循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì) circular economy

China unveiled a plan to promote circular economy for the next five years on July 7, aiming to basically establish a resources recycling system in the country by 2025 as part of efforts to achieve carbon peak and neutrality goals.
為推動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和，7月7日，我國發(fā)布《"十四五"循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃》?！兑?guī)劃》提到，預(yù)計(jì)到 2025 年，資源循環(huán)型產(chǎn)業(yè)體系基本建立。

China will follow the Thought on Ecological Civilization and implement the new development philosophy. We will aim to achieve greener economic and social development in all aspects, with a special focus on developing green and low-carbon energy. We will continue to prioritize ecological conservation and pursue a green and low-carbon path to development.

中國以生態(tài)文明思想為指導(dǎo)，貫徹新發(fā)展理念，以經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全面綠色轉(zhuǎn)型為引領(lǐng)，以能源綠色低碳發(fā)展為關(guān)鍵，堅(jiān)持走生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色低碳的發(fā)展道路。

基層治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化 modernization of the system and capacity for primary-level governance

The Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council have released a plan on modernizing the system and capacity for primary-level governance. Measures should be adapted to local conditions and implemented step by step, while power should be delegated to primary-level governments and their burden should be reduced, the plan says.
中共中央、國務(wù)院日前發(fā)布了《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)基層治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的意見》?！兑庖姟分赋觯瑧?yīng)堅(jiān)持因地制宜，分步實(shí)施，向基層放權(quán)賦能，減輕基層負(fù)擔(dān)。

外貿(mào)新業(yè)態(tài)新模式 new forms and models of foreign trade

China's State Council has released guidelines on accelerating the development of new forms and models of foreign trade. China's Ministry of Commerce on July 12 pledged on a press conference to actively expand the integrated pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce to cultivate new competitive edges in foreign trade.
《國務(wù)院辦公廳關(guān)于加快發(fā)展外貿(mào)新業(yè)態(tài)新模式的意見》近日發(fā)布。商務(wù)部在7月12日的吹風(fēng)會(huì)上表示，將扎實(shí)推進(jìn)跨境電商綜合試驗(yàn)區(qū)建設(shè)，培育外貿(mào)競爭新優(yōu)勢。

思想政治工作 ideological and political work

China has released a guideline to strengthen and improve its ideological and political work. The document, issued by the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, stressed that ideological and political work is the CPC's fine tradition, one of the outstanding strengths that the Party enjoys, and the lifeline for all work. It has a significant bearing on the Party's future, the country's long-term law and order, and the unity and cohesion of the Chinese nation, the guideline said.
中共中央、國務(wù)院近日印發(fā)《關(guān)于新時(shí)代加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)思想政治工作的意見》?！兑庖姟分赋觯枷胝喂ぷ魇屈h的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)、鮮明特色和突出政治優(yōu)勢，是一切工作的生命線。加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)思想政治工作，事關(guān)黨的前途命運(yùn)，事關(guān)國家長治久安，事關(guān)民族凝聚力和向心力。

社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)引領(lǐng)區(qū) pioneer area for socialist modernization

China issued a guideline to support high-level reform and opening-up of the Pudong New Area in Shanghai. The guideline was jointly released by the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, and listed measures to build Pudong into a pioneer area for socialist modernization.
《中共中央 國務(wù)院關(guān)于支持浦東新區(qū)高水平改革開放打造社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)引領(lǐng)區(qū)的意見》近日發(fā)布。

China will promote high-level reform and opening-up in Pudong to provide an important channel for making better use of domestic and international markets and resources, according to the guideline. Pudong is positioned as a central node of the domestic circulation and a strategic link of China's new development paradigm of "dual circulation," and is expected to play a better role in leading and stimulating the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.
意見指出，推動(dòng)浦東高水平改革開放，為更好利用國內(nèi)國際兩個(gè)市場兩種資源提供重要通道，構(gòu)建國內(nèi)大循環(huán)的中心節(jié)點(diǎn)和國內(nèi)國際雙循環(huán)的戰(zhàn)略鏈接，在長三角一體化發(fā)展中更好發(fā)揮龍頭輻射作用。

