9月熱詞有：2021服貿(mào)會，我國首個教育督導問責指導意見，文娛領(lǐng)域綜合治理，東京殘奧會閉幕，多部門約談重點網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲企業(yè)和平臺，杭州亞運會火炬形象，內(nèi)地與香港債券市場互聯(lián)互通（債券通）南向合作（簡稱“南向通”）上線，神舟十二號載人飛船三名航天員安全返回，北京冬奧會、冬殘奧會主題口號發(fā)布，關(guān)鍵防疫政策發(fā)布。

2021年中國國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易交易會 2021 China International Fair for Trade in Services

2021年中國國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易交易會于9月2日在京開幕。

The 2021 China International Fair for Trade in Services is going to be held both offline and online from Thursday to Sept 7 in Beijing. Participants from about 153 countries and regions are attending this global event.
9月2日至7日，2021年中國國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易交易會將以線上線下結(jié)合的方式在北京舉行。約153個國家和地區(qū)的參展商將參加此次全球盛會。

【知識點】

根據(jù)世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）的界定，服務(wù)貿(mào)易（trade in services）有12大領(lǐng)域，包括商業(yè)服務(wù)（business services）、通訊服務(wù)（communication services）、建筑及相關(guān)工程服務(wù)（construction and related services）、金融服務(wù)（financial services）、旅游及旅行相關(guān)服務(wù)（tourism and related services）、娛樂文化與體育服務(wù)（entertainment, culture and sports services）、運輸服務(wù)(transport services )、健康與社會服務(wù)（health and social services）、教育服務(wù)（educational services）、分銷服務(wù)（distribution services）、環(huán)境服務(wù)（environmental services）及其他服務(wù)。

中國國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易交易會（China International Fair for Trade in Services，CIFTIS）的前身是“京交會”（China (Beijing) International Fair for Trade in Services/Beijing Fair），自2012年首屆舉辦以來已8年。作為服務(wù)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域的龍頭展會，服貿(mào)會同廣交會、進博會一起成為中國對外開放的三大展會。

2021年服貿(mào)會把握數(shù)字經(jīng)濟（digital economy）、碳達峰（carbon emission peaking）、碳中和（carbon neutrality）等全球熱點趨勢，突出服務(wù)開放合作促進世界經(jīng)濟復蘇，主題為“數(shù)字開啟未來，服務(wù)促進發(fā)展（Towards Digital Future and Service-Driven Development）”。圍繞主題將舉辦全球服務(wù)貿(mào)易峰會（Global Trade in Services Summit）、論壇和會議、展覽展示、推介洽談（promotion and negotiation）、成果發(fā)布、邊會6類活動。

打造“雙展區(qū)”

Apart from the traditional venue of the China National Convention Center, some CIFTIS events will take place in Shougang Park, a new city landmark, once a vacated industrial site in Shijingshan district,Beijing.
除常規(guī)舉辦地點國家會議中心外，本屆服貿(mào)會部分活動將安排在北京首鋼園舉行。首鋼園位于北京市石景山區(qū)，曾經(jīng)是一處空置的工業(yè)園區(qū)，如今是北京市的一個城市新地標。

首次設(shè)置數(shù)字服務(wù)專區(qū)

The China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS) will feature a special section for digital services for the first time, organizers said.
組織方表示，本屆服貿(mào)會將首次設(shè)置數(shù)字服務(wù)專區(qū)。

Leading international and domestic digital services enterprises will make use of the section to showcase their latest technologies, achievements and applications, said the organizing committee.
國內(nèi)外領(lǐng)先的數(shù)字服務(wù)企業(yè)將在專區(qū)展示他們最新的技術(shù)、成果以及應(yīng)用。

金融服務(wù)專題展外國參展方數(shù)量增加

The CIFTIS hosted 43 foreign financial institutions at the financial services exhibition in 2020, and this year saw the addition of 16 more.
2020年服貿(mào)會金融服務(wù)專題展有43家外國金融機構(gòu)參展，今年的外國參展商數(shù)量增加了16家。

A total of 143 financial institutions signed up for this year's event, including 84 domestic firms. Foreign names include Morgan Stanley, Mastercard and DBS Bank.
目前共有143家金融組織、機構(gòu)、企業(yè)報名參加今年的服貿(mào)會，其中包括84家國內(nèi)金融組織、機構(gòu)、企業(yè)。國外參展方有摩根士丹利、萬事達以及星展銀行等。

