美國(guó)一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，曾經(jīng)遭到性侵害的女性，未來(lái)出現(xiàn)認(rèn)知能力下降、癡呆、中風(fēng)等腦部病變的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。這表明性暴力對(duì)受害者在心理上和身體上都有巨大的長(zhǎng)期影響。

Women who have been sexually assaulted have a higher risk of developing a type of brain damage that has been linked to cognitive decline, dementia and stroke, a new study found.
一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，遭受性侵犯的女性出現(xiàn)認(rèn)知能力下降、癡呆和中風(fēng)等腦損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。

"It could be either childhood sexual abuse or adult sexual assault," said study author Rebecca Thurston, a professor and director of the Women's Biobehavioral Health Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh's Graduate School of Public Health.
該研究作者麗貝卡·瑟斯頓稱(chēng)：“這包括童年遭受的性虐待或成年后遭遇的性侵犯?！鄙诡D是匹茲堡大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生研究生院女性生物行為健康實(shí)驗(yàn)室的教授兼主任。

身體表現(xiàn)

The new study, presented Thursday at the annual meeting of the North American Menopause Society, adds to a growing body of research on the long-term impact of sexual assault on the body and the mind.
這項(xiàng)新研究是越來(lái)越多關(guān)于性侵犯對(duì)身體和精神的長(zhǎng)期影響的研究之一，于9月23日在北美更年期協(xié)會(huì)年會(huì)上發(fā)布。

"We need to keep our attention on this issue of sexual violence against women and not let it fall off the radar screen of society, because it continues to be a major women's health issue," Thurston said.
瑟斯頓說(shuō)：“我們需要持續(xù)關(guān)注對(duì)婦女的性暴力問(wèn)題，不要讓它從社會(huì)關(guān)注中消失，因?yàn)檫@仍然是關(guān)乎婦女健康的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題?！?/p>

Prior studies have found sexual trauma to be linked to higher levels of triglycerides and blood pressure in midlife, and a three-fold greater risk of developing carotid plaque, all key risk factors for heart disease.
此前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，性創(chuàng)傷與中年時(shí)的甘油三酯偏高和高血壓有關(guān)，并且形成頸動(dòng)脈斑塊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加三倍，而頸動(dòng)脈斑塊是導(dǎo)致心臟病的關(guān)鍵風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。

In addition, a 2018 study Thurston conducted found women who reported prior sexual assault were three times more likely to experience depression and twice as likely to have elevated anxiety and insomnia than women without a history of sexual trauma.
此外，瑟斯頓2018年開(kāi)展的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與沒(méi)有性創(chuàng)傷史的女性相比，報(bào)告過(guò)性侵犯遭遇的女性患抑郁癥的可能性高出三倍，患焦慮和失眠的可能性高出一倍。

Depression, anxiety and sleep disorders are all linked to poorer health outcomes, including heart disease, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
據(jù)美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心稱(chēng)，抑郁、焦慮和睡眠障礙都與心臟病等健康問(wèn)題有關(guān)。

CDC statistics also show more than 1 in 3 women in the US (and 1 in 4 men) experience sexual assault at least once in their lifetimes. Considering the widespread impact, Thurston said physicians should be asking their patients about any prior sexual trauma, and then carefully monitoring the woman's cardiovascular risk as she ages.
美國(guó)疾控中心的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)還顯示，在美國(guó)，超過(guò)三分之一的女性（四分之一的男性）一生中至少經(jīng)歷過(guò)一次性侵犯。考慮到這一廣泛的影響，瑟斯頓說(shuō)，醫(yī)生應(yīng)該詢(xún)問(wèn)患者之前的性創(chuàng)傷史，然后隨著患者年齡的增長(zhǎng)仔細(xì)監(jiān)測(cè)女性的心血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

大腦掃描

The new study, which will publish soon in the journal Brain Imaging and Behavior, looked for signs of white matter hyperintensities in the brain scans of 145 midlife women with no prior history of cardiovascular disease, stroke or dementia. However, 68% of participants had experienced trauma, and for 23% of the women, that trauma was sexual assault.
這項(xiàng)新的研究很快將發(fā)表在《腦成像與行為》雜志上，研究在145名沒(méi)有心血管疾病、中風(fēng)或癡呆病史的中年女性腦部掃描中尋找白質(zhì)高信號(hào)的跡象。68%的參與者經(jīng)歷過(guò)精神創(chuàng)傷，23%的女性經(jīng)歷過(guò)性侵犯。

White matter hyperintensities, which show up as small spots of white on MRIs, are markers of disruptions in blood flow that have left damage in the brain.
腦白質(zhì)高信號(hào)在磁共振成像上表現(xiàn)為小白點(diǎn)，是血流中斷導(dǎo)致大腦受損的標(biāo)志。

"Using brain imaging, we found that women with a history of sexual assault have greater white matter hyperintensities in the brain, which is an indicator of small vessel disease that has been linked to stroke, dementia, cognitive decline and mortality," Thurston said.
瑟斯頓說(shuō)：“通過(guò)腦成像，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有被性侵史的女性大腦中的白質(zhì)高信號(hào)更嚴(yán)重，這是小血管疾病的一個(gè)指標(biāo)，與中風(fēng)、癡呆、認(rèn)知能力下降和死亡有關(guān)。”

The study controlled for other diseases and conditions that would affect the development of white matter hyperintensities, such as age, hypertension, smoking and diabetes. The study also controlled for emotional disorders, including depression, anxiety and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.
該研究控制了可能影響白質(zhì)高信號(hào)發(fā)展的其他疾病和條件，如年齡、高血壓、吸煙和糖尿病。該研究還控制了情緒障礙這一變量，包括抑郁、焦慮和創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙（PTSD）癥狀。

The increase in white matter hyperintensities "wasn't explained by these subjective symptoms of distress," Thurston said. "It's almost like your body has a memory that may not be fully manifesting through psychological symptoms. The sexual assault also leaves footprints of the trauma in our brains and our bodies."
瑟斯頓說(shuō)，腦白質(zhì)高信號(hào)的增加“不能用這些痛苦的主觀癥狀來(lái)解釋”?！斑@就像你的身體有一種記憶，這種記憶可能不會(huì)通過(guò)心理癥狀完全顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。性侵犯還會(huì)在我們的大腦和身體上留下創(chuàng)傷的足跡?！?/p>

來(lái)源：CNN
編輯：董靜