南京疫情 COVID-19 cases in Nanjing

7月27日，江蘇省南京市召開新聞發(fā)布會，據(jù)南京市疾控中心副主任丁潔介紹，從測序完成的病例看，目前引起南京疫情的毒株是德爾塔毒株（Delta variant）。

【知識點】

今年5月，針對變異毒株難念難寫又難記的問題，同時也為了避免將毒株和地名聯(lián)系在一起產(chǎn)生的污名化問題，世界衛(wèi)生組織建議用希臘字母表來給新冠變種毒株重新命名（new names for Coronavirus variants using letters from the Greek alphabet）。

截至2021年5月31日，世衛(wèi)組織已經(jīng)給6個待觀察變種（Variant of Interest）和4個須關(guān)切變種（Variant of Concern）指定了名字。這4個值得關(guān)注的變種分別被命名為Alpha（又名為B.1.1.7，首次在英國發(fā)現(xiàn)）、Beta（B.1.351，首次在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)）、Gamma（P.1，首次在巴西發(fā)現(xiàn)）和Delta（B.1.617.2，首次在印度發(fā)現(xiàn)）。

Nanjing has added more than 100 locally transmitted COVID-19 cases since a few airport workers tested positive for coronavirus last week.
自上周南京機場幾位工作人員新冠病毒檢測陽性以來，該市本土新增新冠肺炎病例已超過100例。

南京本輪疫情近日病例不但持續(xù)增加，而且出現(xiàn)了外溢效應(yīng)，已關(guān)聯(lián)廣東、遼寧、安徽、江蘇以及四川共5省。

So far, the virus cluster in Nanjing has involved airport workers and their contacts, but new infections were also reported among flight passengers in other parts of China who have visited the Nanjing airport.
到目前為止，南京的聚集性感染主要涉及機場工作人員及其接觸人群，不過在其他省市報告的新增病例中也有曾經(jīng)到過南京機場的飛機乘客。

South China's Guangdong province last Thursday reported a new locally transmitted asymptomatic carrier, a flight passenger returning from Nanjing.
廣東省上周四（7月22日）報告的一例本土新增無癥狀感染者就是從南京回去的飛機乘客。

Sichuan province in southwest China on Saturday also reported a confirmed COVID-19 case in the city of Mianyang, after it launched mass testing among travelers from Nanjing.
四川省綿陽市對從南京相關(guān)人員進行檢測后，于上周六（7月24日）報告了一例確診病例。

On Monday, northeast China's Liaoning province reported three asymptomatic cases in the city of Dalian, who had transited via the airport and spent around two hours there.
本周一（7月26日）遼寧省大連市報告的三例無癥狀感染者之前曾在南京機場轉(zhuǎn)機，在那里停留了2個小時。

對于近期病例報告增幅較大，丁潔解釋說，

The recent spike in infections in the city can be attributed to the special location of the outbreak and the highly contagious nature of the strain.
近期感染病例增幅較大一是因為此次疫情暴發(fā)場所具有特殊性，二是因為德爾塔變異病毒傳播能力強。

南京搭建6座“獵鷹號”氣膜實驗室

Nanjing started building six "Falcon" testing labs on Sunday. Three of the labs went into operation on Monday morning, and the others were completed by the end of Tuesday.
7月25日，南京開始搭建6座“獵鷹號”氣膜實驗室，其中3座氣膜實驗室已于7月26日搭建完成，開始檢測工作，余下3座氣膜實驗室于27日搭建完成。

When all six labs are in use, 180,000 sample tubes can be tested daily, and if mixed sample tests are carried out, 1.8 million people can be screened every day.
6座氣膜實驗室全部投入使用后，每日可檢測18萬管，如果是進行混檢，每日可篩檢180萬人次。

南京進一步升級了疫情防控措施

Closed-loop management will be imposed for airport staff members. Other workers, such as salespeople and servers at the airport's restaurants, will be quarantined.
對機場工作人員實行閉環(huán)管理，對機場商鋪銷售人員以及餐館服務(wù)員進行隔離。

The operations of offline after-school training institutions will be suspended, along with those of karaoke lounges, cinemas, nightclubs and gymnasiums, Nanjing's city government said.
暫停KTV、電影院、健身房、酒吧等密閉場所營業(yè)，暫停培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)（含托管）線下服務(wù)。

All drugstores in Nanjing will suspend the sale of antibiotics and drugs for cough, fever and fighting viruses, both online and offline, it said.
全市零售藥店暫停向市民銷售（含網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售）退熱、止咳、抗病毒和抗生素等“四類藥品”。

All the city's communities and villages have been ordered to adopt strict controls. Anyone entering communities or villages must have their temperature checked, present a green QR code and wear a mask.
市內(nèi)所有社區(qū)（村）實行嚴(yán)格管控，進出人員一律實行測溫、驗碼、佩戴口罩等措施。