教育督導問責辦法 guideline on education inspection and accountability

國務(wù)院教育督導委員會印發(fā)《教育督導問責辦法》，自9月1日起正式施行。

This is China's first guideline on education inspection and accountability which aims to ensure the country's educational laws, regulations, guidelines and policies can be properly implemented at the grassroots.
這是我國首個教育督導問責指導意見，旨在確保我國的教育法規(guī)、指導意見和政策在基層能夠妥善執(zhí)行。

【詞匯講解】

這里的accountability就是“問責”，也可以理解為“責任制”，《劍橋英語詞典》的解釋為“a situation in which someone is responsible for things that happen and can give a satisfactory reason for them”（有人能為發(fā)生的事情負責并給出一個令人滿意的解釋），這個詞來源于accountable，常見的搭配是hold someone accountable（讓某人承擔責任），比如：He knew he would be held accountable for any flaws in the programming.（他知道自己要為程序中出現(xiàn)的所有失誤負責）。

問誰的責？

Local governments, related departments, schools and other educational institutions, as well as related staff members, shall be held accountable for activities that hamper the development of education, it said.
辦法明確，地方政府及有關(guān)職能部門、各類學校和其他教育機構(gòu)以及有關(guān)工作人員如存在阻礙教育發(fā)展的問題，按規(guī)定進行問責。

問什么責？

The guideline categorizes those activities into six types: lack of resolve and commitment in implementing national education policies, poor fulfillment of educational responsibilities, delay in completion of education tasks, irregularities in running educational institutions, major decreases in education quality and multiple safety concerns or opposition to education inspection.
辦法明確的問責內(nèi)容主要包括六類情形：一是貫徹落實國家教育政策不堅決不徹底。二是履行教育職責不到位。三是教育攻堅任務(wù)完成嚴重滯后。四是辦學行為不規(guī)范。五是教育教學質(zhì)量下降。六是安全問題較多或拒不接受教育督導。

怎么問責？

Higher-level government inspection offices can hold lower-level governments and public schools accountable through public criticism, having talks and administrative punishment.
上級政府督導辦公室針對下級政府及公辦學校，主要采取公開批評、約談、行政處罰等問責方式。

The main administrators of lower governments and public schools can be held accountable through having talks, name and shame, administrative punishment, or being handed over to law enforcement authorities and supervisory commissions, it said.
針對下級政府及公辦學校的責任人，主要采取約談、通報批評、組織處理、移交監(jiān)察機關(guān)或司法機關(guān)等問責方式。

In addition to those punishments, private schools and tutoring institutions can be fined, ordered to stop student enrollment, and have their operating permits and business licenses revoked.
此外，針對民辦學校和教育培訓機構(gòu)責任人，還可采取依法罰沒違法所得、責令停止招生，以及吊銷從業(yè)許可證等問責方式。

2020年督導任務(wù)主要關(guān)注“義務(wù)教育教師平均工資收入不低于當?shù)毓珓?wù)員”目標。

China has ensured that the salaries of public primary and middle school teachers are not lower than those of local government officials in the same region, the Ministry of Education said on Wednesday.
教育部9月1日表示，全國已落實“義務(wù)教育教師平均工資收入水平不低于當?shù)毓珓?wù)員平均工資收入水平”目標。

國務(wù)院教育督導委員會辦公室主任、教育部教育督導局局長田祖蔭介紹，

All local governments are working on establishing a mechanism for adjusting the salaries of teachers in primary and middle schools in line with those of government officials.
各地政府正在建立義務(wù)教育教師工資收入隨當?shù)毓珓?wù)員待遇調(diào)整的聯(lián)動機制。

文娛產(chǎn)業(yè) culture and entertainment industry

針對流量至上、“飯圈”亂象、違法失德等文娛領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)的問題，中央宣傳部近日印發(fā)《關(guān)于開展文娛領(lǐng)域綜合治理工作的通知》。

According to the circular issued by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, China's rapidly-growing culture and entertainment industry is still troubled with various negative phenomena such as excessively high payment of entertainers, tax evasion, excessive focus on viewership, and undesirable fan culture.
中宣部印發(fā)的通知指出，隨著文娛產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，明星天價片酬、偷逃稅、流量至上以及“飯圈”亂象等問題迭出。

