國務院新聞辦公室8月12日發(fā)表《全面建成小康社會：中國人權事業(yè)發(fā)展的光輝篇章》白皮書。

雙語全文如下：

全面建成小康社會：中國人權事業(yè)發(fā)展的光輝篇章
Moderate Prosperity in All Respects: Another Milestone Achieved in China’s Human Rights

中華人民共和國
國務院新聞辦公室
2021年8月
The State Council Information Office of
the People’s Republic of China
August 2021

目錄
Contents

前言
Foreword

一、全面建成小康社會開辟人權事業(yè)新境界
I. Achieving Moderate Prosperity and Advancing Human Rights

二、消除絕對貧困實現(xiàn)基本生活水準權
II. Ending Extreme Poverty and Securing the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living

三、以發(fā)展促人權增進經(jīng)濟社會文化權利
III. Boosting Human Rights with Development and Securing Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

四、實行良法善治維護公民權利政治權利
IV. Protecting Civil and Political Rights with Law and Governance

五、促進社會公平保障特定群體權益
V. Promoting Social Equity and Protecting the Rights of Special Groups

結束語
Conclusion

前言
Foreword

人權是人類文明進步的成果和標志，尊重和保障人權是現(xiàn)代文明的基本精神，也是中國共產(chǎn)黨人的不懈追求。中國共產(chǎn)黨是為人民謀幸福的政黨。中國共產(chǎn)黨的100年，是爭取人權、尊重人權、保障人權、發(fā)展人權的100年，極大提高了中國人權文明水平，豐富發(fā)展了人類文明多樣性。
Human rights are an achievement of humanity and a symbol of progress. Respect for and protection of human rights is a basic principle of modern civilization, and the unwavering goal of the Chinese Communists. The Communist Party of China (CPC) seeks happiness for the people. Its 100-year history records its efforts in fighting for, respecting, protecting, and developing human rights. Owing to its efforts, human rights in China have greatly improved, adding diversity to human civilization.

全面建成小康社會是中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府為增進人民福祉、提高全體人民人權保障水平、實現(xiàn)國家現(xiàn)代化而實施的一項重大國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。2021年7月1日，中共中央總書記、國家主席習近平在北京代表黨和人民莊嚴宣告，“我們實現(xiàn)了第一個百年奮斗目標，在中華大地上全面建成了小康社會，歷史性地解決了絕對貧困問題，正在意氣風發(fā)向著全面建成社會主義現(xiàn)代化強國的第二個百年奮斗目標邁進”。這是中國人權進程中一個激動人心的時刻、一個載入史冊的時刻、一個繼往開來的時刻。
Building China into a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a major strategy designed by the Party and the government to improve the wellbeing of the people, better protect human rights, and achieve modernization of the country. On July 1, 2021, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and president of China, solemnly declared in Beijing on behalf of the Party and the people that we had realized the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. This means we have brought about a historic resolution to the problem of extreme poverty in China, and we are now marching with confidence towards the goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects. It is an exciting moment for human rights in China, a moment that will go down in history, and a moment from which we will forge ahead into the future.

全面建成小康社會是中國共產(chǎn)黨不忘初心、牢記使命的真實寫照。在中國共產(chǎn)黨的領導下，中國人民奮力決勝全面小康，最終實現(xiàn)了從貧困到溫飽到總體小康直到全面小康的歷史跨越。
The realization of all-round moderate prosperity shows that the CPC has stayed true to its original aspiration and founding mission. Under the CPC leadership, the Chinese people worked hard in the final stage towards this goal, and finally completed the historic transformation from poverty to secure access to food and clothing, to a decent life, and finally to moderate prosperity.