目前，南京全城已經(jīng)開展了2輪全員核酸檢測（mass nucleic acid test），有的重點區(qū)域開展了3輪。

丁潔提醒廣大南京市民，一旦出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱（fever）、乏力（fatigue）、干咳（cough），嗅覺、味覺減退（reduced sense of taste and smell）等癥狀，一定要去就近的發(fā)熱門診就診，及時做好核酸檢測。

人臉識別 facial recognition

近年來，人臉識別技術(shù)在社會生活中得到廣泛運用，隨之而來的糾紛也日益增多。近日公布的《最高人民法院關(guān)于審理使用人臉識別技術(shù)處理個人信息相關(guān)民事案件適用法律若干問題的規(guī)定》，進一步明確這些熱點問題的適用法律，為維護個人信息安全增添保障。

Shops installing face-scanning systems to gather consumers' data without their permission and software operators forcing users to give their facial information will be in violation of people's personality rights, the document said.
規(guī)定指出，商家在未經(jīng)同意的情況下擅自安裝刷臉系統(tǒng)采集消費者人臉信息，軟件運營商強迫用戶提供人臉信息等行為均屬于侵害自然人人格權(quán)益的行為。

【知識點】

根據(jù)民法典規(guī)定，人格權(quán)（personality rights）是民事主體享有的生命權(quán)、身體權(quán)、健康權(quán)、姓名權(quán)、名稱權(quán)、肖像權(quán)、名譽權(quán)、隱私權(quán)（rights of one's life, human body, health, name,identity, image, reputation and privacy）等權(quán)利。

When online platforms or apps try to get the approval of users in processing their facial information, the specific clauses have to be presented to the users for special consideration rather than buried in the general terms of use, says the document.
網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺或移動應(yīng)用程序在征得個人同意時，必須就人臉信息處理活動單獨取得個人的同意，不能通過一攬子告知同意等方式征得個人同意。

It also rules out the practice of forcing users to agree to facial recognition terms if they want to use their services, which do not rely on the access of facial information.
對于“不點擊同意就不提供服務(wù)”等方式強迫用戶同意處理其非必要人臉信息的，人民法院不予支持。

【詞匯講解】

這里的rule out是一個固定搭配的短語，表示“exclude; make impossible”，即“排除”，上文的規(guī)定是最高法出臺的，所以這里的rule out其實包含“禁止”的意思。此外，在體育比賽中，rule out也可以用來表示“出局”，比如：The latest loss ruled him out of the final（他最近這次失利使他無緣決賽）。

For the situation where property management service enterprises set up facial recognition as the only verification method for people entering a property, the document says reasonable alternative methods must be provided for those who do not agree to use facial recognition.
對于部分小區(qū)物業(yè)將人臉識別作為出入小區(qū)的唯一驗證方式的問題，規(guī)定明確，物業(yè)應(yīng)為不同意使用人臉識別的使用人提供其他合理驗證方式。

提前鎖定冠亞軍 ensure a one-two finish

7月29日，中國羽毛球混雙兩對選手在半決賽中均戰(zhàn)勝對手，提前鎖定該項目的金銀牌。
China has ensured a one-two finish in badminton mixed doubles after two Chinese pairs beat their respective opponents in the semifinals on Thursday.

“Ensure a one-two finish”的意思就是確保了決賽中第一和第二名的位置，即“提前鎖定金銀牌（冠亞軍）”。

同時，中國乒乓球女子單打選手陳夢和孫穎莎也在半決賽中戰(zhàn)勝各自的對手，將于今晚會師決賽。
Chen Meng and Sun Yingsha beat their respective opponent in table tennis women's singles semifinals to set up an all-China clash late on Thursday.

這里的“set up an all-China clash”字面意思是“出現(xiàn)了全是中國選手的對決”，其實就是我們所說的“會師決賽”。

破防 overwhelmed

7月27日晚舉行的女子體操團體決賽中，中國選手蘆玉菲從杠上掉落。她站起來后第一句話是“可以再翻嗎”。一句話讓網(wǎng)友破防。

不難看出，“破防”又是該死的隱喻（metaphor），字面意思是“break through the defensive line”。在以上兩處語境下，“破防”表達的意思也不難理解：moved to tears。

對一般英文學(xué)習(xí)者而言，以“moved to tears”來表達“破防”足矣。但是，從翻譯角度而言，不妨提高一點點要求：能否找到一個英文單詞，既稍微兼顧隱喻又傳遞意思？

文刀君認(rèn)為常用詞“overwhelm”就是一個不錯的選擇。

“overwhelm”可以表達“defeat completely/ gain complete control over（擊潰、征服）”之意，比如，The rebels were overwhelmed by the army。

“overwhelm”亦常常用在諸多“情緒（emotions）”上，比如“be overwhelmed with joy 喜不自勝”，“be overwhelmed （by their support）深受感動”。

不妨以這句新聞標(biāo)題為例：

“廢墟獲救嬰兒的母親遇難，她最后的姿勢全網(wǎng)破防”。

英文可以這樣說：

Netizens （are）overwhelmed by mother who died holding up her baby （in recent floods）

“overwhelm”是實踐中的常用詞，要會用，要用好。

除了“overwhelm”這種比較正經(jīng)的書面和口語表達，文刀君再推薦一個國外年輕人常用的非正式用語：“(give someone so many) feels”。

先來看看美國網(wǎng)絡(luò)俚語詞典urbandictionary.com對“feels”的解釋：

Feelings you get when something you read/see/hear/etc is just so touching and perfect.