通知明確：

Online platforms should enhance their oversight and management of registered accounts and guard against activities to fake viewership data, it said.
平臺應(yīng)加強對注冊賬號的監(jiān)管，打擊各種形式的流量造假行為。

Content reviews of entertainment shows should improve, said the circular, adding that minors are prohibited from participating in idol-making programs.
嚴管綜藝節(jié)目內(nèi)容審核，嚴禁選用未成年人參加選秀類節(jié)目。

Gaming platforms must assume primary responsibility to install anti-addiction systems and improve real-name registration technology, it said.
壓實游戲平臺主體責任，推進防沉迷系統(tǒng)接入，完善實名驗證技術(shù)。

Penalties should be increased for actors who have engaged in illegal or unethical behavior, and agencies which condone such behaviors promptly punished, said the circular.
加大對違法失德藝人的懲處，及時對縱容違法失德行為的經(jīng)紀公司等機構(gòu)進行懲戒。

The ideological and moral education of children should be beefed up and they should be forbidden from joining "idol" groups and offline support activities, the circular added.
加強青少年思想道德教育，禁止義務(wù)教育階段未成年人參加偶像團組和線下應(yīng)援活動。

9月2日，國家廣播電視總局發(fā)布公告，要求進一步加強文藝節(jié)目及其人員管理，從嚴整治藝人違法失德、“飯圈”亂象等問題，樹立崇德尚藝的行業(yè)風氣。

The selection of actors and guests should be carefully controlled, with political literacy and moral conduct included as criteria, the National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA) said, adding that actors and guests should be encouraged to participate in public welfare programs and assume social responsibilities.
廣電總局明確，節(jié)目演員和嘉賓選用上要嚴格把關(guān)，選用標準要包括政治素養(yǎng)和道德品行。倡導鼓勵演員和嘉賓擔當社會責任，參與公益性節(jié)目。

The NRTA said it will bolster regulation of entertainers' payments and punish anyone who is involved in payment irregularity, dual contract and tax evasion.
廣電總局表示，將嚴格片酬管理，嚴肅懲戒片酬違規(guī)、“陰陽合同”、偷逃稅行為。

The notice further said that programs portraying "effeminate" behavior and other content deemed "warped" should be stopped, along with shows built around scandals, ostentatious wealth and "vulgar" internet celebrities.
堅決杜絕“娘炮”等行為，抵制炒作炫富享樂、緋聞隱私、低俗“網(wǎng)紅”、無底線審丑等泛娛樂化傾向。

【詞匯講解】

Effeminate這個詞在英語詞典中的解釋是“not manly in appearance or manner”（外表或行為舉止不夠男性化），也就是上文所說的“娘炮”。由此我們可以舉一反三，effeminate的近義詞可以是unmanly，反義詞是manly。此外，英語中還有一個更專業(yè)的詞表示“男性的”，就是masculine，比如：a masculine voice（一個男性的聲音），這個詞強調(diào)的是“having qualities appropriate to or usually associated with a man”（通常與男性相關(guān)或與之匹配的特征），即“男性化的，有男子氣概的”，這個詞加上前綴un就可以變成它的反義詞unmasculine，即“不夠男性化的，沒有男子氣概的”，比如：unmasculine clothing（不夠男性化的著裝）。

Unhealthy fan culture should be deterred and strict controls placed on programs with voting segments, it said, and any that encourage fans to spend money on voting should be forbidden.
堅決抵制不良“飯圈”文化。選秀類節(jié)目要嚴格控制投票環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)置，嚴禁引導、鼓勵粉絲變相花錢投票。

東京殘奧會 Tokyo Paralympic Games

With the extinguishing of the flame in the caldron, the Tokyo Paralympic Games closed on Sunday night, with Team China winning 207 medals to top the tally.The Chinese athletes－40 percent of them first-time Paralympians－won 96 gold medals, 60 silvers and 51 bronzes.
9月5日晚，隨著圣火熄滅，東京殘奧會落下帷幕。中國代表團以96金60銀51銅、共207枚獎牌的成績名列獎牌榜榜首。中國代表團中有40%的運動員為首次參加殘奧會。

Great Britain trailed in second place with 124 medals, followed by the United States and the Russian Paralympic Committee.
英國隊以124枚獎牌位列第二，美國和俄羅斯緊隨其后。

It was the fifth consecutive time that Team China dominated the Paralympics－it first topped the ranking in 2004 with 63 golds.
自2004年，中國隊以63枚金牌位列獎牌榜第一名以來，這是中國代表團連續(xù)第五次登上殘奧會獎牌榜榜首。

