亞洲象群 Asian elephants

8月8日20時(shí)許，云南北移亞洲象群14頭大象已跨過(guò)元江，平安回歸適宜棲息地。

A herd of wild Asian elephants that has wandered Southwest China's Yunnan province for more than 17 months appears to be heading home to its traditional habitat in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve.
在云南游蕩了17個(gè)多月以后，亞洲象群正在回歸原棲息地——西雙版納國(guó)家自然保護(hù)區(qū)的路上。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

亞洲象（Asian elephants）為我國(guó)一級(jí)重點(diǎn)保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物（wild animals under first-class national protection），在世界自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟瀕危物種紅色名錄（ the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species）中被列為“瀕危物種”（endangered species），主要分布在云南普洱、西雙版納、臨滄3個(gè)州市，是亞洲現(xiàn)存最大和最具代表性的陸生脊椎動(dòng)物（terrestrial vertebrate），也是維持森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的“工程師”。

云南省林業(yè)和草原局黨組書(shū)記、局長(zhǎng)萬(wàn)勇介紹：

The elephants were on Monday approximately 26 kilometers from Mojiang county, Pu'er city, one of their major habitats in Yunnan along with Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture.
8月9日，象群距離普洱市墨江縣轄區(qū)約26公里，該縣是除西雙版納傣族自治州以外，亞洲象在云南的另一個(gè)主要棲息地。

后續(xù)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指揮部將繼續(xù)科學(xué)引導(dǎo)，全力保障象群安全，幫助其盡快回歸原棲息地。

象群離家17月，遷移500多公里

The herd of 14 elephants, ranging in age and size, has traveled more than 500 km.
這14頭亞洲象，年齡、體型各異，已經(jīng)遷移了500多公里。

Sixteen elephants departed Xishuangbanna, but three of them dropped out of the trek and two calves were born en route. In July, a bull elephant that had broken away from the herd was sedated and returned to the nature reserve.
最初離開(kāi)西雙版納時(shí)有16頭象，途中有三頭掉隊(duì)，另有兩只幼崽出生。今年7月，一頭雄象離隊(duì)，被麻醉后帶回自然保護(hù)區(qū)。

Heading north, the herd passed through Pu'er, Honghe and Yuxi. In June, they reached the outskirts of Kunming, the provincial capital.
象群在北移途中經(jīng)過(guò)了普洱、紅河和玉溪等地。今年6月，它們抵達(dá)云南省省會(huì)昆明市郊外。

Local authorities deployed trucks, workers and drones to monitor the elephants 24 hours a day, evacuated roads for them to pass safely and lured them away from populated areas with food.
當(dāng)?shù)卣沙隹ㄜ?chē)、工作人員以及無(wú)人機(jī)24小時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)象群，為它們安全通過(guò)清空道路，用食物將它們從人口密集地區(qū)引開(kāi)。

Nearly 180 metric tons of food, including pineapples and corn, has been fed to the herd, Wan said. Even as they encroached on communities, none of the elephants or people were injured.
途中投放菠蘿、玉米等食物近180噸，在象群侵?jǐn)_居民區(qū)期間，未造成人、象受傷。

【詞匯講解】

這里的encroach指“gradual or stealthy entrance upon another's territory”（慢慢地或偷偷地進(jìn)入他人的領(lǐng)地），常用的搭配encroach on/upon something則表示“一步步占用，占據(jù)（時(shí)間、權(quán)利、土地等）”，比如：I resent it that my job is starting to encroach on my family life（我憎惡的是，我的工作開(kāi)始越來(lái)越多地占用了我的家庭生活時(shí)間），They have promised that the development will not encroach on public land（他們承諾這個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目不會(huì)占用公共用地）。

在科學(xué)研究方面，北移亞洲象群為動(dòng)物學(xué)家提供了近距離觀測(cè)亞洲象棲息活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。

北移亞洲象群專(zhuān)家組成員、國(guó)家林業(yè)和草原局亞洲象研究中心主任陳飛表示：

They can identify the direction of food and water resources very precisely. And they also showed great performances in solidarity and group decision-making. Their division of work is impressive, too.
它們能精確識(shí)別食物和水源的方向，表現(xiàn)出了強(qiáng)大的團(tuán)結(jié)和團(tuán)隊(duì)決策能力。象群內(nèi)的分工也很明確。

