靈活就業(yè)人員 people doing flexible jobs

人社部等八部門(mén)近日共同印發(fā)《關(guān)于維護(hù)新就業(yè)形態(tài)勞動(dòng)者勞動(dòng)保障權(quán)益的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》。

The guideline clarified labor relations requirements, break arrangements and social insurance for people doing flexible jobs.
指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)詳解了靈活就業(yè)人員的勞動(dòng)關(guān)系、休息制度以及社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)等問(wèn)題。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)（mobile internet）時(shí)代，越來(lái)越多人的工作任務(wù)來(lái)自手機(jī)，就業(yè)形態(tài)也發(fā)生了新變化，出現(xiàn)了由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)作為勞動(dòng)力資源組織方，將勞動(dòng)者和消費(fèi)者直接對(duì)接的新就業(yè)形態(tài)（new employment model connecting workers with consumers directly）。外賣(mài)送餐員、快遞配送員、網(wǎng)約車(chē)駕駛員、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)師等都屬于新就業(yè)形態(tài)。鑒于新就業(yè)形態(tài)勞動(dòng)用工去雇主化、勞動(dòng)關(guān)系靈活化（flexible labor relations）的特點(diǎn)，勞動(dòng)者大部分是靈活就業(yè)人員，與從業(yè)單位之間屬于非穩(wěn)定勞動(dòng)關(guān)系。

不得通過(guò)算法等手段侵害勞動(dòng)者的正當(dāng)權(quán)益

市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易監(jiān)督管理司司長(zhǎng)龐錦表示：

Food delivery platforms must establish an income distribution system based on orders the delivery workers take and the intensity of their work. The food delivery workers' income should not be less than the locality's lowest wage standard.
外賣(mài)平臺(tái)要建立以工作任務(wù)、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度相匹配的收入分配機(jī)制，勞動(dòng)者的勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬不低于當(dāng)?shù)刈畹凸べY標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

The algorithms used to send orders to delivery workers and time limits for food delivery cannot be used as assessment criteria. Food delivery platforms are expected to relax delivery time limits.
派單算法以及配送時(shí)限不能作為評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，外賣(mài)平臺(tái)應(yīng)適當(dāng)放寬配送時(shí)限。

督促網(wǎng)約車(chē)平臺(tái)降低過(guò)高的抽成比例

交通運(yùn)輸部運(yùn)輸服務(wù)司負(fù)責(zé)人李華強(qiáng)表示，

There are over 3.51 million licensed ride-hailing drivers serving 236 platforms nationwide.
目前全國(guó)共有236家網(wǎng)約車(chē)平臺(tái)企業(yè)，取得許可的網(wǎng)約車(chē)駕駛員超過(guò)351萬(wàn)人。

Some ride-hailing applications had encroached on drivers' rights by collecting high commissions, meaning they have to work longer to maintain their incomes.
有些網(wǎng)約車(chē)平臺(tái)設(shè)置過(guò)高抽成比例，侵害了駕駛員的權(quán)益，駕駛員為了保證收入只能超時(shí)勞動(dòng)。

【詞匯講解】

Commission這個(gè)詞，常見(jiàn)的意思是“委員會(huì)”，比如：中央全面依法治國(guó)委員會(huì)（the Commission for Law-based Governance under the CPC Central Committee），中央紀(jì)律檢查委員會(huì)（the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection），國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委員會(huì)（National Health Commission）等，但是在本文的語(yǔ)境中，commission指的是“a fee paid to an agent or employee for transacting a piece of business or performing a service，especially a percentage of the money received from a total paid to the agent responsible for the business”（代理人或員工完成一項(xiàng)交易或服務(wù)后收取的費(fèi)用，尤指從整個(gè)交易費(fèi)用中劃出的一定比例的金錢(qián)收入），也就是“傭金，提成，抽成”等，比如：He gets a commission for each car he sells（他每賣(mài)掉一輛車(chē)就有一份提成收入）。

The Ministry of Transport will require ride-hailing platforms to sign formal labor contracts with drivers and clarify the platforms' responsibilities to the drivers they employ.
交通運(yùn)輸部將督促網(wǎng)約車(chē)平臺(tái)與駕駛員簽訂正式勞動(dòng)合同，落實(shí)駕駛員權(quán)益保障責(zé)任。

職業(yè)傷害保障試點(diǎn)

The country will carry out pilots to offer occupational injury insurance for the flexibly employed in ride-hailing, food delivery, and instant delivery platform enterprises.
我國(guó)將以出行、外賣(mài)、即時(shí)配送等行業(yè)的平臺(tái)企業(yè)為重點(diǎn)，組織開(kāi)展平臺(tái)靈活就業(yè)人員職業(yè)傷害保障試點(diǎn)。