東京殘奧會閉幕式的理念為“和諧之聲（Harmonious Cacophony）”，約2000名運動員和官員、850位奧運官員及嘉賓，以及2250名媒體工作人員參加了閉幕式。輪椅女籃運動員張雪梅擔任中國代表團閉幕式旗手。

國際殘奧委會主席帕森斯在閉幕式致辭中稱，

The Tokyo Paralympic Games have "not just been historic, they have been fantastic."
東京殘奧會，不僅具有歷史意義，而且非常精彩。

"In 12 magical days, athletes gave the world confidence, happiness and hope," the IPC chief added. "Athletes broke records. Athletes warmed hearts. Athletes opened minds. Athletes changed lives."
在這12個神奇的日子里，運動員們?yōu)槭澜鐜砹诵判?、幸福和希望。紀錄被他們打破，每顆心因他們而溫暖，眼界因他們而開闊，命運因他們而改變。

東京奧組委主席橋本圣子在致辭中表示：

She was "overwhelmed" by the astonishing performances of all Paralympians, adding "your impact as Paralympians have a message for all of us. You have inspired many of us to start our own new journeys. You have given us the insight and the power to look at ourselves and shape our own futures."
她被每一位殘奧運動員的精彩表現(xiàn)所折服，“你們的行為給我們所有人傳遞了一種信息，激勵很多人開啟新的旅程。你們帶給我們重新審視自己的洞見和力量，讓我們可以重新規(guī)劃自己的未來?！?/p>

"I am so glad we hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Games. I believe in the value they bring," said Hashimoto. "In 2024, athletes and sports lovers all over the world will be united again. We send the city of Paris our sincerest good wishes for a successful Paris 2024 Games. We will meet again soon."
“我很高興我們舉辦了奧運會和殘奧會。我相信這兩個盛會帶來的價值。2024年，運動員和體育愛好者們將重聚。我們衷心祝愿巴黎成功舉辦2024年奧運會。我們到時候再見?！?/p>

當天，中共中央、國務(wù)院向第16屆殘奧會中國體育代表團發(fā)了賀電。

賀電表示：

The Paralympians have demonstrated how they challenged their limits with determination and resilience, the letter said.
運動員們充分展示了新時代我國殘疾人運動員挑戰(zhàn)極限、銳意進取、頑強拼搏的精神風貌。

"Your brilliant performance has set an example for many Chinese with disabilities, added luster to the cause of sports for people with disabilities and won glory for the nation," it said.
你們的精彩表現(xiàn)為廣大殘疾人樹立了榜樣，為殘奧事業(yè)增了彩，為祖國爭了光。

The letter called them a national inspiration as China works to build itself into a "modern socialist country" by 2035, and it asked them to pass down the glory and make continuous efforts.
你們的優(yōu)異成績?yōu)槿h全國各族人民在全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家新征程上團結(jié)奮斗、凝心聚力注入了精神力量。希望你們繼續(xù)發(fā)揚殘疾人體育的光榮傳統(tǒng)，再接再厲。

It also encouraged them to inspire China's disabled community to have more self-esteem, confidence, self-improvement and independence in the face of daily challenges, and to become more involved in social affairs and make their due contributions to rejuvenating the Chinese nation, the letter added.
鼓舞和激勵廣大殘疾人自尊、自信、自強、自立，勇于面對挑戰(zhàn)，更好融入社會，為實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興的中國夢貢獻更大力量。

政府指導價 government-guided pricing mechanism

國家發(fā)展改革委9月6日發(fā)布通知，明確要加強義務(wù)教育階段學科類校外培訓收費監(jiān)管。

China is to adopt a government-guided pricing mechanism for curriculum-based off-campus tutoring courses for students at the stage of compulsory education, the notice said.
通知指出，我國將對義務(wù)教育階段學科類校外培訓收費實行政府指導價。

【知識點】

《關(guān)于進一步明確義務(wù)教育階段校外培訓學科類和非學科類范圍的通知》明確，義務(wù)教育階段校外培訓學科類培訓（curriculum-based off-campus tutoring courses）指根據(jù)國家義務(wù)教育階段課程設(shè)置的規(guī)定，道德與法治、語文、歷史、地理、數(shù)學、外語（英語、日語、俄語）、物理、化學、生物等學科的校外培訓。