在線詞典dictionary.com 對“feels”的解釋如下：

The slang term describes an overwhelming emotional reaction.

以“中國選手蘆玉菲的話讓網(wǎng)友破防了”為例，英文可以說：

Lu's remarks gave netizens so many feels.

張家界景區(qū)關(guān)閉 closure of scenic areas in Zhangjiajie

7月29日，多地陸續(xù)報告有張家界市旅居史的新冠病毒感染人員。當(dāng)日，張家界市在新聞發(fā)布會上宣布，張家界所有景區(qū)景點于7月30日上午關(guān)閉。

Tourists are advised against going to Zhangjiajie in Central China's Hunan province as the city has become another key point of resurgence of COVID-19 epidemic spreading in China, according to local health authorities on Thursday.
張家界衛(wèi)健委7月29日表示，該市已經(jīng)成為新冠疫情另一個主要傳播點，建議游客近期不要前往張家界。

All visitors in the city are urged to take a nucleic acid test for the virus and not to leave until they had the results.
目前在張家界的所有游客應(yīng)進行核酸檢測，結(jié)果出來之前不要離開該市。

7月20日以來，張家界市先后接到大連、成都等地推送的疫情相關(guān)通知和協(xié)查函6批次。

Three asymptomatic carriers were reported on Monday, and one confirmed case on Tuesday, in Dalian, Liaoning province.
7月26日，遼寧省大連市報告3例無癥狀感染者，7月27日，又報告1例確診病例。

流調(diào)報告顯示：

All four had been at the Charm Xiangxi Theater in the Wulingyuan scenic area on July 22, watching a show.
7月22日，上述四人都曾在武陵源風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)魅力湘西劇場觀看演出。

The three asymptomatic carriers flew to Zhangjiajie via Nanjing, Jiangsu province, on July 17. They stayed at Lukou International Airport for around two hours for flight transfer.
7月17日，上述3例無癥狀感染者經(jīng)江蘇南京飛抵張家界，他們曾在南京祿口國際機場轉(zhuǎn)機時停留2小時。

7月28日晚，張家界發(fā)布《關(guān)于魅力湘西疫情防控情況通告》。

Zhangjiajie health authorities said that all audience members who watched the performance from 6 pm to 7 pm on July 22 are at high risk of coronavirus infection and should report to their residential community or local disease control and prevention centers for immediate testing.
張家界衛(wèi)健委表示，7月22日晚18點至19點時段魅力湘西所有觀眾屬于高風(fēng)險人群，應(yīng)立即向當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)或疾控機構(gòu)報告并配合檢測。

The Charm Xiangxi Theater, which can accommodate an audience of around 2,800, has been closed for a week starting on Wednesday. People who bought tickets for the week ahead can get refunds.
能容納約2800名觀眾的魅力湘西劇場自7月28日起關(guān)閉一周，已購票人員可以辦理退票。

張家界市已于7月28日啟動對武陵源區(qū)、永定城區(qū)及慈利縣三官寺土家族鄉(xiāng)實現(xiàn)全員核酸檢測。

As of 6 pm on Thursday, samples from 226,014 people had been collected, and one of the samples tested positive.
截至7月29日18點，已完成采樣226014份，其中1例為陽性。

So far，at least 19 people from outside Zhangjiajie－four in Liaoning province, five in Sichuan province, two in Chongqing, two in Beijing, two in Hunan and four in Jiangsu province－h(huán)ave tested positive for COVID-19. All had traveled to Zhangjiajie or have had close contact with people who have returned from the city.
截至目前，張家界以外地區(qū)已經(jīng)有至少19人新冠病毒檢測呈陽性，其中遼寧4例，四川5例，重慶2例，北京2例，湖南2例，江蘇4例。所有人員均有過張家界旅居史或者與張家界有關(guān)人員有密切接觸。

Authorities in Zhangjiajie have ordered the closure of places where people gather in large numbers to curb the spread of COVID-19 on Thursday. The shutdowns apply to shopping centers, cinemas, theaters, KTVs and dance halls.
7月29日，張家界市關(guān)停全市范圍內(nèi)旅游購物場所、電影院、劇院、KTV、歌舞廳等人員聚集密閉場所，以防止新冠病毒傳播。

The venues should cease business activities, disinfect their premises and organize all their employees to undergo nucleic acid testing, according to the city's headquarters for COVID-19 prevention and control.
張家界市新冠肺炎防控指揮部表示，上述所有經(jīng)營場所停止一切經(jīng)營活動，做好環(huán)境消殺工作，組織全體從業(yè)人員開展核酸檢測。

（中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津 編輯）