未來(lái)還有可能北移

北移亞洲象群處置專(zhuān)家組成員、云南西雙版納國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)管護(hù)局高級(jí)工程師沈慶仲表示：

It's likely that the elephants will head north again.
象群可能會(huì)再度北移。

Historically, Asian elephants used to live in many parts of the country. Migration is in their nature. It helps the species expand its territory and have more chances to improve their gene pool by mating with different groups.
亞洲象曾經(jīng)遍布全國(guó)多地，對(duì)它們而言，遷移是一種正常行為。遷移有助于野象尋找新的棲息地和開(kāi)展種群間的基因交流。

加快推進(jìn)亞洲象國(guó)家公園創(chuàng)建

The forestry department and the provincial government plan to develop a national park, which aims to provide habitat protection for the elephants and a balanced relationship with residents.
國(guó)家林草局和云南省政府計(jì)劃開(kāi)發(fā)一處國(guó)家公園，為亞洲象群提供棲息地保護(hù)，同時(shí)促進(jìn)人象和諧共存。

藏羚羊 Tibetan antelope

國(guó)家林草局最新發(fā)布，近年來(lái)隨著我國(guó)生態(tài)保護(hù)和打擊盜獵力度的加強(qiáng)，我國(guó)藏羚羊數(shù)量不斷增加。

The number of Tibetan antelopes in China has quadrupled in the past decades, reaching about 300,000 from fewer than 70,000 in the 1980s and 1990s, according to the country's National Forestry and Grassland Administration.
國(guó)家林草局表示，我國(guó)藏羚羊數(shù)量已從二十世紀(jì)八九十年代的不足7萬(wàn)只，增加至目前的約30萬(wàn)只，幾十年間增長(zhǎng)了近三倍。

【詞匯講解】

在英文報(bào)道中，double、triple、quadruple 這三個(gè)詞常用來(lái)表達(dá)不同的倍數(shù)，均可以做名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞，用法很靈活。Double 表示“兩倍、雙份”或“使（什么）增加一倍”，比如：The editor thinks they can double the magazine circulation by the end of the year.主編覺(jué)得他們能在年底把雜志發(fā)行量增加一倍。另外，單詞 double 在影視領(lǐng)域還指“替身演員”，比如，He worked as a double for Daniel Craig in the film.他在這部影片中擔(dān)任丹尼爾·克雷格的替身。

Triple表示“三倍，增加兩倍”，比如，My rent tripled last month.上個(gè)月，我的房租漲了兩倍。

Quadruple這個(gè)詞表示“四倍，四部分，增加三倍”的意思，詞性和用法與前面的 double 和 triple 相似。需要注意的是，“增加三倍”其實(shí)也就是中文中常說(shuō)的“翻兩番”，所以這兩種說(shuō)法都可以用 quadruple 來(lái)表示，比如：Our exports to the US have quadrupled in the past three years.過(guò)去三年間，我們對(duì)美國(guó)的出口額增加了三倍（也就是翻了兩番）。

藏羚羊是青藏高原的基礎(chǔ)物種

Tibetan antelopes are mostly found in the plateau region of Northwest China, including the Tibet autonomous region, Qinghai province and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. The species is under first-class state protection in China.
藏羚羊主要分布在西藏自治區(qū)、青海省和新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)等西北高原地區(qū)，是國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物。

The Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai is a major biodiversity cluster sheltering a considerable number of Tibetan antelopes as well as many other wild animals.
青海省三江源國(guó)家公園是高原生物多樣性最集中的地區(qū)，是大量藏羚羊及其他野生動(dòng)物的棲息地。

據(jù)三江源國(guó)家公園可可西里管理處卓乃湖保護(hù)站站長(zhǎng)秋培扎西介紹，藏羚羊在青藏高原以及可可西里地區(qū)，是非常關(guān)鍵的物種，作為生物鏈當(dāng)中的基礎(chǔ)物種（foundation species ），它支撐著一個(gè)完整的生物鏈系統(tǒng)。

Thriving amid an ever-expanding herd in Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet, the Tibetan antelope has been regraded from "Endangered" to "Near Threatened" on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
隨著藏羚羊種群在青海、新疆、西藏等地不斷發(fā)展壯大，藏羚羊在世界自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟紅色名錄上的級(jí)別也從“瀕?！蔽锓N降級(jí)為“近?！蔽锓N。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

