威報告。報告通過政策環(huán)境(institutions)、人力資本與研究(human capital and research)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(infrastructure)、市場成熟度(market sophistication)、商業(yè)成熟度(business sophistication)、知識與技術(shù)產(chǎn)出(knowledge and technology outputs)、創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)出(creative outputs)等七大類81項(xiàng)指標(biāo),對全球132個經(jīng)濟(jì)體的綜合創(chuàng)新能力進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)衡量。


Since 2013, China has moved up the GII ranks consistently and steadily, being the only middle-income economy in the list and establishing itself as a global innovation leader.
自2013年以來,中國的全球創(chuàng)新指數(shù)排名連續(xù)穩(wěn)步上升,目前仍是前30名中唯一的中等收入經(jīng)濟(jì)體,已經(jīng)確立了作為全球創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)先者之一的地位。


分項(xiàng)指標(biāo)表現(xiàn)

The number of China's patents by origin, scaled by gross domestic product (GDP), is higher than those of Japan, Germany and the United States, and is even more impressive when considered in absolute terms. The same is true for the number of trademarks and industrial designs by origin as a percentage of GDP.
中國的本國人專利數(shù)量在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的規(guī)模高于日本、德國和美國。按絕對價值計(jì)算,表現(xiàn)還要更好。本國人商標(biāo)和工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)量在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的占比表現(xiàn)也很亮眼。


In terms of innovation clusters geographically, the top 10 list remains the same as last year with only minor shifts. Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou and Beijing now rank second and third, respectively, after the Tokyo-Yokohama cluster in Japan. Shanghai ranks eighth. Of the top 100 clusters, China has 19.
在全球“最佳科技集群”排名中,前十名的位次與去年相比,僅有微小變動。日本東京—橫濱地區(qū)排名第一,中國深圳—香港—廣州地區(qū)和北京分別位列第二、三位,上海排名第八。全球100個領(lǐng)先的科技集群,有19個在中國。


As in past years, Switzerland, Sweden, the United States and the United Kingdom continue to lead the innovation ranking. Other countries in the GII top 10 include South Korea, the Netherlands, Finland, Singapore, Denmark and Germany.
與往年一樣,瑞士、瑞典、美國以及英國占據(jù)創(chuàng)新指數(shù)榜單前四位,位列前十的其他幾個國家分別是韓國、荷蘭、芬蘭、新加坡、丹麥和德國。

 

中國農(nóng)民豐收節(jié) Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival

9月23日是農(nóng)歷秋分,也是第四個“中國農(nóng)民豐收節(jié)”。

 

A series of events ranging from art performances and farmers' sports meetings to calligraphy and painting exhibitions are being held across the country to mark the fourth Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival on Thursday.
全國各地組織藝術(shù)表演、農(nóng)民運(yùn)動會以及書畫展等一系列活動慶祝第四個“中國農(nóng)民豐收節(jié)”。

【知識點(diǎn)】

經(jīng)黨中央批準(zhǔn)、國務(wù)院批復(fù),自2018年起我國將每年農(nóng)歷秋分設(shè)立為“中國農(nóng)民豐收節(jié)”(Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival),這是第一個專為農(nóng)民設(shè)立的節(jié)日。

 

為何將“中國農(nóng)民豐收節(jié)”設(shè)立在秋分(autumn equinox)?

從節(jié)氣上看,春種秋收,春華秋實(shí),秋分時節(jié)碩果累累,最能體現(xiàn)豐收(it's the best time to celebrate the harvest)。

從區(qū)域上看,我國地域遼闊、物產(chǎn)豐富,各地收獲的時節(jié)有所不同,但多數(shù)地方都在秋季(Although climates and crops differ in various parts of China, most crops mature in autumn),秋收作物是大頭。

從民俗上看,我們國家有十幾個少數(shù)民族有慶祝豐收的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日(ethnic groups in China have their own festivals at harvest time),大多都在下半年。在國家層面設(shè)立一個各民族共同參與、共慶豐收的節(jié)日,有利于促進(jìn)中華民族大家庭的和睦團(tuán)結(jié)和發(fā)展(to enhance harmony and development of the Chinese nation)。


山西運(yùn)城

The city government said its celebrations include a livestreaming session aimed at promoting local farm produce and an exhibition of fertilizers, high-yield seeds and other agricultural materials.
當(dāng)?shù)卣硎?,今年的慶?;顒影ㄍ茝V當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)產(chǎn)品的直播活動,以及肥料、高產(chǎn)良種和其他農(nóng)資產(chǎn)品展覽。


黑龍江黑河

The festivities were combined with local traditions of the ethnic Daur people-such as dancing around bonfires-in a bid to boost local tourism.
豐收節(jié)慶?;顒优c當(dāng)?shù)剡_(dá)斡爾族傳統(tǒng)活動結(jié)合,舉辦篝火晚會等活動,以促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)芈糜螛I(yè)發(fā)展。