商標(biāo)惡意搶注 malicious trademark registrations

針對(duì)近期發(fā)生的楊倩、陳夢(mèng)、全紅嬋等奧運(yùn)健兒姓名被申請(qǐng)注冊(cè)商標(biāo)事宜，8月19日，國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局發(fā)布通告，依法駁回相關(guān)商標(biāo)注冊(cè)申請(qǐng)。

The National Intellectual Property Administration rejected 109 applications for trademark registration using names of Olympic athletes on Thursday in a bid to protect the name rights of public figures.
國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局8月19日依法駁回109件使用奧運(yùn)健兒姓名的商標(biāo)注冊(cè)申請(qǐng)，以強(qiáng)化對(duì)公眾人物姓名的保護(hù)。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

《中華人民共和國(guó)商標(biāo)法》規(guī)定：

任何能夠?qū)⒆匀蝗?、法人或者其他組織的商品與他人的商品區(qū)別開(kāi)的標(biāo)志，包括文字、圖形、字母、數(shù)字、三維標(biāo)志、顏色組合和聲音等，以及上述要素的組合，均可以作為商標(biāo)申請(qǐng)注冊(cè)。
Any signs, including words, graphs, letters, numerals, three-dimensional symbols, color combinations, sound or any combination thereof, that are capable of distinguishing the goods of a natural person, legal person or other organizations from those of others may be applied for registration as trademarks.

申請(qǐng)注冊(cè)的商標(biāo)，應(yīng)當(dāng)有顯著特征，便于識(shí)別，并不得與他人在先取得的合法權(quán)利相沖突。
A trademark submitted for registration shall bear noticeable characteristics and be readily distinguishable, and it may not conflict with the legitimate rights obtained by others earlier.

今年3月，國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局印發(fā)的《打擊商標(biāo)惡意搶注行為專(zhuān)項(xiàng)行動(dòng)方案》，重點(diǎn)打擊商標(biāo)惡意搶注（malicious trademark registrations）、圖謀不當(dāng)利益（profiteering），擾亂商標(biāo)注冊(cè)管理秩序（disrupt order of trademark registration management），造成較大不良社會(huì)影響的行為，其中包括“惡意搶注具有較高知名度的公眾人物姓名、知名作品或者角色名稱(chēng)”。

國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局發(fā)布的通告指出：

Some enterprises attempted to maliciously use the names of Olympic players to apply for trademarks.
個(gè)別企業(yè)把奧運(yùn)健兒姓名等相關(guān)特定指代含義的熱詞進(jìn)行惡意搶注，提交商標(biāo)注冊(cè)申請(qǐng)。

The behavior, which is to benefit from others' reputation, has not only harmed Olympic athletes' rights and interests, but also brought negative effects to society, according to the note.
該行為攫取或不正當(dāng)利用他人市場(chǎng)聲譽(yù)，侵害他人姓名權(quán)及其合法權(quán)益，已產(chǎn)生了惡劣的社會(huì)影響。

It said the administration will intensify efforts to fight malicious trademark registrations and keep a sound business environment, adding applicants or agencies that use improper means to apply for trademarks will be punished in line with the law.
國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局將保持嚴(yán)厲打擊商標(biāo)惡意搶注行為的高壓態(tài)勢(shì)，對(duì)惡意申請(qǐng)商標(biāo)注冊(cè)的申請(qǐng)人及其委托的商標(biāo)代理機(jī)構(gòu)，依法依規(guī)嚴(yán)肅處理，持續(xù)營(yíng)造良好的創(chuàng)新環(huán)境和營(yíng)商環(huán)境。

8月18日，中國(guó)奧委會(huì)也就此發(fā)表聲明。

Without getting permission from the Olympic athletes or guardians of players who are minors, no one should maliciously register their names as trademarks or take other action infringing on the right of their names or other rights, the committee said.
如未獲得運(yùn)動(dòng)員本人或未成年運(yùn)動(dòng)員監(jiān)護(hù)人授權(quán)，不得以?shī)W運(yùn)健兒姓名惡意搶注商標(biāo)或其他侵犯運(yùn)動(dòng)員姓名權(quán)等合法權(quán)益的行為。

"If such acts occur, the application for trademark registration should be suspended or withdrawn in a timely manner," it said, adding that the athletes or guardians of young players have the right to sue infringers.
有上述行為的，應(yīng)及時(shí)撤回和停止實(shí)施商標(biāo)注冊(cè)申請(qǐng)。運(yùn)動(dòng)員及未成年運(yùn)動(dòng)員監(jiān)護(hù)人有依法追究相關(guān)侵權(quán)行為人法律責(zé)任的權(quán)利。

《中華人民共和國(guó)民法典》規(guī)定：

自然人享有姓名權(quán)，有權(quán)依法決定、使用、變更或者許可他人使用自己的姓名，但是不得違背公序良俗。
A natural person enjoys the right to name and is entitled to determine, use,
change, or allow others to use his name in accordance with law, provided that public order and good morals are not offended.

