近日，國(guó)家新聞出版署下發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步嚴(yán)格管理 切實(shí)防止未成年人沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的通知》，針對(duì)未成年人過(guò)度使用甚至沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲問(wèn)題，進(jìn)一步嚴(yán)格管理措施。

The notice requires online game companies to allow minors to play only from 8 pm to 9 pm on Fridays, weekends and official holidays, with no access permitted at other times.
通知要求，所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲企業(yè)僅可在周五、周六、周日和法定節(jié)假日每日20時(shí)至21時(shí)向未成年人提供1小時(shí)服務(wù)，其他時(shí)間均不得以任何形式向未成年人提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲服務(wù)。

【單詞講解】

Minor這個(gè)詞用法很多，可以用作動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞。在法律上，minor指未滿18歲的人，即“未成年人”。在學(xué)校里，minor可以指“輔修（課程）”或者“輔修生”，與major（專業(yè)）相對(duì)，比如，I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.（我輔修計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)。）用作形容詞的時(shí)候，minor也是與major相對(duì)的，表示“次要的、輕微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.（她在電影里扮演過(guò)一些小角色。）

Underage和minor都表示“未成年”，二者的區(qū)別在于，underage是形容詞，表示“is legally too young to do something”，也就是“未到法定年齡的”，比如：underage youth（未成年人）、underage drinking（未成年人飲酒行為）等；而minor是名詞，與adult相對(duì)，大家應(yīng)該都很熟悉了，比如：cigarette sales to minors are not allowed（禁止向未成年人銷售香煙）。

為何嚴(yán)格限制未成年人網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲時(shí)間？

2019年國(guó)家新聞出版署《關(guān)于防止未成年人沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的通知》規(guī)定：

Online game companies could provide no more than one and a half hours of service to minors on ordinary days, with the limit set at no more than three hours on official holidays.
網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲企業(yè)向未成年人提供游戲服務(wù)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)，法定節(jié)假日每日累計(jì)不得超過(guò)3小時(shí)，其他時(shí)間每日累計(jì)不得超過(guò)1.5小時(shí)。

對(duì)此不少家長(zhǎng)反映該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)仍較寬松，建議從嚴(yán)壓縮。

Allowing less time for online games will help guide minors to physical exercise and social activities that are better for study and health, the administration said.
此次通知進(jìn)一步壓縮網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲時(shí)間，將引導(dǎo)未成年人積極參與體育鍛煉、社會(huì)實(shí)踐等健康有益的活動(dòng)。

We leave some time for minors to play online games because some teachers and parents said that they understand and accept minors' moderate exposure to the games, especially healthy ones including sports games, programming and chess.
之所以留有少量時(shí)間向未成年人開(kāi)放，主要是部分老師和家長(zhǎng)反映，適度接觸游戲是可以理解和接受的，特別是一些運(yùn)動(dòng)類游戲以及編程、象棋、圍棋等游戲形式，對(duì)青少年健康成長(zhǎng)具有積極作用。

通知提出的其他要求還包括：

It also urged the strict implementation of real-name registration and logins, saying that online game providers must not provide any form of game service to users who fail to register and log in using their real identifications.
嚴(yán)格落實(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲用戶賬號(hào)實(shí)名注冊(cè)和登錄要求，不得以任何形式向未實(shí)名注冊(cè)和登錄的用戶提供游戲服務(wù)。

Press and publication administrations at all levels have been asked to supervise the implementation of related measures and deal with companies that fail to put measures in place.
各級(jí)出版管理部門要加強(qiáng)對(duì)有關(guān)措施落實(shí)情況的監(jiān)督檢查，對(duì)未嚴(yán)格落實(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲企業(yè)，依法依規(guī)嚴(yán)肅處理。

針對(duì)未成年人沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)等問(wèn)題，今年6月1日起施行的《中華人民共和國(guó)未成年人保護(hù)法》作出規(guī)定：

Internet product and service providers shall not offer minors with products and services that induce addiction, says the revision.
網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)提供者不得向未成年人提供誘導(dǎo)其沉迷的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。

Providers of online services, including game, livestream, audio and video, and social media, shall set up corresponding functions such as time limit, authorization and consumption limit for minors, according to the revision.
網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲、網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播、網(wǎng)絡(luò)音視頻、網(wǎng)絡(luò)社交等網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者應(yīng)當(dāng)針對(duì)未成年人使用其服務(wù)設(shè)置相應(yīng)的時(shí)間管理、權(quán)限管理、消費(fèi)管理等功能。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

未成年人權(quán)益 minor's rights and interests

未成年人身心健康 physical and mental health of youngsters

留守兒童 left-behind children

防沉迷系統(tǒng) anti-addiction system

非法彈窗廣告 illegal pop-up ads

實(shí)名注冊(cè) real-name registration

參考來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng)、中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）