今年秋糧豐收的基本面仍然較好

Figures from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs showed the autumn grain growing area is about 86 million hectares this year and is bracing for a bumper harvest.
農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,今年我國秋糧種植面積約為8600萬公頃,將迎來豐收。


To ensure a bumper harvest, the central government allocated 20 billion yuan in subsidies to farmers amid a hike in the prices of seeds and fertilizers in spring.
為確保糧食豐收,中央政府劃撥200億元農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼幫助農(nóng)民應(yīng)對春季化肥和種子價格上漲。


Central and local authorities also spent 3 billion yuan on the control of wheat pests and diseases to secure grain production and managed to cap the damage rate below 5 percent.
中央和地方政府還劃撥30億元用于農(nóng)作物病蟲害防治,以保證糧食生產(chǎn),并將農(nóng)作物毀損率控制在5%以下。

【單詞講解】

Cap這個詞大家都認(rèn)識,本意是“帽子”,尤指那種帶帽舌的帽子,比如baseball cap(棒球帽)。在這里,cap作為動詞使用,表示“對...進(jìn)行限制”,相當(dāng)于set a limit on/put a ceiling/impose a cap on,比如,Their salary was capped at 10,000 yuan per month./The management team put a salary cap of 10,000 yuan on them.(他們的月薪不能超過1萬元。)而且這里的限制一般都指“上限”,因?yàn)閏eiling和cap都在我們的頭頂,在某件事上加了個天花板或者帽子,其實(shí)就是相當(dāng)于“給某事設(shè)了一個上限”。

 

In recent years, central authorities have also been ramping up construction of "high-standard farmland" for large mechanical farming.
近年來,中央政府部門還大力推進(jìn)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè),用于大規(guī)模機(jī)械化耕種。

Such grain growing areas had reached 53.3 million hectares as of last year and will surpass 80 million hectares by 2030. They will increase yields by 10 to 20 percent and cut costs by 7,500 yuan a hectare.
去年,高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田種植面積已經(jīng)達(dá)到5330萬公頃,到2030年將超過8000萬公頃。此類農(nóng)田每公頃產(chǎn)量將增加10%到20%、成本下降7500元。

 

新冠疫苗加強(qiáng)針 booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine

浙江、河南以及廣東地區(qū)的衛(wèi)生健康部門先后發(fā)布信息表示,將從本月起啟動新冠疫苗加強(qiáng)針的接種。

Guangdong, Zhejiang and Henan provinces will start administering booster doses of vaccine to residents this month to strengthen their immunity to COVID-19 as sporadic outbreaks are reported in some parts of China. Those targeted for a third dose are people aged 18 to 59 who received two doses of inactivated coronavirus vaccine at least six months ago, authorities said.
近期,國內(nèi)部分地區(qū)報告新冠肺炎散發(fā)病例,廣東、浙江以及河南省將從本月起開始新冠疫苗加強(qiáng)針接種工作,以加強(qiáng)民眾的免疫力。第三針接種將面向已完成兩劑次滅活疫苗接種6個月以上的18-59歲人群。

【知識點(diǎn)】

所謂疫苗加強(qiáng)針(booster shot/booster dose),是指在完成疫苗接種后,根據(jù)抗體消退的情況進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充接種,保持人體對病毒免疫力的疫苗劑次。這里的核心詞booster,來源于動詞boost,主要表示“加強(qiáng)、促進(jìn)、推動”等意思,比如boost production(促生產(chǎn)),boost morale(提振士氣)等,在這里表示“increase or renew the effect of the vaccine”,即“增強(qiáng)疫苗產(chǎn)生的效果”。

 

廣東汕尾:六類重點(diǎn)人群可接種加強(qiáng)針

The city health commission in Shanwei, Guangdong province, said on Thursday that priority for the booster shot will be given to front-line personnel at medical institutions and workers in government departments, law enforcement, public services, customs, border ports, harbors, the cold-chain industry and those who want to study or work abroad.
廣東省汕尾市衛(wèi)健部門9月23日表示,將面向一線醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生人員,政府機(jī)關(guān)、執(zhí)法部門、公共服務(wù)、海關(guān)、口岸、冷鏈等行業(yè)工作人員,以及出國工作學(xué)習(xí)人員等重點(diǎn)人群開展加強(qiáng)針接種。


加強(qiáng)針效果如何?

Research has shown that a person's antibody level will be increased more than tenfold if a third dose of vaccine is given more than six months after the second, and that immunity will be maintained at a relatively high level for another six months.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),接種疫苗第二劑后6個月再接種一劑,抗體水平增幅達(dá)到十多倍。 接種后,再過6個月還能維持在比較高的水平。

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