旗手 flag-bearer

Women's volleyball team skipper Zhu Ting and taekwondo athlete Zhao Shuai have been named as the Chinese delegation's flag-bearers at the opening ceremony of the Tokyo Olympic Games, the Chinese Olympic Committee (COC) announced in a statement posted on its social media account late on Saturday.
7月17日晚，中國奧林匹克委員會(huì)在其社交媒體賬號發(fā)文稱，女排運(yùn)動(dòng)員朱婷、跆拳道運(yùn)動(dòng)員趙帥將擔(dān)任東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式中國體育代表團(tuán)旗手。

【詞匯講解】

“旗手”，根據(jù)不同的語言風(fēng)格要求英文可以寫作flag-bearer、flagbearer或者flag bearer，多指“a person who is responsible for carrying the flag of their country at a ceremony, particularly at the opening or closing of an international sports contest”（在某個(gè)儀式，尤其是國際體育賽事的開閉幕式，負(fù)責(zé)承舉本國國旗的人）。此外，flagbearer還表示“某個(gè)活動(dòng)或運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)袖人物”，比如： He intends to become the next flagbearer for the party（他的意向是成為該黨的下一任領(lǐng)袖）。

朱婷是我國著名排球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，隨隊(duì)奪得了2015年女排世界杯、2016年里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)和2019年女排世界杯冠軍，還多次在國際排壇的重要賽事中當(dāng)選最有價(jià)值球員（Most Valuable Player），被譽(yù)為“MVP收割機(jī)”。

對于擔(dān)任中國體育代表團(tuán)旗手，朱婷表示：

I really appreciate the trust from our Chinese delegation. It's a huge honor for me to be named the flag-bearer, and great responsiblity too. I feel greatly motivated by it.
感謝代表團(tuán)對女排、對我的肯定與信任。擔(dān)任旗手是一份榮譽(yù)，也是一份責(zé)任，讓我更有動(dòng)力，去做好每一天、走好每一步。

Watching our national flag hoisted along with the national anthem is always my goal, and that of the Chinese women's volleyball team as well.
我們的目標(biāo)還是升國旗、奏國歌。

另一位旗手趙帥是中國男子跆拳道領(lǐng)軍人物。

Zhao made history by winning China's first Olympic gold in men's taekwondo when he triumphed in the 58kg category at the Rio Olympics.
2016年，趙帥獲得里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)跆拳道男子58公斤級冠軍，實(shí)現(xiàn)中國男子跆拳道奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌“零的突破”。

國際奧委會(huì)鼓勵(lì)各國代表團(tuán)設(shè)男女旗手

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) said in a joint statement with the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee, the Government of Japan and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) that all 206 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and the IOC Refugee Olympic Team will be encouraged to have their flag carried by one female and one male athlete at the opening ceremony.
國際奧委會(huì)、國際殘奧委會(huì)與東京奧組委、日本政府以及東京都政府發(fā)表聯(lián)合聲明，鼓勵(lì)206個(gè)國家的奧委會(huì)以及難民代表團(tuán)在奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式上派出男、女各一名運(yùn)動(dòng)員作為旗手。

The IOC also requests all 206 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) for the first time ever to have at least one female and one male athlete in their respective Olympic teams.
國際奧委會(huì)同時(shí)首次要求全部206個(gè)參賽代表團(tuán)中至少有一名男性運(yùn)動(dòng)員和一名女性運(yùn)動(dòng)員。

【奧運(yùn)新聞】

7月14日晚，東京奧組委公布了東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)開閉幕式的理念，均只以英文發(fā)布。

其中，開幕式理念與奧運(yùn)會(huì)和殘奧會(huì)口號相同，為“United by Emotion”，中文意為“情同與共”；閉幕式理念為“Worlds we share”，中文意為“我們共享的世界”。

至于為什么是“United by Emotion”，東京奧組委的解釋是：

The world is made up of people who are different ages and nationalities and come from all walks of life, and now, due to the pandemic, we are physically separated. This is why, Tokyo 2020 wants everyone to experience the same excitement, joy, and at times disappointment, through the athletes’ competitive performances.