As institutions offering such services are categorized as non-profit organizations, the government will set the basic fee standards and floating range for both online and off-line classes.
義務(wù)教育階段線上和線下學科類校外培訓屬于非營利性機構(gòu)，由政府制定基準收費標準和浮動幅度。

通知要求，以平均培訓成本（average cost of tutoring courses）為基礎(chǔ)，統(tǒng)籌考慮當?shù)亟?jīng)濟發(fā)展水平（local economic development）、學生家庭承受能力（affordability for families）等因素，合理制定基準收費標準和浮動幅度。

The upward floating range set by local governments should be capped at 10 percent.
各地制定的浮動幅度，上浮不得超過10%。

要區(qū)分線上和線下以及不同班型，分類制定標準課程時長的基準收費標準。

Class sizes in tutoring institutions can be categorized in the following ways: class with less than 10 students, class with 10 to 35 students, and class with more than 35 students.
班型主要可分為10人以下、10至35人、35人以上三種類型。

The standard course period for online tutoring is 30 minutes, and 45 minutes for offline.
標準課程時長，線上為30分鐘，線下為45分鐘。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲企業(yè)平臺 online game enterprises and platforms

Chinese authorities on Wednesday summoned leading online game enterprises and platforms, including Tencent and NetEase, for talks. These authorities include the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, the National Press and Publication Administration (NPPA), the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission, and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
9月8日，中央宣傳部、國家新聞出版署有關(guān)負責人會同中央網(wǎng)信辦、文化和旅游部等部門，對騰訊、網(wǎng)易等重點網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲企業(yè)和平臺進行約談。

【詞匯講解】

“Summon someone for a talk/meeting”就是“約談某人”的意思，summon本身的意思就是“to order someone to come to or be present at a particular place, or to officially arrange a meeting of people”（命令某人到某個地方，或者安排正式會面）。作為行政執(zhí)法措施，“約談”也可以用regulatory talk表示，指承擔經(jīng)濟社會有關(guān)領(lǐng)域監(jiān)督管理職責的行政執(zhí)法機關(guān)（supervisory and administrative organs），針對出現(xiàn)的問題，在事先約定的時間、地點與作為當事人的公民、法人或者其他組織進行溝通交流，以警示、告誡（warning or admonishment）等方式，督促其遵紀守法（urge law-abidingness），引導當事人采取自愿的作為或者不作為，盡量避免違法問題發(fā)生或者擴大，維護公共利益（safeguard public interest）。

除此之外，summon還可以表示“（法庭）傳喚”，比如，He was summoned to court for traffic violation./He received a court summon for traffic violation.Summon還可以表示“鼓起（勇氣）、振作（精神）”的意思，常用的搭配是summon the courage to do something（鼓起勇氣做某事），比如：It took him three months to summon the courage to tell her that he likes her.（他用了三個月才鼓起勇氣向她表白。）

約談強調(diào)，各網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲企業(yè)和平臺要嚴格落實通知各項要求，

They were required to fully and faithfully impose the time limit on underage gamers and banned from providing online game account trading services for minors.
不折不扣執(zhí)行向未成年人提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的時段時長限制，不得以任何形式向未成年人提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲賬號租售交易服務(wù)。

The authorities ordered the enterprises and platforms to tighten examination of the contents of their games. Obscene and violent content and those breeding unhealthy tendencies, such as money-worship and effeminacy, should be removed.
要加強網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲內(nèi)容審核把關(guān)，嚴禁含有錯誤價值取向、淫穢色情、血腥恐怖等違法違規(guī)內(nèi)容，堅決抵制拜金主義、“娘炮”等不良文化。

The platforms must also resist unfair competition to prevent excessive market concentration or even monopolies in the industry.
要自覺抵制不正當競爭，防止過度集中甚至壟斷。

They were urged to break from the solitary focus of pursuing profit or viewership and other erroneous tendencies, and change game rules and designs inducing addictions.
要堅決遏制“唯金錢”“唯流量”等錯誤傾向，下決心改變誘導玩家沉迷的各類規(guī)則和玩法設(shè)計。

Restrictions were required on game advertisements involving celebrity endorsement.
要規(guī)范限制明星代言游戲廣告。

The platforms were asked to place stricter management on the services of livestreaming games, including banning large rewards and rewards from minors.
要加強游戲直播管理，禁止出現(xiàn)高額打賞、未成年人打賞等情況。