世界自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟紅色名錄（International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List）按照不同物種面臨的滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由重到輕分為：

Extinct or Extinct in the Wild
已滅絕或野外已滅絕；

Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable: species threatened with global extinction.
極度瀕危、瀕危以及易危物種：物種面臨全球范圍的滅絕威脅；

Near Threatened: species close to the threatened thresholds or that would be threatened without ongoing conservation measures.
近危物種：物種生存狀態(tài)臨近滅絕威脅指標(biāo)，或者如果不維持當(dāng)前的保護(hù)措施，物種就會(huì)面臨滅絕威脅；

Least Concern: species evaluated with a lower risk of extinction.
無(wú)危物種：被評(píng)估為面臨較小滅絕威脅的物種；

Data Deficient: no assessment because of insufficient data.
數(shù)據(jù)不足：數(shù)據(jù)不足無(wú)法做出評(píng)估的物種。

氣候變化報(bào)告 climate change report

聯(lián)合國(guó)政府間氣候變化專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)近日發(fā)布報(bào)告稱(chēng)，未來(lái)幾十年里全球所有地區(qū)都將面臨氣候變化加劇的考驗(yàn)。

The world's leading scientists have projected that in the coming decades, there would be increasing heat waves, longer warm seasons and shorter cold seasons.
全球頂級(jí)科學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，在未來(lái)幾十年里，暖季將變得更長(zhǎng)，冷季將更短，同時(shí)極端高溫等極端天氣將變得更加頻繁。

According to the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report , climate change is also intensifying the water cycle, bringing more intense rainfall and associated flooding, as well as more intense drought in many regions.
聯(lián)合國(guó)政府間氣候變化專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)發(fā)布的這份報(bào)告表示，氣候變化將加速水循環(huán)，在帶來(lái)更多強(qiáng)降雨、洪澇災(zāi)害的同時(shí)也會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多地區(qū)更加嚴(yán)重的干旱。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

政府間氣候變化專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change，IPCC）于1988年由世界氣象組織（World Meteorological Organization）和聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境署（United Nations Environment Programme）聯(lián)合創(chuàng)建，旨在提供有關(guān)氣候變化的科學(xué)技術(shù)和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)認(rèn)知狀況、氣候變化原因（the drivers of climate change）、潛在影響（ its impacts and future risks）和應(yīng)對(duì)策略（how adaptation and mitigation can reduce those risks）的綜合評(píng)估。

目前IPCC正處于第六次評(píng)估周期（the Sixth Assessment cycle），此次發(fā)布的報(bào)告是IPCC第一工作小組的評(píng)估報(bào)告，由來(lái)自60多個(gè)國(guó)家的200多名科學(xué)家撰寫(xiě)，其中引用的相關(guān)獨(dú)立研究超過(guò)1.4萬(wàn)個(gè)。報(bào)告全面評(píng)估了2013年第五次評(píng)估報(bào)告發(fā)布以來(lái)世界氣候變化科學(xué)研究方面取得的重要進(jìn)展。

報(bào)告明確指出：

Human activity was “unequivocally” the cause of rapid changes to the climate, including sea level rises, melting polar ice and glaciers, heat waves, floods and droughts.
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，人類(lèi)活動(dòng)是海平面上升、極地冰川融化、高溫、洪水以及旱災(zāi)等氣候快速變化事件的原因。

Many of the changes observed in the climate are unprecedented in thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of years, and some changes already set in motion -- such as continued sea level rise -- are irreversible over hundreds to thousands of years.
我們觀察到的很多氣候變化是幾千年或者幾十萬(wàn)年來(lái)前所未有的，而海平面不斷上升這樣已經(jīng)發(fā)生的變化不可逆轉(zhuǎn)，在未來(lái)幾百年到幾千年間都將持續(xù)發(fā)生。

Sea levels are expected to rise 2 to 3 meters by 2300 even if warming is kept below 2 degrees, but could reach 5 to 7 meters or higher if warming continues unabated.
就算全球升溫控制在2攝氏度之內(nèi)，到2300年，海平面仍然會(huì)上升2到3米，而如果全球變暖的趨勢(shì)沒(méi)有緩解，則海平面到時(shí)可能會(huì)上升5到7米。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