任何組織或者個(gè)人不得以干涉、盜用、假冒等方式侵害他人的姓名權(quán)或者名稱(chēng)權(quán)。
No organization or individual may infringe upon other’s rights to name or rights to entity name by means such as interference, misappropriation, impersonation, or the like.

人口計(jì)生法修訂 revised Population and Family Planning Law

8月20日，十三屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第三十次會(huì)議審議通過(guò)了關(guān)于修改人口與計(jì)劃生育法的決定，這一決定自公布之日起施行。

The revised Population and Family Planning Law allows couples in China to have three children.
修改后的人口計(jì)生法規(guī)定一對(duì)夫妻可以生育三個(gè)子女。

The amended law also stipulates that social maintenance fees imposed on families who have violated family planning law, as well as other rules incompatible with the new third-child policy, will be canceled.
此次修法明確，原來(lái)向違反計(jì)劃生育政策的家庭征收社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)以及其他與實(shí)施三孩生育政策不適應(yīng)的規(guī)定都被刪除。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

黨的十八大以來(lái)，黨中央根據(jù)我國(guó)人口發(fā)展變化形勢(shì)，先后作出一系列重大決策部署。

2013年，十八屆三中全會(huì)決定啟動(dòng)實(shí)施“單獨(dú)二孩”政策（夫妻中有一方為獨(dú)生子女的可生育兩個(gè)孩子，two-child policy for couples of which one partner is an only child）。

2015年，十八屆五中全會(huì)決定實(shí)施“全面二孩政策”（the universal two-child policy），積極開(kāi)展應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化（aging population）行動(dòng)，促進(jìn)人口均衡發(fā)展（improve the balanced development of population）。

為解決群眾生育、養(yǎng)育、教育的后顧之憂，修改后的人口計(jì)生法作出了以下有針對(duì)性的規(guī)定。

The country will roll out more supportive measures in terms of finance, taxation, insurance, education, housing and employment, to ease the burden on families in terms of childbearing, childcare and education.
國(guó)家采取財(cái)政、稅收、保險(xiǎn)、教育、住房、就業(yè)等支持措施，減輕家庭生育、養(yǎng)育、教育負(fù)擔(dān)。

The revised law stipulates a push for establishing affordable, government-subsidized nursery care service systems, and setting up child care facilities in public spaces and workplaces.
推動(dòng)建立普惠托育服務(wù)體系，支持在公共場(chǎng)所或企事業(yè)單位設(shè)立托育服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)。

It also requires local governments to set up sufficient public facilities to cater for infants and young children when building or revamping communities. Public areas and institutions employing a large number of female workers should also set up nursery services.
規(guī)定縣級(jí)以上地方各級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)在城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)建設(shè)改造中，建設(shè)與常住人口規(guī)模相適應(yīng)的嬰幼兒活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所及配套服務(wù)設(shè)施。公共場(chǎng)所和女職工比較多的用人單位應(yīng)當(dāng)配置母嬰設(shè)施。

The law also includes a provision addressing parental leave, making it clear that support will be given to regions exercising the practice.
此次修法還增加“國(guó)家支持有條件的地方設(shè)立父母育兒假”的規(guī)定。

【詞匯講解】

這里的parental leave指父母雙方在孩子出生后均可以享受的假期，即“育兒假”，而母親在生產(chǎn)后按規(guī)定享受的一段假期是maternity/maternal leave（產(chǎn)假），如果是“帶薪產(chǎn)假”則為paid maternity leave。Maternity和maternal這兩個(gè)詞都與mother這個(gè)詞相關(guān)，而拉丁語(yǔ)中的“媽媽”一詞為mater，正是maternity和maternal的詞根。我們都知道英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)親戚關(guān)系的詞都是uncle、aunt這樣，而不是像中文那樣“叔叔”、“舅舅”、“姑姑”、“阿姨”分的很清楚，如果在表達(dá)的時(shí)候想要區(qū)分，可以在前面加上maternal或者paternal，比如：my maternal aunt就是“我姨”，而my paternal aunt則是“我姑”。