全面小康是經(jīng)濟富裕、政治民主、文化繁榮、社會公平、生態(tài)良好的小康，是城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域均衡發(fā)展、惠及全體人民的小康，是切實尊重和全面保障人權的小康。中國全面建成小康社會，夯實了人權基礎，豐富了人權內涵，拓寬了人權視野，意味著人權的全面發(fā)展和全民共享，譜寫了中國人權事業(yè)的新篇章，創(chuàng)造了人類尊重和保障人權的奇跡。
Moderate prosperity in China is evident in all respects: a buoyant economy, political democracy, a flourishing culture, social equity, and healthy ecosystems; balanced development between urban and rural areas to the benefit of all the people; and high respect for and comprehensive protection of human rights. China’s realization of moderate prosperity serves as a solid foundation for human rights, and takes a deeper and broader perspective on this cause. It represents comprehensive progress in ensuring universal human rights in China, and a new contribution to the world’s human rights cause.

一、全面建成小康社會開辟人權事業(yè)新境界
I. Achieving Moderate Prosperity and Advancing Human Rights

在中國，“小康”是一個古老的詞匯，指免于勞苦和匱乏，生活水平處于溫飽與富裕之間的一種較為殷實幸福的狀態(tài)。享有安寧、祥和與幸福的生活是人們自古以來的美好愿景。改革開放之初，中國根據(jù)自身具體國情提出建設小康社會的目標，蘊含著關注和增進民生福祉、保障和促進人權的豐富內涵。全面建成小康社會開辟了全面保障人權的新時代。
Xiaokang, an ancient term in China, refers to a status of moderate prosperity whereby people are neither rich nor poor but free from want and toil. It has been the people’s wish since ancient times to live a life of peace, stability and happiness. In the early period of reform and opening up, based on its own national conditions, China articulated the goal of building a moderately prosperous society, which demonstrated its concern for improving the people’s wellbeing, and its commitment to protecting and promoting human rights. The realization of all-round moderate prosperity ushers in a new era for the protection of human rights in all respects.

1.全面建成小康社會的光輝歷程
1. The Journey to Moderate Prosperity

建設小康社會是20世紀80年代以來，中國共產(chǎn)黨領導中國實現(xiàn)國家富強、民族復興、人民幸福的宏偉戰(zhàn)略?；趯χ袊l(fā)展實際的分析和判斷，中國共產(chǎn)黨提出堅持以經(jīng)濟建設為中心，通過經(jīng)濟發(fā)展帶動整個社會進步。從那時起，“小康”“全面建設小康社會”“全面建成小康社會”成為中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府的階段性奮斗目標。
Building a moderately prosperous society has been a grand strategy since the 1980s, designed to realize national prosperity and rejuvenation, and ensure the people’s wellbeing in China under the leadership of the CPC. Based on its analysis and judgment of China’s realities at that time, the CPC decided to focus on economic development to drive social progress on all fronts. Since then, the CPC and the Chinese government have made it a key goal to build a moderately prosperous society by stages.

1979年12月，鄧小平提出建設“小康之家”的設想，創(chuàng)造性地借用“小康”這個富有中國傳統(tǒng)文化特色的概念來表述“中國式的現(xiàn)代化”的重要內容與目標。1982年中共十二大報告明確，從1981年到20世紀末的二十年，力爭使全國工農(nóng)業(yè)的年總產(chǎn)值翻兩番，解決人民的溫飽問題。1992年中共十四大報告指出，11億人民的溫飽問題已經(jīng)基本解決，正在向小康邁進。
In December 1979, Deng Xiaoping presented the vision of building a xiaokang society. The reference to xiaokang grounded the goal of China’s modernization firmly in traditional Chinese culture. The report to the 12th CPC National Congress in 1982 defined the goal to quadruple the annual gross output value of industry and agriculture and secure the people’s basic needs in two decades from 1981 to the end of the 20th century. The report to the 14th CPC National Congress in 1992 stated that the country had ensured the basic needs of 1.1 billion Chinese people and was moving on towards xiaokang.

