不管是工作還是生活，都離不開溝通交流。但很多人的煩惱往往也來自于此，特別是當代年輕人常處于一種“網(wǎng)絡群聊交際花，線下社恐似啞巴”的狀態(tài)。

既然面對面的溝通無法避免，我們應該掌握好聊天的語言藝術(shù)。在與人對話時注意避免以下7個錯誤，可以讓交談變得更加輕松自如高效。

1. Assuming that nobody wants to talk to you
假設沒人愿意和你交談

If you’re shy, I get it. But you’re not the only one. If you’re fretting about seeming confident or “natural,” you’re missing the point: Stop thinking about yourself. Instead, think of reaching out as an act of service.
如果你害羞，可以理解。但你不是唯一一個害羞的人。如果你為表面上的自信或“自然”而煩惱，那你就搞錯了重點：停止考慮自己的感受。相反，把與人交流看作是一種服務。

Note:
Fret 煩惱，煩躁

2. Interrupting or intruding upon an existing conversation
打斷或干擾正在進行的對話

Timing is everything. If you see two or more people vigorously engaged in conversation, they’re probably not ready for you to barge in.
時機決定一切。如果你看到兩個或兩個以上的人聊得正嗨，他們可能還沒有準備好讓你插嘴。

First, wait for a lull. Then once you have someone’s attention and, ideally, receive a non-verbal go-ahead, that’s your chance.
首先，等待一個對話間歇。然后，一旦你吸引了某人的注意力，理想情況下，得到對方的示意，這就是你的機會。

Note:
Lull 平靜時期，間歇

3. Start talking without having something to say
開啟對話時無話可聊

If someone appears distant or lost in thought, moving into their personal space and mumbling “hey” is hardly an icebreaker.
如果有人顯得疏遠或出神了，可以走進他們的私人空間，小聲說嘿很難打破僵局。

Try asking permission (e.g., “Excuse me, do you mind if I ask you something?”) and make sure you have a fully formed question or comment in mind (e.g., “Are you having a good time?” ).
試著征求許可（例如，“對不起，你介意我問你一些事情嗎？”）并確保你腦子里有一個完整的提問或評論（例如，“你玩得開心嗎？”）。

It’s all about creating a comfortable opportunity for the other person to respond.
這一切都是為了給對方創(chuàng)造一個舒適的回應機會。

4. Broaching controversial topics
提出有爭議的話題

If you’re talking to someone new, it’s generally best not to talk about weighty, off-putting or polarizing topics.
如果你在和一個剛認識的人對話，一般最好不要談論沉重、令人不快或兩極分化的話題。

For starters, aim for something simple and close at hand that you and the other person can observe together. Maybe it’s the music you’re both hearing, or the food you’re both tasting.
在初期階段，尋找一些你和別人可以聊到一起的簡單而貼近生活的話題。也許是你們都聽的音樂或品嘗的食物。

5. Being hard to follow
說話讓人難以理解

Once you’ve made a connection with each other, keep that connection going by making yourself easy to understand.
一旦你已經(jīng)與人開始交流，要讓自己的話通俗易懂，將溝通繼續(xù)下去。

If you speak different languages, for example, slow your speech and enunciate clearly. If they ask you what you do for work, answer in a way that doesn’t take five minutes or deploy a lot of workplace jargon.
例如，跨語言交流時放慢你的語速，發(fā)音清晰。如果有人詢問你的工作，回答不要花上五分鐘，也不要使用太多職場術(shù)語。

6. Talking too much about yourself — or about the other person
談論太多關(guān)于你自己或其他人的話題

It’s often said that people love to talk about themselves, and that asking questions is the secret ingredient to good conversations. But that’s not true for everyone.
大家常說，人們喜歡談論自己，提出問題是良好溝通的秘訣。但并非所有人都是這樣。

Nobody likes to feel interrogated, so if you sense that questions aren’t welcome, back off.
沒有人喜歡被審問，所以如果你覺得問題不討喜，就此打住。

7. Wasting someone’s time
浪費別人的時間

If you’re talking to someone, talk to them. Don’t stare at the floor or look over their shoulder at another person. Put your phone away. Be present and give them your full attention.
如果你在和某人對話，就認真講話。不要盯著地板看，也不要回頭看其他人。把你的手機收起來。把你的注意力都留給對方。

來源：CNBC
編輯：董靜