《巴黎協(xié)定（Paris Agreement）》確立了2020年后國(guó)際社會(huì)合作應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的基本框架，提出把全球平均氣溫較工業(yè)化前水平升高幅度控制在2攝氏度之內(nèi)（hold the global average temperature increase to well below 2 degrees C），并為把升溫控制在1.5攝氏度之內(nèi)而努力（pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees C）。

The authors believe that 1.5C will be reached by 2040 in all scenarios. If emissions aren't slashed in the next few years, this will happen even earlier.
報(bào)告作者認(rèn)為，無(wú)論情況如何發(fā)展，到2040年，全球升溫將達(dá)到1.5攝氏度。如果未來(lái)幾年不大力減排，這一天會(huì)來(lái)得更早。

全球升溫1.5攝氏度會(huì)怎么樣？

報(bào)告舉了個(gè)例子：

Extreme heat waves expected once every 50 years without any global heating are already happening every decade. With 1.5C warming, these will happen about every 5 years; with 2C, every 3.5 years; and with 4C, once every 15 months. More heating also means more disruptions to the monsoon rains on which billions depend for food.
沒(méi)有全球升溫影響的情況下，原本每50年發(fā)生一次的極端高溫天氣現(xiàn)在每10年就有一次。升溫1.5攝氏度以后，這樣的極端天氣大約每5年會(huì)出現(xiàn)一次；升溫2攝氏度時(shí)，每3.5年出現(xiàn)一次；升溫4攝氏度時(shí)，每15個(gè)月出現(xiàn)一次。高溫天氣增多同時(shí)意味著對(duì)雨季的影響增多，而全球幾十億人的食物也會(huì)受到影響。

我們?cè)撛趺醋觯?/p>

The scientists are hopeful that if we can cut global emissions in half by 2030 and reach net zero by the middle of this century, we can halt and possibly reverse the rise in temperatures.
科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，如果我們?cè)?030年之前將全球碳排放減半，并在本世紀(jì)中葉達(dá)到凈零排放，就有可能止住甚至扭轉(zhuǎn)升溫的步伐。

聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)古特雷斯表示：

[This report] is a code red for humanity. The alarm bells are deafening, and the evidence is irrefutable: greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel burning and deforestation are choking our planet and putting billions of people at immediate risk.
（這份）報(bào)告是對(duì)人類(lèi)發(fā)出的紅色警報(bào)。這個(gè)警報(bào)聲振聾發(fā)聵，報(bào)告中列出的證據(jù)無(wú)可辯駁：石油燃燒排放的溫室氣體和森林砍伐讓地球窒息，置十幾億人于迫近的危險(xiǎn)之中。

All nations, especially the G20 and other major emitters, need to join the net zero emissions coalition and reinforce their commitments with credible, concrete and enhanced Nationally Determined Contributions and policies before COP26 in Glasgow.
所有國(guó)家，尤其是二十國(guó)集團(tuán)成員國(guó)以及其他主要排放大國(guó)，要加入凈零排放的聯(lián)合行動(dòng)中，在格拉斯哥第26屆聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)之前拿出可靠的、具體的、進(jìn)一步完善的國(guó)家自主貢獻(xiàn)目標(biāo)承諾和政策。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

國(guó)家自主貢獻(xiàn)（nationally determined contributions）指根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約（the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change）》締約方會(huì)議相關(guān)決定，提出的各國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的強(qiáng)化行動(dòng)和措施（enhanced actions and measures on climate change）。

There must be no new coal plants built after 2021. OECD countries must phase out existing coal by 2030, with all others following suit by 2040. Countries should also end all new fossil fuel exploration and production, and shift fossil fuel subsidies into renewable energy. By 2030, solar and wind capacity should quadruple and renewable energy investments should triple to maintain a net zero trajectory by mid-century.
2021年后不得再新建煤炭工廠。經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織成員國(guó)必須在2030年之前停止使用煤炭，其他國(guó)家2040年之前達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)。各國(guó)還應(yīng)該停止所有新的石油勘探和生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目，將原有的石油行業(yè)補(bǔ)貼用于可再生能源。到2030年，太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能的產(chǎn)能應(yīng)達(dá)到現(xiàn)在的四倍，可再生能源投資應(yīng)該達(dá)到目前的三倍，才能在本世紀(jì)中葉走上凈零排放的軌道。