2002年中共十六大報告宣告，“人民生活總體上實現(xiàn)了由溫飽到小康的歷史性跨越”，并進一步提出“全面建設小康社會”的目標：在本世紀頭二十年，集中力量，全面建設惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會，使經(jīng)濟更加發(fā)展、民主更加健全、科教更加進步、文化更加繁榮、社會更加和諧、人民生活更加殷實。
The report to the 16th CPC National Congress in 2002 declared that on the whole the people had made a historic leap from having only adequate food and clothing to leading a life of moderate prosperity, and set forth the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects: In the first two decades of the 21st century, China would build a society of moderate prosperity of a higher standard in an all-round way to the benefit of over one billion people; China would further develop the economy, improve democracy, advance science and education, promote cultural prosperity, foster social harmony, and upgrade the quality of life for the people.

2012年中共十八大報告進一步提出“確保到2020年實現(xiàn)全面建成小康社會宏偉目標”，實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，人民民主不斷擴大，人權得到切實尊重和保障，文化軟實力顯著增強，人民生活水平全面提高，資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會建設取得重大進展。2017年中共十九大報告提出決勝全面建成小康社會，要求緊扣中國社會主要矛盾變化，統(tǒng)籌推進經(jīng)濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態(tài)文明建設，攻堅克難，使全面建成小康社會得到人民認可、經(jīng)得起歷史檢驗。
The report to the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 laid out the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020. According to this report, China’s economy would maintain sustained and sound development, people’s democracy would be expanded, and human rights would be fully respected and protected. The country’s cultural soft power would be improved significantly. Living standards would be raised. Major progress would be made in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society. The report to the 19th CPC National Congress in 2017 pointed out that to succeed in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, China must strive against all difficulties to promote coordinated progress in the economic, political, cultural, social and eco-environmental fields in light of the current principal challenge facing the country, so that the moderately prosperous society it builds earns the people’s approval and stands the test of time.

2021年7月1日，中共中央總書記、國家主席習近平在北京代表黨和人民莊嚴宣告，在中華大地上全面建成了小康社會。
On July 1, 2021, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and president of China, declared on behalf of the Party and the people that China had realized the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

小康社會的全面建成，標志著中華民族偉大復興中國夢邁出關鍵一步，實現(xiàn)了中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府向人民、向歷史作出的莊嚴承諾。
This is a critical step towards the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation, fulfilling the historic commitment of the CPC and the Chinese government to the people.

2.全面建成小康社會的人權內涵
2. Steps Taken to Protect Human Rights

全面建成小康社會的進程，也是中國人權事業(yè)全方位發(fā)展的進程，始終體現(xiàn)和包含著解放人、保障人、發(fā)展人的戰(zhàn)略、目標和任務。
The route to all-round moderate prosperity coincides with comprehensive progress in human rights in China, which involves all the steps necessary to liberate, protect and develop the individual.

全面建成小康社會首先要保障生存權。生存是享有一切人權的基礎。小康社會建設將解決溫飽問題、保障生存權作為首要目標，不斷滿足人民日益增長的物質文化需要。在全面建成小康社會進程中，人民生活質量顯著提高，衣食住行用都有較大改善，生存權保障水平穩(wěn)步提升。
Prioritizing the right to subsistence. The right to subsistence comes first among all human rights. A moderately prosperous society takes it as the primary goal to secure adequate food and clothing and protect the right to subsistence, and takes further steps to meet the growing material and cultural needs of the people. Visible progress in securing basic needs and remarkable improvements in living standards are the natural results of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

全面建成小康社會必然要實現(xiàn)各類人權協(xié)調發(fā)展。全面小康強調保障物質文明、政治文明、精神文明、社會文明、生態(tài)文明建設成果惠及人民。堅持人權相互依存、不可分割的基本原則，既保護經(jīng)濟社會文化權利，又保障公民人身權、人格權、財產(chǎn)權和民主政治權利，全方位增進各類人權和基本自由。
Realizing the coordinated development of all human rights. A moderately prosperous society emphasizes economic, political, cultural, social, and eco-environmental progress to benefit the people. It upholds the basic principle of interdependence and indivisibility of human rights. To advance all human rights and fundamental freedoms in all respects, it protects economic, social, and cultural rights, political and democratic rights, personal rights, personality rights, and property rights.