It adds that medical facilities nationwide should launch awareness campaigns on promoting reproductive health and providing services in this respect.
此次修法規(guī)定醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)開(kāi)展優(yōu)生優(yōu)育知識(shí)宣傳教育并提供相關(guān)服務(wù)。

對(duì)于“三孩”政策實(shí)施后，女性可能面臨的職場(chǎng)歧視，此次修法也做出了規(guī)定：

The revised law states that a women's right to employment will be guaranteed and employment services will be provided for those whose job prospects are affected due to pregnancies.
修法規(guī)定，國(guó)家保障婦女就業(yè)合法權(quán)益，為因生育影響就業(yè)的婦女提供就業(yè)服務(wù)。

在保障計(jì)劃生育家庭的合法權(quán)益方面，此次修法也做出了規(guī)定。

China will continue to implement its current reward and assistance system and preferential policies for one-child families. The elderly in such families will be given preferential treatment in terms of welfare benefits and elderly care services, according to the amendment.
我國(guó)將繼續(xù)對(duì)獨(dú)生子女家庭執(zhí)行現(xiàn)有的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助措施，并在老年人福利、養(yǎng)老服務(wù)等方面給予必要的優(yōu)先和照顧。

Couples whose only child has died or is disabled should receive comprehensive care provided by local governments.
獲得《獨(dú)生子女父母光榮證》的夫妻，獨(dú)生子女發(fā)生意外傷殘、死亡的，按照規(guī)定獲得全方位幫扶。

火星車(chē) Mars rover

8月23日，我國(guó)首次火星探測(cè)任務(wù)“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”探測(cè)器成功發(fā)射滿13個(gè)月，探測(cè)器成功著陸火星滿100天。

China's Mars rover Zhurong had traveled more than 1,000 meters on the surface of the red planet as of Monday, the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the China National Space Administration (CNSA) said. The Mars rover has outlived its three-month life expectancy with all of its predetermined tasks completed.
國(guó)家航天局表示，8月23日，“祝融號(hào)”火星車(chē)在火星表面行駛里程已突破1000米，已完成全部預(yù)定任務(wù)，且超出其3個(gè)月的設(shè)計(jì)壽命。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

“祝融號(hào)”火星車(chē)重240公斤，設(shè)計(jì)壽命3個(gè)月，任務(wù)是研究火星形貌與地質(zhì)構(gòu)造特征（survey Mars' landforms, geological structures）、火星表面土壤特征與水冰分布（soil characteristics, potential locations of water and ice）、火星大氣電離層及表面氣候與環(huán)境特征（atmospheric and environmental characteristics）、火星物理場(chǎng)與內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)（magnetic and gravitational fields and other physical properties）等。

China's Tianwen-1 mission was launched on July 23, 2020, the first step in China's adventure in planetary exploration.
2020年7月23日，“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”任務(wù)成功發(fā)射，邁出中國(guó)行星探測(cè)的第一步。

China's Tianwen 1 Mars probe streaked down through the Martian sky on May 15,2021, becoming the country's first probe to land on a planet other than Earth. The lander, carrying a Mars rover, touched down at its pre-selected landing area in the southern part of Utopia Planitia, a vast plain on the northern hemisphere of Mars.
2021年5月15日，“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”火星探測(cè)器攜“祝融號(hào)”火星車(chē)成功著陸于火星北半球?yàn)跬邪钇皆喜款A(yù)選著陸區(qū)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了我國(guó)首次地外行星著陸。

Starting its exploration, Zhurong drove down from its landing platform to the Martian surface on May 22, 2021.
2021年5月22日，“祝融號(hào)”火星車(chē)離開(kāi)著陸平臺(tái)，駛?cè)牖鹦潜砻妗?/p>

2021年8月15日，“祝融號(hào)”度過(guò)了90個(gè)火星日（90 Martian days），所有科學(xué)載荷開(kāi)機(jī)探測(cè)，共獲取約10GB原始數(shù)據(jù)，“祝融號(hào)”火星車(chē)圓滿完成既定巡視探測(cè)任務(wù)（accomplish planned exploration and detection tasks）。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

火星日（Martian day）平均為 24 小時(shí) 39 分 35.244 秒，或 1.027 地球日?；鹦枪D(zhuǎn)周期（the revolution period of Mars）為 1.88 地球年，687 地球日，或 668.6 火星日。

