教師輪崗 rotation program for teachers

北京市委教育工委副書(shū)記、市教委新聞發(fā)言人李奕8月25日在北京市教育“雙減”工作新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上介紹，在新學(xué)期北京將大比例促進(jìn)干部教師輪崗交流。

Primary and middle school teachers in Beijing's public school system will be required to take part in rotation programs to further improve education equity and quality in the city.
北京市公辦中小學(xué)教師都將參加輪崗項(xiàng)目，促進(jìn)教育優(yōu)質(zhì)均衡。

【詞匯講解】

這里的rotation來(lái)自于動(dòng)詞rotate，表示“旋轉(zhuǎn)；輪換、輪流”等意思，比如：The Earth rotates on its axis（地球繞著地軸旋轉(zhuǎn)），rotate crops/crop rotation（農(nóng)作物輪作）， Rotating Presidency of UN Security Council（聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)輪值主席國(guó)）等，在rotation program里，rotation主要強(qiáng)調(diào)“the act of different people doing the same job at different times”（在不同時(shí)間段由不同的人從事同一個(gè)崗位的工作），也就是我們這里說(shuō)的“輪崗”。

交流輪崗的對(duì)象是誰(shuí)？

Teachers and principals who have worked at the same school for more than six years will be asked to shift to another school and share their knowledge and experience with new colleagues and students. Educators who are more than five years away from retirement are eligible for the program.
凡是距離退休時(shí)間超過(guò)5年的，并且在同一所學(xué)校任職滿6年的教師和校長(zhǎng)均應(yīng)進(jìn)行交流輪崗，到其他學(xué)校與師生分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)。

交流的形式有哪些？

The rotation programs will be carried out in different ways based on participants' positions in which principals will rotate within the district, outstanding teachers equally distributed, and average teachers rotate on assigned jobs.
交流的形式包括區(qū)域內(nèi)校長(zhǎng)交流輪換、骨干教師均衡配置、普通教師派位輪崗等。

Districts with weak teaching talent can get better support via methods such as dual-teacher classes during the program.
通過(guò)雙師課堂等方式為師資薄弱的地區(qū)提供更多支持。

如何做好保障？

The new policy provides incentives for qualified educators to move, such as higher pay and rotation participation being taken into account when promotion is considered.
新政策為參與輪崗的干部教師提供激勵(lì)措施，比如績(jī)效工資適當(dāng)傾斜，晉升時(shí)將參與輪崗作為評(píng)選條件等。

北京校長(zhǎng)教師輪崗第一批試點(diǎn)區(qū)為東城區(qū)、密云區(qū)。

Education authorities in Dongcheng district said all eligible teachers in the district would take part in rotations over the next three years. Officials in Miyun district have also announced that they have arranged for 50 educators to take part in rotations this year.
東城區(qū)教育管理部門(mén)表示，未來(lái)三年，區(qū)內(nèi)所有符合條件的教師都將參加輪崗。密云區(qū)宣布，今年已安排50人參加輪崗。

全國(guó)國(guó)土調(diào)查 national land resource survey

國(guó)務(wù)院第三次全國(guó)國(guó)土調(diào)查領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室、自然資源部、國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局發(fā)布《第三次全國(guó)國(guó)土調(diào)查主要數(shù)據(jù)公報(bào)》。

China now has a total area of 23.46 million hectares of wetlands, of which mangrove forests account for 27,100, according to the third national land resource survey.
第三次全國(guó)國(guó)土調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國(guó)現(xiàn)有濕地2346萬(wàn)公頃，其中，紅樹(shù)林地2.71萬(wàn)公頃。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

第三次全國(guó)國(guó)土調(diào)查（the third national land resource survey）以2019年12月31日為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)點(diǎn)，全面查清了全國(guó)國(guó)土利用狀況，建立了覆蓋國(guó)家、省、地、縣四級(jí)的國(guó)土調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。全面掌握了耕地（farmland）、園地（garden land）、林地（forest）、草地（grassland）、濕地（wetland）、城鎮(zhèn)村及工礦用地（land for urban, rural, industrial and mining activities）、交通運(yùn)輸用地（land used for transport system）、水域及水利設(shè)施用地（land used for water and water conservancy facilities）等全國(guó)主要地類(lèi)數(shù)據(jù)。其中，濕地是第三次全國(guó)國(guó)土調(diào)查新增的一級(jí)地類(lèi)。

調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示：

Forest area in China surged from 253.95 million hectares in 2009 to the current 284.12 million hectares.
我國(guó)林地面積從2009年的25395萬(wàn)公頃增加到現(xiàn)在的28412萬(wàn)公頃。

During the period, farmland area witnessed a slight drop from 135.38 million hectares to 127.86 million hectares.
在此期間，耕地面積出現(xiàn)輕微下降，由2009年的13538萬(wàn)公頃減少到現(xiàn)在的12786萬(wàn)公頃。