全面建成小康社會就是要促進所有人的人權。全面小康，本質上是全民共享人權的小康。在全面建成小康社會的歷史進程中，中國構建起機會公平、規(guī)則公平和權利公平的社會公平體系，切實保障人民平等參與發(fā)展、共同促進發(fā)展、共享發(fā)展成果。中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府堅持人權主體的普遍性，確保全面小康路上不讓一個人掉隊；堅持共同富裕方針，通過一部分人先富帶動全體人民共富，讓發(fā)展成果平等惠及全民，實現(xiàn)分配正義；堅持法律面前人人平等和不歧視原則，確保全體公民不分民族、種族、性別、職業(yè)、家庭出身、宗教信仰、教育程度、財產(chǎn)狀況、居住期限，一律、無差別地享有人權，受到同等的尊重；堅持保護弱勢群體，以堅定決心、精準思路、有力措施，舉全社會之力，向絕對貧困發(fā)起總攻，重點保障貧困地區(qū)、貧困人口的基本權利。
Advancing the rights of all people. All-round moderate prosperity means all the people enjoy human rights. In the process of creating this society, China has built a system guaranteeing social equity with equal opportunities, equal rules and equal rights, in which all can participate in, contribute to, and enjoy development.
The CPC and the Chinese government uphold the universality of human rights and ensure that no one is left behind on the way towards prosperity. Holding fast to the principle of common prosperity, they allowed some people to create wealth as a first step to bringing prosperity for all. They have ensured just distribution in order that the fruits of development benefit all people equally. They adhere to the principles of equality before the law and non-discrimination, making sure all citizens are entitled to equal rights and respect without discrimination of any kind, such as ethnicity, race, gender, occupation, birth, religion, education, property, or length of residence. Committed to protecting the basic rights of vulnerable groups, particularly poor people in impoverished areas, they have eliminated extreme poverty by applying strong determination, clear thinking, effective measures, and all resources available.

3.全面建成小康社會的人權意義
3. Reinforced Groundwork for Human Rights

人權是善治之本。中國全面建成小康社會，始終堅持尊重人權、保障人權、促進人權的價值遵循，將增加人民的獲得感、幸福感、安全感作為出發(fā)點和落腳點。
Human rights are the foundation of good governance. China has always been committed to respecting, protecting and advancing human rights, and increasing the people’s sense of fulfillment, happiness and security. The route to moderate prosperity has reinforced the groundwork for human rights.

全面建成小康社會為人權保障與發(fā)展奠定了堅實物質基礎。在全面建成小康社會進程中，中國堅定不移貫徹新發(fā)展理念，保持經(jīng)濟長期快速增長，穩(wěn)定解決了十幾億人的溫飽問題；破除城鄉(xiāng)二元結構，改革收入分配格局，人民收入水平不斷提升；開展精準扶貧、精準脫貧，決勝脫貧攻堅，加強對各類弱勢群體的保護；基本建立覆蓋全民的社會保障體系，人民健康和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生水平大幅提高；建設完善公共文化服務體系，全面實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)免費義務教育，構建高效泛在的信息網(wǎng)絡；加快生態(tài)文明建設，實施環(huán)境保護基本國策，污染防治力度加大，生態(tài)環(huán)境明顯改善。全面建成小康社會，經(jīng)濟、社會、文化、環(huán)境權利更加公平可及，各類主體在經(jīng)濟、政治、社會和文化等領域的平等參與和平等發(fā)展，更加切實和順暢便捷。
Providing a solid material foundation for protecting and developing human rights. In the process of building a moderately prosperous society, China has maintained its commitment to the new development philosophy. The economy has achieved long-term rapid growth and the basic needs of over one billion people have been met. The urban-rural divide has been resolved and the income distribution profile has been reformed to improve living standards. Targeted poverty reduction and eradication has achieved success, strengthening protection of all vulnerable groups. A social security system covering all the people is in place, with better medical services and a higher overall level of health. Public cultural services have improved. Free compulsory education has been realized in both urban and rural areas. An efficient and ubiquitous information network has been set up. With accelerated efforts to build an eco-civilization, a basic national policy of environmental protection has been implemented, measures to prevent and control pollution have intensified, and the eco-environment has notably improved. In a moderately prosperous society, economic, political, social, cultural and environmental rights are more equitable and more easily accessible to all people to ensure equal rights to participation and development in all fields.