The CNSA added that the rover will continue to move to the boundary zone between the ancient sea and land in the southern part of Utopia Planitia to carry out tasks.
國(guó)家航天局表示，“祝融號(hào)”火星車(chē)將繼續(xù)向?yàn)跬邪钇皆喜康墓藕ｊ懡唤绲貛旭?，?shí)施拓展任務(wù)。

據(jù)介紹，目前，環(huán)繞器運(yùn)行在中繼通信軌道，主要為火星車(chē)進(jìn)行中繼通信（relay communication）。

The rover will suspend its operations from mid-September to late-October due to the anticipated disruption of its communications with Earth caused by solar electromagnetic radiation, and will then resume its mission.
2021年9月中旬至10月下旬，由于受太陽(yáng)電磁輻射干擾的影響，器地通信將中斷，火星車(chē)將停止探測(cè)工作，之后任務(wù)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行 。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

2021年9月中旬至10月下旬，火星、地球?qū)⑦\(yùn)行至太陽(yáng)的兩側(cè)，且三者近乎處于一條直線，即出現(xiàn)日凌現(xiàn)象（sun transit outage）。此時(shí)，太陽(yáng)強(qiáng)大的電磁輻射會(huì)對(duì)衛(wèi)星下行信號(hào)造成強(qiáng)烈的干擾。

央行將發(fā)行紀(jì)念幣

中國(guó)人民銀行8月23日發(fā)布消息稱(chēng)，定于2021年8月30日發(fā)行中國(guó)首次火星探測(cè)任務(wù)成功金銀紀(jì)念幣一套（ a set of commemorative coins to celebrate the success of China's first Mars exploration mission）。

該套紀(jì)念幣共3枚，其中金質(zhì)紀(jì)念幣2枚，銀質(zhì)紀(jì)念幣1枚，均為中華人民共和國(guó)法定貨幣。

北京環(huán)球度假區(qū) Universal Beijing Resort

北京環(huán)球度假區(qū)宣布將于9月1日正式開(kāi)啟試運(yùn)行。

Universal Beijing Resort will be open to invited guests only during the trial operation, including selected resort partners and a limited number of winners in official marketing activities.
試運(yùn)行期間，北京環(huán)球度假區(qū)僅對(duì)受邀客人開(kāi)放，受邀客人包括部分度假區(qū)合作伙伴，以及正式市場(chǎng)推廣活動(dòng)中選中的部分粉絲。

北京環(huán)球度假區(qū)位于北京市通州區(qū)，由北京環(huán)球影城主題公園（the Universal Studios theme park）、北京環(huán)球城市大道（Universal CityWalk Beijing）以及兩家度假酒店、37處游樂(lè)設(shè)施（recreational facilities）、主題景點(diǎn)以及餐飲設(shè)施等組成。這是全世界第五家、中國(guó)首家環(huán)球度假區(qū)（the fifth Universal Studios theme park in the world and the first in China）。

During trial operations, invited guests will experience selected rides, attractions, shows and dining services throughout the Universal Studios Beijing theme park on designated dates.
試運(yùn)行期間，受邀客人將在指定日期體驗(yàn)主題公園中部分景點(diǎn)、娛樂(lè)設(shè)施、演出和餐飲服務(wù)。

嚴(yán)格遵守疫情防控措施

The identity information of the invited guests will be pre-registered and invited guests must complete ticket and ID verification, and related pandemic control process at the park entrance before entering the park.
參與試運(yùn)行測(cè)試體驗(yàn)的受邀客人需提前綁定身份信息，在主題公園入口處完成門(mén)票及身份核驗(yàn)，并通過(guò)疫情防控的相關(guān)檢查，方可入園。

不售票，不可轉(zhuǎn)讓

Universal Studios Beijing Trial Operations Tickets will not be sold to the general public and cannot be transferred. The general public should be alerted to the risks of fraudulent trial operations tickets to avoid any personal losses.
北京環(huán)球影城試運(yùn)行門(mén)票不會(huì)對(duì)公眾售賣(mài)，且不可轉(zhuǎn)讓。請(qǐng)消費(fèi)者警惕虛假信息及相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，以免造成損失。

據(jù)悉，北京環(huán)球影城共有七大主題景區(qū)（themed lands），分別為功夫熊貓蓋世之地（Kung Fu Panda Land of Awesomeness）、變形金剛基地（Transformers Metrobase）、小黃人樂(lè)園（Minion Land）、哈利波特的魔法世界（The Wizarding World of Harry Potter）、侏羅紀(jì)世界努布拉島（Jurassic World Isla Nublar）、好萊塢（Hollywood）和未來(lái)水世界（Waterworld），并且對(duì)電影中的許多場(chǎng)景都進(jìn)行了完美復(fù)刻。