自然資源部副部長(zhǎng)王廣華介紹：

It mainly resulted from structural adjustments in the agriculture industry and the country's greening project.
耕地地類(lèi)減少的主要原因是農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和國(guó)土綠化。

The decline of farmland will not bring any effect to the country's food security, as the current area of farmland is safely above the 124-million-hectare line set for cultivated land.
耕地面積減少不會(huì)對(duì)我國(guó)的糧食安全帶來(lái)任何影響，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)有耕地面積已超出了此前設(shè)定的12400萬(wàn)公頃耕地保有量目標(biāo)。

東京殘奧會(huì) 2020 Tokyo Paralympics

8月29日，中國(guó)軍團(tuán)在東京殘奧會(huì)上成績(jī)亮眼。

China's Paralympians continued their gold rush at Tokyo 2020, pocketing 16 more golds on Sunday and keeping the country atop the medal standings with 46 golds and 104 medals in total.
東京殘奧會(huì)中國(guó)代表團(tuán)繼續(xù)奪金之旅，8月29日當(dāng)天收獲16枚金牌，以46枚金牌和104枚獎(jiǎng)牌的成績(jī)繼續(xù)位列金牌榜和獎(jiǎng)牌榜榜首。

【詞匯講解】

Pocket這個(gè)詞我們最熟悉的用法是衣服的“口袋，兜”，coat pocket，如果說(shuō)someone has a deep pocket，我們就可以理解為“某人很有錢(qián)”，當(dāng)然，我們也可以說(shuō)a corporation with deep pockets（某個(gè)集團(tuán)資金實(shí)力雄厚）。但是在本文的語(yǔ)境中，pocket用作動(dòng)詞，表示to put in one's pocket，即“收入囊中”，比如：pocket the change（把找零裝在兜里）。此外，我們還可以用wrap，bag等詞來(lái)表示將金牌“收入囊中”這個(gè)說(shuō)法。比如：China bagged women's gymnastics all-around gold and silver at the Asian Games.（中國(guó)隊(duì)包攬了亞運(yùn)會(huì)女子體操全能項(xiàng)目的金銀牌）。

女子50米自由泳S11級(jí)決賽當(dāng)日重賽

In a re-swim of the women's 50m freestyle S11 swimming final on Sunday night, China's Ma Jia took gold and set a new world record of 29.20 seconds. Compatriot Li Guizhi took silver.
當(dāng)晚的女子50米自由泳S11級(jí)決賽重賽中，中國(guó)選手馬佳奪冠，并創(chuàng)造了29秒20的新世界紀(jì)錄，她的隊(duì)友李桂芝獲得亞軍。

此前，8月27日，東京殘奧會(huì)女子50米自由泳S11級(jí)決賽中，中國(guó)選手馬佳和李桂芝包攬金銀牌，馬佳還打破了世界紀(jì)錄。但隨后傳來(lái)消息稱(chēng)，中國(guó)選手金銀牌被取消，該項(xiàng)目于29日重賽。

"We were a little surprised that night when we were told of a re-swim," said Ma. "But I don't think there was a lot of pressure. It's just another race, just put your all into it."
馬佳表示：“當(dāng)晚聽(tīng)說(shuō)要重賽，我們都有點(diǎn)意外。不過(guò)，我沒(méi)覺(jué)得有很大壓力，就是重新比一次而已，全力以赴就可以了?！?/p>

The re-swim came after a statement by International Paralympic Committee spokesman Craig Spence, who said that there had been an appeal after Friday's race, during which "the Chinese athlete in lane five [Li Guizhi] and the Dutch athlete in lane six [Liesette Bruinsma] unintentionally came into contact with each other."
對(duì)于重賽的決定，國(guó)際殘奧委會(huì)發(fā)言人克萊格·斯賓塞表示，27日的比賽后收到申訴，稱(chēng)比賽中“第五道的中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員（李桂芝）和第六道的荷蘭運(yùn)動(dòng)員（利塞特·布魯斯曼）發(fā)生了無(wú)意識(shí)的接觸”。

Following a review by the jury of appeal, it was decided that the race should be re-swum.
經(jīng)申訴委員會(huì)評(píng)議后，決定該項(xiàng)比賽進(jìn)行重賽。

其他項(xiàng)目亮點(diǎn)頻出

During the women's singles class 8 table tennis final, China's Mao Jingdian won 3-1 against her teammate Huang Wenjuan, dominating the event with her third straight gold medals.
乒乓球女單8級(jí)決賽，中國(guó)選手茅經(jīng)典和黃文娟打成3比1，分獲冠亞軍，茅經(jīng)典實(shí)現(xiàn)了該項(xiàng)目三連冠。

On the tennis court, Chinese athletes pocketed five of the eight golds up for grabs on Sunday.
當(dāng)日的網(wǎng)球八個(gè)奪牌項(xiàng)目比賽中，中國(guó)選手將5枚金牌收入囊中。