警戒水位 warning level

國(guó)家防總副總指揮、水利部部長(zhǎng)李國(guó)英8月12日主持召開(kāi)防汛會(huì)商會(huì)，指出黑龍江、嫩江、松花江洪水當(dāng)前仍在演進(jìn)中，部分河段超警或超保，將會(huì)持續(xù)至9月。

Water levels are likely to exceed the warning levels in some sections of the Yellow River, Yangtze River and Haihe River in mid-to-late August, with typhoons triggering regional downpours and floods.
預(yù)計(jì)8月中下旬，黃河、海河、長(zhǎng)江部分河段可能發(fā)生超警洪水，臺(tái)風(fēng)降雨可能引發(fā)區(qū)域性暴雨洪水。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

最近有關(guān)洪水的報(bào)道中，我們經(jīng)常能看到“超警”、“超?！?、“超限”等表述，其中的“警”代表“警戒水位”，“?！贝怼氨ＷC水位”，“限”代表“汛限水位”。

警戒水位（warning level）是指河流、湖泊隨著水位逐步升高，堤防可能發(fā)生險(xiǎn)情并需要加強(qiáng)防守的水位（the water level where dykes need consolidation）。到達(dá)這一水位，要進(jìn)行防汛動(dòng)員，加大人力、物力投入，實(shí)行晝夜巡堤查險(xiǎn)。

保證水位（flood-stage level），又稱(chēng)最高水位或危險(xiǎn)水位，是指堤防設(shè)計(jì)水位或歷史上防御過(guò)的最高洪水位（the highest floodwater level a dyke has ever withstood），也是汛期堤防及其附屬工程能保證安全運(yùn)行的上限洪水位。接近或到達(dá)這一水位，防汛進(jìn)入全面緊急狀態(tài)，堤防臨水時(shí)間已長(zhǎng)，堤身土體可能達(dá)到飽和狀態(tài)，隨時(shí)都有出險(xiǎn)的可能。這時(shí)要密切巡查，全力以赴，確保堤防安全。

汛限水位（the upper limit of reservoir water level）是指汛期水庫(kù)允許蓄水的上限水位，也是水庫(kù)汛期防洪調(diào)度運(yùn)用時(shí)的起調(diào)水位。

近期我國(guó)西南、長(zhǎng)江中下游等地局部暴雨洪水頻發(fā)。

Heavy rainfall has hit most parts of the province since Aug 8. As of 3:00 pm Thursday, 68 counties in Hubei had each seen rainfall measuring more than 100 mm, according to the provincial emergency management department.
8月8日以來(lái)，湖北多地出現(xiàn)強(qiáng)降雨。湖北省應(yīng)急管理局表示，截至8月12日15點(diǎn)，湖北有68個(gè)縣降雨量均超過(guò)100毫米。

Twenty-one people were killed and four others missing as heavy rain lashed Liulin township of Suixian county in central China's Hubei province from Wednesday to Thursday, local authorities said Friday. Over 8,000 people have been affected in the township, according to the announcement.
當(dāng)?shù)卣?月13日通報(bào)，8月11日至12日，湖北省隨縣柳林鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生極端強(qiáng)降雨天氣，已造成柳林鎮(zhèn)8000余人受災(zāi)，21人死亡、4人失聯(lián)。

The flood control and drought relief headquarters of Hubei province activated Level III emergency response for flood control on Thursday.
8月12日，湖北省防汛抗旱指揮部啟動(dòng)防汛Ⅲ級(jí)應(yīng)急響應(yīng)。

8月12日，水利部增派了4個(gè)工作組赴湖北、安徽、江西3省指導(dǎo)暴雨洪水防范應(yīng)對(duì)工作。目前，水利部仍維持水旱災(zāi)害防御Ⅳ級(jí)應(yīng)急響應(yīng)（level-IV emergency response to floods and droughts），共有7個(gè)工作組在防汛一線指導(dǎo)。

抵制張哲瀚 boycott of Zhang Zhehan

演員張哲瀚由于在日本參觀靖國(guó)神社等不當(dāng)行為，引發(fā)社會(huì)各界強(qiáng)烈批評(píng)。

The Sina Weibo micro-blogging platform closed the actor's personal and studio accounts on Sunday.
8月15日，新浪微博關(guān)閉了張哲瀚的個(gè)人及工作室賬號(hào)。

