>World's northernmost island
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)'最北'島嶼

Scientists have discovered what is believed to be the world's northernmost landmass - a yet-to-be-named island north of Greenland that could soon be swallowed up by seawaters.
研究人員意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了據(jù)信為地球"最北端"的島嶼，這個尚未命名的島嶼位于格陵蘭島北部，可能很快就會被海水吞沒。

Researchers came upon the landmass on an expedition in July, and initially thought they had reached Oodaaq, up until now the northernmost island on the planet.
研究人員在今年7月的一次探險中偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個島嶼，起初他們以為自己已經(jīng)到達了歐達克島，也就是迄今為止地球上最北端的島嶼。

"We were informed that there had been an error on my GPS, which had led us to believe that we were standing on Oodaaq Island," said the head of the mission, Morten Rasch from Copenhagen University's department of geosciences and natural resource management.
本次任務(wù)的負責(zé)人、哥本哈根大學(xué)地球科學(xué)和自然資源管理系的莫滕?拉施說："我們被告知導(dǎo)航出錯，讓我們誤以為自己站在了歐達克島上。"

Oodaaq is some 700 kilometers south of the North Pole, while the new island is 780 meters north of Oodaaq. But it is only 30 to 60 meters above sea level, and Rasch said it could be a "short-lived islet".
歐達克島距離北極大約700公里，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的島嶼在歐達克島以北780米。但島嶼海拔僅有30米到60米，拉施說，它可能是一個"短命的小島"。

>Task force to remove gum waste
英國征收口香糖'清理費'

Chewing gum producers have signed up to a ￡10 million task force to remove the sticky scourge from our high streets. The cash pledge by Mars Wrigley, GlaxoSmithKline and Italian-Dutch multinational company Perfetti Van Melle will help tackle the gum litter that costs ￡7 million a year to remove from pavements.
口香糖生產(chǎn)商瑪氏箭牌、葛蘭素史克以及意荷跨國公司不凡帝范梅勒已簽署協(xié)議，在未來五年內(nèi)共同出資1000萬英鎊，成立"口香糖工作組"，以清理英國大街上黏稠的口香糖。清理人行道上的口香糖垃圾每年要耗資700萬英鎊。

Working with Keep Britain Tidy, the firms will invest the money over the next five years to encourage people to bin it instead.
幾家公司將與環(huán)保機構(gòu)"保持英國清潔"合作，將"清理費"用于鼓勵人們把口香糖垃圾扔進垃圾桶。

Around 87% of England's streets are stained by chewing gum waste, according to Keep Britain Tidy.
根據(jù)該機構(gòu)調(diào)查，目前僅英格蘭地區(qū)被口香糖污染的街道就高達87%。

Pilot tests have shown that gum litter can be reduced by up to 64% when people are asked to change their behavior.
初步試驗顯示，當(dāng)人們被要求改變做法時，口香糖垃圾可減少多達64%。

Littering is a criminal offence, and offenders face on-the-spot penalties of ￡150, rising to up to ￡2,500 if convicted in court.
在英國，亂扔垃圾是一種刑事犯罪行為，違規(guī)者可被當(dāng)場罰款150英鎊，如果在法庭上被定罪，將面臨高達2500英鎊的罰款。

>Sedentary time increases stroke risk
每天坐8小時中風(fēng)風(fēng)險高7倍

Adults under 60 who spend most of their days sitting have a higher risk of stroke compared to those who spend more time being physically active, a new study finds. People who reported sitting eight or more hours daily and were not very physically active otherwise were seven times more at risk of having a stroke than people who spent fewer than four hours being sedentary and at least 10 minutes exercising each day, according to a study published in Stroke from the American Heart Association.
一項發(fā)表在美國心臟協(xié)會出版的期刊《卒中》上的最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于年齡在60歲以下的成年人來說，如果每天絕大多數(shù)的時間都是坐著的，那么與經(jīng)常鍛煉的人相比，中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險會高出數(shù)倍。報告稱，那些每天坐8小時或以上、且極少鍛煉的人，中風(fēng)的可能性要比那些每天坐著的時間不超過4小時、且每天至少鍛煉10分鐘的人高出7倍。

Researchers included the health information of 143,000 adults from the Canadian Community Health Survey in their analysis. The scientists followed the participants, who were 40 years and older with no prior history of stroke, for an average of 9.4 years.
研究人員對來自加拿大社區(qū)健康調(diào)查項目的14.3萬名成年人的健康信息進行了平均長達9.4年的跟蹤調(diào)查，參與者年齡均在40歲以上，且無中風(fēng)病史。

"Sedentary time is thought to impair glucose, lipid metabolism and blood flow, and increase inflammation in the body," said lead study author Dr. Raed Joundi, clinical scholar at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. "These changes, over time, may have adverse effects on the blood vessels and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke."
研究報告的主要作者、加拿大安大略省麥克馬斯特大學(xué)臨床學(xué)者瑞德?瓊迪博士說："久坐被認為會影響血糖、脂質(zhì)代謝和血液流動，增加體內(nèi)炎癥。時間一長，這些身體變化可能會給血管帶來負面影響，增加心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險。"

>Sleeping problem elevates risk for dementia
老年人睡眠差加速大腦退化

Older adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia and other cognitive issues, a new study finds.
一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每晚睡眠時間不足6個小時的老年人患癡呆癥和其他認知障礙的風(fēng)險會增高。

Researchers at Stanford University measured the dementia risk and cognitive abilities of seniors ages 65 to 85, finding higher risk in patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven or eight hours.
斯坦福大學(xué)的研究人員通過對年齡在65歲到85歲之間的老年人的癡呆風(fēng)險和認知能力測評發(fā)現(xiàn)，平時睡眠不足6個小時的人相比睡7個或8個小時的人癡呆風(fēng)險更高。

Seniors who slept nine or more hours also had lower cognitive functions and other health issues, but the researchers didn't find the same high dementia risk in this group.
平時睡9個小時以上的人也出現(xiàn)了認知能力低下和其他健康問題，但是研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)該群體的癡呆風(fēng)險不像睡眠不足的人群這么高。

This disruption may be linked to Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, impacting seniors' ability to remember information, problem-solve, and go through everyday tasks.
睡眠紊亂可能和老年癡呆癥或其他類型的癡呆癥有關(guān)，影響著老年人記憶信息、解決問題的能力，并會影響日常行為。

Sleep disruption can also be caused by - or heighten - depression, cardiovascular disease, and other conditions.
睡眠紊亂還可能由抑郁癥、冠心病和其他疾病導(dǎo)致或加劇這些病癥。

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