全面建成小康社會為人權保障與發(fā)展奠定了堅實民主政治基礎。堅持中國共產(chǎn)黨領導、人民當家作主、依法治國有機統(tǒng)一，黨的領導體制機制更加完善，人民代表大會制度、中國共產(chǎn)黨領導的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度、民族區(qū)域自治制度、基層群眾自治制度穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。社會主義民主政治制度化、規(guī)范化、法治化、程序化建設不斷推進，民主形式更加豐富，民主渠道更加暢通，共建共享的社會治理格局初步構建，人民當家作主落實到國家政治生活和社會生活之中，公民權利更有保障，民主政治權利更加充分。
Providing a solid political and democratic foundation for protecting and developing human rights. In achieving moderate prosperity, China has ensured that the Party’s leadership, the people’s position as masters of the country and law-based governance form an indivisible whole. The institutions and mechanisms by which the Party exercises leadership have improved. The system of people’s congresses, the system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of community-level self-governance have developed steadily.
The institutions, standards and procedures of law-based socialist democracy have improved, with more diverse forms of democracy and wider democratic channels. A social governance model based on collaboration and common interests has taken shape and the principle of the people as masters of the country is put into practice in China’s political and social fields. Civil, political and democratic rights are better protected.

全面建成小康社會推動了人權法治保障持續(xù)加強?！皣易鹬睾捅Ｕ先藱唷陛d入憲法，成為治國理政重要原則。全面推進依法治國上升為國家戰(zhàn)略，保證憲法全面實施的體制機制不斷健全，科學立法、嚴格執(zhí)法、公正司法、全民守法深入推進，法治國家、法治政府、法治社會建設相互促進，中國特色社會主義法治體系日益完善，全社會法治觀念明顯增強。行政體制改革、國家監(jiān)察體制改革、司法體制改革取得實效，權力運行制約和監(jiān)督體系建設有效實施。人權保障法治化水平不斷提升。
Strengthening legal protection for human rights. The Constitution stipulates that the state shall respect and protect human rights, which is an important principle in state governance. Advancing the rule of law has been made a national strategy. Systems and mechanisms to ensure the enforcement of the Constitution are improving. Further progress has been made to ensure sound lawmaking, strict law enforcement, impartial administration of justice, and the observance of law by all. Our efforts to build a country, government, and society based on the rule of law are mutually reinforcing. The system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics has been steadily improved, and public awareness of the rule of law has risen markedly.
Good progress has been made in reforming the system of government administration, the national supervision system, and the judicial system. Effective measures have been taken to develop other systems to strengthen checks and oversight over the exercise of power. The role of the rule of law in protecting human rights has been enhanced.

全面建成小康社會培育了全社會尊重和保障人權的文化。全面建成小康社會，推動了中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的創(chuàng)造性轉化、創(chuàng)新性發(fā)展，社會主義核心價值觀深入人心，公共文化服務水平不斷提高，文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。全面建成小康社會，更好構筑了中國精神、中國價值、中國力量，文化自信得到彰顯，國家文化軟實力和中華文化影響力大幅提升。全面建成小康社會的過程，也是每一個人對自身價值、人格尊嚴和主體地位認識不斷提升的過程，促進了尊重和保障人權文化氛圍的形成。
Fostering a culture to respect and protect human rights throughout society. In building a moderately prosperous society, China has promoted the creative evolution of fine traditional culture, and rooted the core socialist values among the people. Public cultural services have been improved, with cultural programs and industries flourishing. Endeavors to achieve moderate prosperity have fostered a Chinese spirit, Chinese values, and Chinese strength, and cultivated stronger cultural confidence. China’s cultural soft power and the international influence of Chinese culture have increased significantly. The process of achieving moderate prosperity helps everyone improve the understanding of their own value, personal dignity and principal status, fostering a culture that respects and protects human rights.