【詞匯講解】

在關(guān)于“打賞”的英文報道中，我們經(jīng)?？吹降谋硎鍪莟ip和reward。Tip的用法很多，之所以會被用來表示“打賞”，是因為tip用作動詞和名詞的時候，有一個意思是“(pay) a small amount of money to someone who has provided you with a service, in addition to the official payment and for their personal use”（在正常支付賬單之外，給為你提供服務(wù)的人員支付的一小筆額外費用，供其個人使用），即“（付）小費”，比如：He gave the porter a tip/He tipped the porter（他給行李員付了小費）。而reward通常指“something (as money) given or offered in return for a service, good behavior, excellent work, etc.”（對接受的服務(wù)、良好的表現(xiàn)或者出色的工作等行為做出的獎賞、回報），也可以直接用作動詞來表示“獎賞（某人）”，比如：The company rewarded him for his years of service with a grand farewell party and several presents（公司用一個盛大的派對和很多禮物回饋他多年的工作付出）；Salespeople who are willing to work longer hours will receive significant rewards（主動加班的銷售員會拿到豐厚的回報）。

在看直播的過程中，用戶打賞行為多是因為主播的表現(xiàn)好、內(nèi)容吸引人等因素，而不是主播為用戶提供了什么具體的服務(wù)，因此，這里的“打賞”用reward更合適。

中央宣傳部、國家新聞出版署將會同有關(guān)部門和地方加大督查力度，開展專項檢查，嚴肅處理違規(guī)行為；近期將上線防止未成年人沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲舉報平臺（a tipping platform will be launched to prevent online game addiction among minors），及時受理和處置問題線索，對落實不到位的企業(yè)，發(fā)現(xiàn)一起嚴處一起，確保防沉迷工作落到實處、取得實效。

杭州亞運會火炬形象 torch for the Hangzhou 2022 Asian Games

The torch for the Hangzhou 2022 Asian Games was named "Eternal Flame" and its design was inspired by the Liangzhu Culture, which was a testament to the 5000-year-old Chinese civilization.
杭州亞運會火炬名為“薪火”，其設(shè)計思想源自實證中華五千年文明史的良渚文化。

【知識點】

2019年7月，“良渚古城遺址”（Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City）成功列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。以良渚古城為核心的良渚遺址是良渚文明的中心，遺存類型豐富，遺址格局完整，揭示了中華文明國家起源的基本特征，為中華五千多年文明史提供了最完整、最重要的考古學物證（the most concrete testimony of 5,000 years of Chinese civilization）。

The torch was shaped in a way that "grows" from bottom to top, with an overall height of 730 millimeters and a net weight of 1,200 grams.
火炬造型自下而上“生長”，整體高730毫米，凈重1200克。

"Eternal Flame" means that the Chinese civilization was passed on from generation to generation. The torch was characterized by Jade Cong and threaded upon with Chinese heritage, natural sceneries and local customs. The design was intended to shine a more brilliant light on this sacred land of Chinese civilization.
“薪火”，寓意中華文明薪火相傳?；鹁嬉杂耒秊楸碚?，以人文歷史和山川風物為主干，使中華文明圣地閃耀出更加璀璨的光芒。

從具體設(shè)計上來看，

The base of the torch was embossed with eight water veins symbolizing the evolution of civilization and representing the eight major river systems in Zhejiang.
炬基，以八條水脈為文明之脈，代表浙江八大水系。

【知識點】

浙江八大水系指的是錢塘江、甌（ōu）江、椒江、甬（yǒng）江、苕（tiáo）溪、運河、飛云江、鰲江等八條主要河流。

The torch body was designed based on the evolution from dermatoglyphic fingerprint patterns specific to the Liangzhu Culture, which were naturally intertwined and exquisite.
炬身，以良渚螺旋紋為演化，形似指紋，自然交織，精致細密。

The torch head was characterized by the meaning of Jade Cong, one of the ritual jades, showing a harmonious square-round integration, and the burner nozzle was designed from the earliest oracle bone inscription of Jade Cong with the implied meaning of "light traveling in cycle inside".
炬冠，以玉琮語意為特征，方圓相融，昂然而立；出火口設(shè)計源自“琮”最早的甲骨文字形，寓意“光在內(nèi)周而復始”。