微博社區(qū)公告表示，

"As a public figure who has a large number of fans and draws a great deal of attention online, it is the most basic professional quality to have a correct view of history and values," it said in a notice.
作為網(wǎng)上擁有大量粉絲和關(guān)注的公眾人物，樹(shù)立正確的歷史觀和價(jià)值觀是最基本的職業(yè)素養(yǎng)。

中國(guó)演出行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)（the China Association of Performing Arts）發(fā)布公告，要求會(huì)員單位對(duì)演員張哲瀚進(jìn)行從業(yè)抵制（call for a boycott of Zhang Zhehan）。

公告指出，

Yasukuni is a spiritual tool and symbol of Japanese militarism and also the place where Japanese right-wing forces "deny history and beautify the war of aggression".
靖國(guó)神社是日本軍國(guó)主義發(fā)動(dòng)對(duì)外侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的精神工具和象征，是日本國(guó)內(nèi)右翼勢(shì)力否定歷史、美化侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的場(chǎng)所。

"For artists engaged in cultural work, a correct view of history is a basic professional quality, and ignorance is not an excuse," it said.
對(duì)從事文化工作的演藝人員而言，樹(shù)立正確的歷史觀，是一項(xiàng)基本的職業(yè)素養(yǎng)，無(wú)知不是借口。

"Zhang's behavior was seriously inappropriate, and it not only hurt the nation's feelings, but also served as a bad influence on young fans," the association said. The association said members were required to boycott Zhang according to relevant regulations. It called on performers to study more, improve their understanding and never waver on national dignity.
中國(guó)演出行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)道德自律委員會(huì)經(jīng)評(píng)議認(rèn)為，演員張哲瀚的行為存在嚴(yán)重不當(dāng)，不僅傷害民族感情，而且對(duì)其受眾中的青少年群體帶來(lái)惡劣的不良影響。因此，中國(guó)演出行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)根據(jù)《演出行業(yè)演藝人員從業(yè)自律管理辦法》的規(guī)定，要求會(huì)員單位對(duì)其進(jìn)行從業(yè)抵制。在此同時(shí)鄭重提醒廣大演藝從業(yè)人員，務(wù)必加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)，提高認(rèn)識(shí)，在民族大義面前決不能有絲毫的含糊、動(dòng)搖。

"History must not be forgotten, and the bottom line must not be loosened. Whoever crosses the line will be punished," it said.
歷史不容忘卻，底線不容松動(dòng)。過(guò)線者，必受懲戒。

此前，張哲瀚被曝于2019年曾前往日本乃木神社（the Nogi Shrine）參加朋友婚禮，早前還發(fā)布過(guò)在靖國(guó)神社（the Yasukuni Shrine）的合影照片，引發(fā)網(wǎng)友質(zhì)疑和憤怒。

張哲瀚代言的多家品牌相繼宣布結(jié)束與其的商務(wù)合作關(guān)系。

More than 25 companies have announced the termination of partnerships with Zhang, including food brand Hsu Fu Chi, drink brand Wahaha, beverage maker Coca-Cola, Danish jewelry brand Pandora and the Chinese branch of Japanese food manufacturer Ezaki Glico.
超過(guò)25家公司宣布已結(jié)束與張哲瀚的合作關(guān)系，其中包括徐福記、娃哈哈、可口可樂(lè)、丹麥珠寶品牌潘多拉以及日本食品制造商江崎格力高中國(guó)分公司等。

中方敦促日方切實(shí)信守正視反省侵略歷史的表態(tài)和承諾

8月15日，日本首相菅義偉向靖國(guó)神社供奉了香火錢(qián)（send a monetary offering）。前首相安倍晉三、幾個(gè)內(nèi)閣成員和一些國(guó)會(huì)議員當(dāng)天或幾天前分別參拜了靖國(guó)神社。

對(duì)此，外交部發(fā)言人華春瑩表示：

Today marks the 76th anniversary of Japan's defeat and unconditional surrender. Seventy-six years ago, the Chinese people, together with the people of the rest of the world, defeated the Japanese militarist aggressors and fascism and won the great victory of justice over evil, light over darkness and progress over reaction. This historic moment deserves to be remembered forever by the international community.
今天是日本戰(zhàn)敗并宣布無(wú)條件投降76周年紀(jì)念日。76年前，中國(guó)人民同世界人民一道，打敗了日本軍國(guó)主義侵略者和法西斯主義，取得了正義戰(zhàn)勝邪惡、光明戰(zhàn)勝黑暗、進(jìn)步戰(zhàn)勝反動(dòng)的偉大勝利。這一歷史性時(shí)刻值得國(guó)際社會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)銘記！