In the women's 200m T35 final, Chinese sprinter Zhou Xia backed up her 100m victory by winning gold in a world record time of 27.17 seconds.
中國(guó)名將周霞以27秒17衛(wèi)冕女子200米T35級(jí)，創(chuàng)造了新的世界紀(jì)錄，本屆殘奧會(huì)，周霞在女子100米、200米T35級(jí)比賽中實(shí)現(xiàn)雙衛(wèi)冕。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲 online games

近日，國(guó)家新聞出版署下發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步嚴(yán)格管理 切實(shí)防止未成年人沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的通知》，針對(duì)未成年人過(guò)度使用甚至沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲問(wèn)題，進(jìn)一步嚴(yán)格管理措施。

The notice requires online game companies to allow minors to play only from 8 pm to 9 pm on Fridays, weekends and official holidays, with no access permitted at other times.
通知要求，所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲企業(yè)僅可在周五、周六、周日和法定節(jié)假日每日20時(shí)至21時(shí)向未成年人提供1小時(shí)服務(wù)，其他時(shí)間均不得以任何形式向未成年人提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲服務(wù)。

【單詞講解】

Minor這個(gè)詞用法很多，可以用作動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞。在法律上，minor指未滿18歲的人，即“未成年人”。在學(xué)校里，minor可以指“輔修（課程）”或者“輔修生”，與major（專(zhuān)業(yè)）相對(duì)，比如，I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.（我輔修計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)。）用作形容詞的時(shí)候，minor也是與major相對(duì)的，表示“次要的、輕微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.（她在電影里扮演過(guò)一些小角色。）

Underage和minor都表示“未成年”，二者的區(qū)別在于，underage是形容詞，表示“is legally too young to do something”，也就是“未到法定年齡的”，比如：underage youth（未成年人）、underage drinking（未成年人飲酒行為）等；而minor是名詞，與adult相對(duì)，大家應(yīng)該都很熟悉了，比如：cigarette sales to minors are not allowed（禁止向未成年人銷(xiāo)售香煙）。

為何嚴(yán)格限制未成年人網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲時(shí)間？

2019年國(guó)家新聞出版署《關(guān)于防止未成年人沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的通知》規(guī)定：

Online game companies could provide no more than one and a half hours of service to minors on ordinary days, with the limit set at no more than three hours on official holidays.
網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲企業(yè)向未成年人提供游戲服務(wù)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)，法定節(jié)假日每日累計(jì)不得超過(guò)3小時(shí)，其他時(shí)間每日累計(jì)不得超過(guò)1.5小時(shí)。

對(duì)此不少家長(zhǎng)反映該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)仍較寬松，建議從嚴(yán)壓縮。

Allowing less time for online games will help guide minors to physical exercise and social activities that are better for study and health, the administration said.
此次通知進(jìn)一步壓縮網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲時(shí)間，將引導(dǎo)未成年人積極參與體育鍛煉、社會(huì)實(shí)踐等健康有益的活動(dòng)。

We leave some time for minors to play online games because some teachers and parents said that they understand and accept minors' moderate exposure to the games, especially healthy ones including sports games, programming and chess.
之所以留有少量時(shí)間向未成年人開(kāi)放，主要是部分老師和家長(zhǎng)反映，適度接觸游戲是可以理解和接受的，特別是一些運(yùn)動(dòng)類(lèi)游戲以及編程、象棋、圍棋等游戲形式，對(duì)青少年健康成長(zhǎng)具有積極作用。

通知提出的其他要求還包括：

It also urged the strict implementation of real-name registration and logins, saying that online game providers must not provide any form of game service to users who fail to register and log in using their real identifications.
嚴(yán)格落實(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲用戶賬號(hào)實(shí)名注冊(cè)和登錄要求，不得以任何形式向未實(shí)名注冊(cè)和登錄的用戶提供游戲服務(wù)。

Press and publication administrations at all levels have been asked to supervise the implementation of related measures and deal with companies that fail to put measures in place.
各級(jí)出版管理部門(mén)要加強(qiáng)對(duì)有關(guān)措施落實(shí)情況的監(jiān)督檢查，對(duì)未嚴(yán)格落實(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲企業(yè)，依法依規(guī)嚴(yán)肅處理。

針對(duì)未成年人沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)等問(wèn)題，今年6月1日起施行的《中華人民共和國(guó)未成年人保護(hù)法》作出規(guī)定：

Internet product and service providers shall not offer minors with products and services that induce addiction, says the revision.
網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)提供者不得向未成年人提供誘導(dǎo)其沉迷的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。

Providers of online services, including game, livestream, audio and video, and social media, shall set up corresponding functions such as time limit, authorization and consumption limit for minors, according to the revision.
網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲、網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播、網(wǎng)絡(luò)音視頻、網(wǎng)絡(luò)社交等網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者應(yīng)當(dāng)針對(duì)未成年人使用其服務(wù)設(shè)置相應(yīng)的時(shí)間管理、權(quán)限管理、消費(fèi)管理等功能。

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）