The raw materials of the torch were digitally mapped to the blockchain, and the traceability mechanism was used to ensure authenticity. The grip of the torch was made of recycled raw materials, which was eco-friendly, light and easy to hold, and the fuel was heated with biomass gas, which was safe, clean and reliable.
火炬原材料通過區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)，利用可溯源機制確保真實性。握把采用可回收生物質(zhì)材料，環(huán)保輕盈，便于手持；燃料采用生物質(zhì)燃氣，清潔安全可靠。

制造業(yè)增加值 added industrial value of the manufacturing sector

在9月13日召開的國新辦新聞發(fā)布會上，工業(yè)和信息化部部長肖亞慶表示，助力我國全面建成小康社會，網(wǎng)絡(luò)強國、制造強國兩項國家戰(zhàn)略做出了重要貢獻。

The country's manufacturing sector has topped the world for 11 consecutive years since 2010, Xiao said, hailing that the country's position as a manufacturing country has further strengthened.
肖亞慶表示，自2010年以來，我國制造業(yè)已連續(xù)11年位居世界第一。制造業(yè)大國地位進一步鞏固。

The added industrial value of the Chinese manufacturing sector grew from 16.98 trillion yuan in 2012 to 26.6 trillion yuan in 2020. The figure gives Chinese manufacturers a 30-percent-share of the global total-added industrial value.
2012年到2020年，我國制造業(yè)增加值由16.98萬億元增長到26.6萬億元，使中國制造業(yè)增加值占全球比重近30%。

China also boasts the world's most comprehensive industrial system with 41 major industrial categories. More than 40 percent of the outputs of Chinese-manufactured products rank the top of the world among 500 major industrial goods.
我國工業(yè)擁有41個大類，是世界上工業(yè)體系最為健全的國家。在500種主要工業(yè)品中，超過四成產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量位居世界第一。

未來5年推進制造強國、網(wǎng)絡(luò)強國

肖亞慶表示：

China would speed up its new industrialization and informatization process. The country would develop into a "manufacturing powerhouse" and "network powerhouse" through five-year efforts.
我國將加速推進產(chǎn)業(yè)化和信息化進程，用五年的時間建成“制造強國”、“網(wǎng)絡(luò)強國”。

工信部總工程師田玉龍介紹，

Notable breakthroughs would happen in the key sectors focusing on new-generation information technology, new energy, and high-end equipment.These sectors are closely related to the core industry competitiveness.
要在新一代信息技術(shù)、新能源以及高端設(shè)備等與產(chǎn)業(yè)核心競爭力密切相關(guān)的重要領(lǐng)域取得重大突破。

In traditional industries such as engineering, building materials, and chemical sectors, efforts would promote technology levels and build the industrial chain more solidly.
在機械工程、建筑材料以及化工等傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)，將推動技術(shù)水平升級，使產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈更加穩(wěn)固。

對于推動數(shù)字經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，肖亞慶介紹，

The number of 5G terminal connections in China now stands at above 400 million, ranking first worldwide. Its 5G base stations make up over 70 percent of the global total.
我國5G終端用戶突破4億，是全球最大的用戶群體。5G基站全球占比超過70%。

Looking to the future, key technology breakthroughs in sectors such as high-end chips and basic software, and planning of front-tier technology such as quantum information and advanced computing, would strengthen.
未來，要加強高端芯片、基礎(chǔ)軟件等領(lǐng)域的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)攻關(guān)，加強量子信息以及高端計算等前言技術(shù)的方案規(guī)劃。

Meanwhile, the construction of new forms of digital infrastructure and the cultivation of emerging industries such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing would move faster, said the minister.
與此同時，要加快建設(shè)新型數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，加快培育人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)以及云計算等新興行業(yè)。

國家助學貸款 national student loans

財政部、教育部、人民銀行、銀保監(jiān)會聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于進一步完善國家助學貸款政策的通知》。

Undergraduate students can apply for a maximum of 12,000 yuan in loans per person each year starting from this fall semester, according to the notice. Postgraduate students can apply for up to 16,000 yuan each year, up from 12,000 yuan, the notice said.
通知明確，自今年秋季學期起，全日制普通本?？茖W生每人每年申請貸款額度提高至不超過1.2萬元；全日制研究生則由不超過1.2萬元提高至不超過1.6萬元。