The Yasukuni Shrine, where 14 World War II Class-A war criminals with heinous crimes are honored, is a spiritual tool and symbol of the Japanese militarism’s war of aggression. What some Japanese political figures have done on the issue of the Yasukuni Shrine affronts historical justice and seriously hurts the feelings of people in the victimized Asian countries, including China. It again reflects Japan’s wrong attitude towards its own history of aggression.
靖國(guó)神社是日本軍國(guó)主義發(fā)動(dòng)對(duì)外侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的精神工具和象征，供奉有罪行滔天的14名二戰(zhàn)甲級(jí)戰(zhàn)犯。日本一些政要在靖國(guó)神社問(wèn)題上的所作所為，是對(duì)歷史正義的褻瀆，也是對(duì)包括中國(guó)在內(nèi)亞洲受害國(guó)人民感情的嚴(yán)重傷害，再次反映出日方對(duì)待自身侵略歷史的錯(cuò)誤態(tài)度。

The Chinese side has lodged solemn representations with the Japanese side through diplomatic channels in both Beijing and Tokyo to register strong dissatisfaction and firm opposition. We urge the Japanese side to earnestly honor its statement and commitment of facing up to and reflecting on its history of aggression, tread carefully on historical issues such as the Yasukuni Shrine, make a clean break with militarism, and win the trust of its Asian neighbors and the international community through concrete actions.
中方已通過(guò)外交渠道在北京和東京向日方嚴(yán)正交涉，表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈不滿(mǎn)和堅(jiān)決反對(duì)。中方敦促日方切實(shí)信守正視反省侵略歷史的表態(tài)和承諾，在靖國(guó)神社等歷史問(wèn)題上謹(jǐn)言慎行，徹底同軍國(guó)主義切割，以實(shí)際行動(dòng)取信于亞洲鄰國(guó)和國(guó)際社會(huì)。

復(fù)興號(hào)動(dòng)車(chē) Fuxing bullet train

8月15日7時(shí)50分，牡佳高鐵聯(lián)調(diào)聯(lián)試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)首組CR400BF-G型復(fù)興號(hào)高寒動(dòng)車(chē)組從牡丹江站緩緩駛出，這是復(fù)興號(hào)高寒動(dòng)車(chē)組首次參與

（high-speed railway linking Mudanjiang and Jiamusi）聯(lián)調(diào)聯(lián)試。

It was the first time a Fuxing bullet train has run on China's easternmost high-speed line, which is located in an extremely cold region.
這是復(fù)興號(hào)高寒動(dòng)車(chē)組首次在中國(guó)最東端高寒高鐵線路試跑。

據(jù)介紹，CR400BF-G型復(fù)興號(hào)高寒動(dòng)車(chē)組系在復(fù)興號(hào)動(dòng)車(chē)組“金鳳凰”的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了高寒適應(yīng)性技術(shù)提升。

The CR400BF-G Fuxing bullet trains are designed to withstand the climate in extremely cold areas that may be hit by blizzards and temperatures as low as -40 C. Designers chose materials with better airtightness for the equipment compartment, which can keep out the snow and cold air.
CR400BF-G型復(fù)興號(hào)高寒動(dòng)車(chē)組具有耐高寒、抗風(fēng)雪等特點(diǎn)，能夠在-40℃的天氣下運(yùn)行。設(shè)計(jì)人員為設(shè)備間選擇了密封性更好的材料，達(dá)到防雪、低溫防凍的目的。

Designers also installed sanding gear in the train, which may help increase traction and prevent the wheels slipping in snowy weather.
同時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)人員還在動(dòng)車(chē)組上安裝了撒砂裝置，能夠在降雪天氣增加阻力，防止車(chē)輪打滑。

