人社部等八部門近日共同印發(fā)《關(guān)于維護(hù)新就業(yè)形態(tài)勞動(dòng)者勞動(dòng)保障權(quán)益的指導(dǎo)意見》。8月18日，人力資源社會(huì)保障部、交通運(yùn)輸部、市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局及全國(guó)總工會(huì)的相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人在國(guó)務(wù)院政策例行吹風(fēng)會(huì)上詳解維護(hù)新就業(yè)形態(tài)勞動(dòng)者權(quán)益的多項(xiàng)新政策。

The guideline clarified labor relations requirements, break arrangements and social insurance for people doing flexible jobs.
指導(dǎo)意見詳解了靈活就業(yè)人員的勞動(dòng)關(guān)系、休息制度以及社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)等問題。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)（mobile internet）時(shí)代，越來越多人的工作任務(wù)來自手機(jī)，就業(yè)形態(tài)也發(fā)生了新變化，出現(xiàn)了由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)作為勞動(dòng)力資源組織方，將勞動(dòng)者和消費(fèi)者直接對(duì)接的新就業(yè)形態(tài)（new employment model connecting workers with consumers directly）。外賣送餐員、快遞配送員、網(wǎng)約車駕駛員、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)營(yíng)銷師等都屬于新就業(yè)形態(tài)。鑒于新就業(yè)形態(tài)勞動(dòng)用工去雇主化、勞動(dòng)關(guān)系靈活化（flexible labor relations）的特點(diǎn)，勞動(dòng)者大部分是靈活就業(yè)人員，與從業(yè)單位之間屬于非穩(wěn)定勞動(dòng)關(guān)系。

不得通過算法等手段侵害勞動(dòng)者的正當(dāng)權(quán)益

市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易監(jiān)督管理司司長(zhǎng)龐錦表示：

Food delivery platforms must establish an income distribution system based on orders the delivery workers take and the intensity of their work. The food delivery workers' income should not be less than the locality's lowest wage standard.
外賣平臺(tái)要建立以工作任務(wù)、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度相匹配的收入分配機(jī)制，勞動(dòng)者的勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬不低于當(dāng)?shù)刈畹凸べY標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

The algorithms used to send orders to delivery workers and time limits for food delivery cannot be used as assessment criteria. Food delivery platforms are expected to relax delivery time limits.
派單算法以及配送時(shí)限不能作為評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，外賣平臺(tái)應(yīng)適當(dāng)放寬配送時(shí)限。

督促網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)降低過高的抽成比例

交通運(yùn)輸部運(yùn)輸服務(wù)司負(fù)責(zé)人李華強(qiáng)表示，

There are over 3.51 million licensed ride-hailing drivers serving 236 platforms nationwide.
目前全國(guó)共有236家網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)企業(yè)，取得許可的網(wǎng)約車駕駛員超過351萬人。

Some ride-hailing applications had encroached on drivers' rights by collecting high commissions, meaning they have to work longer to maintain their incomes.
有些網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)設(shè)置過高抽成比例，侵害了駕駛員的權(quán)益，駕駛員為了保證收入只能超時(shí)勞動(dòng)。

【詞匯講解】

Commission這個(gè)詞，常見的意思是“委員會(huì)”，比如：中央全面依法治國(guó)委員會(huì)（the Commission for Law-based Governance under the CPC Central Committee），中央紀(jì)律檢查委員會(huì)（the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection），國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委員會(huì)（National Health Commission）等，但是在本文的語境中，commission指的是“a fee paid to an agent or employee for transacting a piece of business or performing a service，especially a percentage of the money received from a total paid to the agent responsible for the business”（代理人或員工完成一項(xiàng)交易或服務(wù)后收取的費(fèi)用，尤指從整個(gè)交易費(fèi)用中劃出的一定比例的金錢收入），也就是“傭金，提成，抽成”等，比如：He gets a commission for each car he sells（他每賣掉一輛車就有一份提成收入）。

The Ministry of Transport will require ride-hailing platforms to sign formal labor contracts with drivers and clarify the platforms' responsibilities to the drivers they employ.
交通運(yùn)輸部將督促網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)與駕駛員簽訂正式勞動(dòng)合同，落實(shí)駕駛員權(quán)益保障責(zé)任。

職業(yè)傷害保障試點(diǎn)

The country will carry out pilots to offer occupational injury insurance for the flexibly employed in ride-hailing, food delivery, and instant delivery platform enterprises.
我國(guó)將以出行、外賣、即時(shí)配送等行業(yè)的平臺(tái)企業(yè)為重點(diǎn)，組織開展平臺(tái)靈活就業(yè)人員職業(yè)傷害保障試點(diǎn)。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

多層次社會(huì)保障體系 multi-tiered social security system

快遞員 deliveryman/courier

貨到付款（到付） cash on delivery

保價(jià) parcel insurance, value insurance

商貿(mào)物流 logistics network for commercial services and international trade

新型消費(fèi)模式 new types of consumption

參考來源：新華網(wǎng)、中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 Helen）