【知識點】

目前，國家已經(jīng)建立了覆蓋各教育階段、各級各類學校、所有家庭經(jīng)濟困難學生的資助政策體系（a financial assistance system covering all students from disadvantaged backgrounds at all levels of education）。在高等教育階段，國家獎學金（national scholarship）、國家勵志獎學金（national endeavor scholarship）、國家助學金（national grant）、國家助學貸款（national student loans）、新生入學資助（tuition assistance for freshmen）、勤工助學（part-time jobs for students）、學費減免（tuition reduction or exemption）、補償代償、“綠色通道”等多種資助方式并舉，確保高校家庭經(jīng)濟困難學生順利入學并完成學業(yè)。

財政部部長助理歐文漢介紹，

國家助學貸款（national student loans）為信用貸款（credit loans），不需要抵押（mortgage）或擔保（guarantee），大學生可自主選擇貸款地點，既能在家門口辦理生源地助學貸款，也可以到學校報到的時候辦理校園地助學貸款。在校期間，學生的貸款利息全部由財政補貼（interest of student loans will be covered by subsidies during their school years）。

Students do not need to pay the principal or interest while they are still in college and can apply for a five-year grace period after graduation, during which they only pay the interest.
在校期間，學生無需還本金或利息，畢業(yè)后還可申請5年的還本寬限期，還本寬限期內(nèi)只需還息無需還本。

財政部科教和文化司司長黃家玉表示，

政策規(guī)定的國家助學貸款額度是指每個學生每年最多可以貸到的錢（the maximum amount of student loans），是一個限額，不是固定的數(shù)額。

Within this limit, loan applicants can decide their borrowing amount based on the amount of money they need for tuition and accomodation, and financial situation of their family.
學生可以根據(jù)自己每年需要繳納的學費、住宿費及家庭經(jīng)濟狀況等因素，在額度范圍內(nèi)自主確定。

財政部部長助理歐文漢介紹，

Different forms of financial aid to college students totaled 124.4 billion yuan last year, benefiting 36.78 million students.
2020年，全國各項高等教育學生資助政策共資助學生3678萬人次，資助資金1244億元。

南向通 Southbound trading

為促進內(nèi)地與香港債券市場共同發(fā)展，中國人民銀行、香港金融管理局9月15日發(fā)布聯(lián)合公告，

Southbound trading under the Bond Connect program between the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong will be launched on Sept 24.
內(nèi)地與香港債券市場互聯(lián)互通（債券通）南向合作（簡稱“南向通”）將于2021年9月24日上線。

【知識點】

“債券通”（Bond Connect）是指境內(nèi)外投資者通過香港與內(nèi)地債券市場基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施機構(gòu)連接，買賣兩個市場交易流通債券的機制安排。

2017年7月，中國人民銀行會同香港金融管理局，與各方共同努力推出了“北向通”?！氨毕蛲ā保╪orthbound trading），即香港及其他國家與地區(qū)的境外投資者經(jīng)由香港與內(nèi)地基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施機構(gòu)之間在交易、托管、結(jié)算等方面互聯(lián)互通的機制安排，投資于內(nèi)地銀行間債券市場（allowing Hong Kong and other overseas investors to invest in the China Interbank Bond Market through mutual access between the financial infrastructure institutions in Hong Kong and the mainland with regard to trading, custody, and settlement）。

即將開通的“南向通”（southbound trading），即境內(nèi)投資者經(jīng)由兩地基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施機構(gòu)之間的互聯(lián)互通機制安排，投資于香港債券市場（allowing mainland investors to invest in Hong Kong's bond market through mutual access between the financial infrastructure institutions of the two places）。

不久，符合中國人民銀行要求的境內(nèi)投資者就可以通過“南向通”，投資在境外發(fā)行、并在香港市場交易流通的債券（bonds issued offshore and tradable in the Hong Kong bond market）。

In the initial stage of the program, eligible investors will include a selected number of primary dealers for open market operations in the mainland as approved by the central bank, qualified domestic institutional investors and RMB qualified domestic institutional investors.
初期階段，“南向通”的內(nèi)地投資者暫定為中國人民銀行批準的公開市場業(yè)務(wù)一級交易商中的一些選定機構(gòu)。另外，合格境內(nèi)機構(gòu)投資者（QDII）和人民幣合格境內(nèi)機構(gòu)投資者（RQDII）也可以通過“南向通”開展境外債券投資。

Investors will be subject to an annual quota of 500 billion yuan and a daily quota of 20 billion yuan.
“南向通”年度總額度為5000億元等值人民幣，每日額度為200億元等值人民幣。