牡佳高鐵位于黑龍江省東部地區(qū)，沿線經(jīng)過(guò)牡丹江市、雞西市、七臺(tái)河市、雙鴨山市、佳木斯市等地。

Construction of the Mudanjiang-Jiamusi high-speed railway started in November 2016. The 371-kilometer line, designed for trains running at up to 250 kilometers per hour, will cut travel time between Mudanjiang and Jiamusi from seven to two hours.
牡佳高鐵于2016年11月開(kāi)工，全長(zhǎng)371公里，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)速250公里。通車(chē)后，牡丹江到佳木斯的通行時(shí)間將從7小時(shí)縮短為2小時(shí)。

鐵路部門(mén)介紹，

Since June 10, different types of bullet trains have been put into use in test runs to ensure the line can operate safely, the group said.
自6月10日以來(lái)，已有不同型號(hào)的動(dòng)車(chē)組在該線路試運(yùn)行，以確保線路安全運(yùn)營(yíng)。

The dynamic detection and debugging of rail track, communication, signal, power supply, disaster monitoring and other systems has been completed and the whole system has been optimized, the group said.
軌道、通信、信號(hào)、供電、災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)等系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)檢測(cè)和調(diào)試已完成，整體系統(tǒng)功能得到了優(yōu)化。

鐵路部門(mén)介紹，牡佳高鐵聯(lián)調(diào)聯(lián)試結(jié)束后，將轉(zhuǎn)入運(yùn)行試驗(yàn)階段（trial operation），為后續(xù)全線開(kāi)通運(yùn)營(yíng)奠定基礎(chǔ)。

大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟 big data-enabled price discrimination against existing customers

8月17日，市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局發(fā)布《禁止網(wǎng)絡(luò)不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為規(guī)定》征求意見(jiàn)稿，面向社會(huì)公開(kāi)征求意見(jiàn)。

According to a document published on the website of the State Administration for Market Regulation, business operators should not use data, algorithms or other technical information or means to influence users' choices, hijack traffic or disrupt the operations of website products and services provided by other business operators.
市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局官網(wǎng)發(fā)布的文件提出，經(jīng)營(yíng)者不得利用數(shù)據(jù)、算法等技術(shù)手段，通過(guò)影響用戶(hù)選擇或者其他方式，實(shí)施流量劫持等行為，妨礙、破壞其他經(jīng)營(yíng)者合法提供的網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)正常運(yùn)行。

Companies would also be barred from fabricating or spreading misleading information to damage the reputation of competitors and need to stop marketing practices like fake reviews and coupons or "red envelopes" - cash incentives - used to entice positive ratings.
經(jīng)營(yíng)者不得虛構(gòu)或傳播誤導(dǎo)性信息損害競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的聲譽(yù)，不得采取虛構(gòu)用戶(hù)評(píng)價(jià)，以紅包、卡券等方式誘導(dǎo)用戶(hù)發(fā)好評(píng)等營(yíng)銷(xiāo)行為。

【詞匯講解】

這里的marketing在各類(lèi)商戰(zhàn)劇中很常見(jiàn)，指“activities a company undertakes to promote the buying or selling of a product or service”，即“公司為推動(dòng)其產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)買(mǎi)賣(mài)而舉行的各種活動(dòng)”，也就是“市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)”。最近很火的“直播帶貨”其實(shí)就是通過(guò)直播活動(dòng)宣傳產(chǎn)品，進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)，可以用livestreaming marketing表示。

對(duì)于大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟行為，意見(jiàn)稿明確規(guī)定：

經(jīng)營(yíng)者不得利用數(shù)據(jù)、算法等技術(shù)手段，通過(guò)收集、分析對(duì)方的交易信息、瀏覽內(nèi)容及次數(shù)、交易時(shí)使用的終端設(shè)備的品牌及價(jià)值（collection and analysis of a user's transaction information, browsing history and frequency, as well as brand and value of the mobile device used to complete the transaction）等方式，對(duì)條件相同的交易向?qū)Ψ讲缓侠淼靥峁┎煌慕灰仔畔ⅲ╠isplay unfair and varied information to different users for same product or service），侵害對(duì)方的知情權(quán)、選擇權(quán)、公平交易權(quán)等，擾亂市場(chǎng)公平交易秩序（disrupt the order of fair transactions in the market）。

交易信息包括交易歷史（transaction history）、支付意愿（willingness to pay）、消費(fèi)習(xí)慣（consumption habits）、個(gè)體偏好（personal preference）、支付能力（affordability）、依賴(lài)程度（dependency）、信用狀況（credit history）等。

簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”可以用big data-enabled price discrimination against existing customers表示。