世界是由不同年齡、不同國籍、來自各行各業(yè)的人們組成的?，F(xiàn)在，由于新冠疫情，我們在地理上被隔離。這就是為什么東京2020奧運(yùn)會(huì)希望每個(gè)人都能通過運(yùn)動(dòng)員的競技表現(xiàn)體驗(yàn)同樣的興奮、喜悅或是失望。

東京奧組委還公布了東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)和殘奧會(huì)全部開閉幕儀式的共同口號，為“Moving Forward”，中文意為“前進(jìn)”，表達(dá)了奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)和殘奧運(yùn)動(dòng)克服困難、帶領(lǐng)全人類走出疫情的決心。

人均可支配收入 per capita disposable income

近日，國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局更新了31省份2021年上半年居民人均可支配收入數(shù)據(jù)，并發(fā)布了上半年31省份居民人均消費(fèi)支出數(shù)據(jù)。

China's per capita disposable income stood at 17,642 yuan in the first half of the year, up 12.6 percent from the same period last year in nominal terms, official data showed. After deducting price factors, per capita disposable income rose 12 percent year on year.
官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示，上半年，全國居民人均可支配收入17642元，同比名義增長12.6%?？鄢齼r(jià)格因素影響，實(shí)際增長12%。

【知識點(diǎn)】

居民可支配收入（disposable income），指居民可用于最終消費(fèi)支出和儲(chǔ)蓄（consumption expenditures and savings）的總和，即居民可用于自由支配的收入，既包括現(xiàn)金收入，也包括實(shí)物收入。

國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局表示，

The higher growth rate was mainly affected by the low base in the first half of last year.
增幅較高，主要是受去年上半年低基數(shù)影響。

Separately, urban per capita disposable income came in at 24,125 yuan, up 11.4 percent in nominal terms, and 10.7 percent in real terms, while income in rural areas stood at 9,248 yuan, up 14.6 percent in nominal terms, and 14.1 percent in real terms.
分城鄉(xiāng)看，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入24125元，同比名義增長11.4%，扣除價(jià)格因素，實(shí)際增長10.7%；農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入9248元，同比名義增長14.6%，扣除價(jià)格因素，實(shí)際增長14.1%。

居民消費(fèi)支出情況

Chinese per capita nominal consumer spending rose 18 percent year on year to 11,471 yuan in the first half of the year. After factoring in price levels, spending went up 17.4 percent year on year.
上半年，全國居民人均消費(fèi)支出11471元，比上年同期名義增長18.0%，扣除價(jià)格因素，實(shí)際增長17.4%。

Besides Shanghai and Beijing, seven other provinces and municipalities, including Zhejiang, Tianjin, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Fujian, Chongqing and Hubei, have all registered higher consumer spending than the national average.
上海、北京、浙江、天津、廣東、江蘇、福建、重慶、湖北9省份人均消費(fèi)超全國平均水平。

具體來看，上海、北京人均消費(fèi)均超2萬元。其中上海最能花，人均消費(fèi)23644元；北京緊隨其后，人均消費(fèi)21564元。

居民的錢都花在哪兒了？

居民消費(fèi)支出（consumer spending）包括食品煙酒（food, tobacco and alcohol）、衣著（clothing）、居?。╤ousing）、生活用品及服務(wù)（daily necessities and services）、交通通信（transportation and communication）、教育文化娛樂（education, culture and entertainment）、醫(yī)療保?。╤ealthcare）以及其他用品及服務(wù)八大類。

In the first half of the year, per capita expenditure on food, tobacco and alcohol was 3,536 yuan, accounting for the largest proportion at 30.8% of the national per capita consumption expenditures.
上半年，全國居民人均消費(fèi)支出中，食品煙酒消費(fèi)人均花銷達(dá)3536元；占比最高，為30.8%。

【詞匯講解】

在經(jīng)濟(jì)類以及數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)類報(bào)道中，每當(dāng)提及“人均”，我們就會(huì)看到per capita這個(gè)表達(dá)，其實(shí)這是一個(gè)拉丁語，表示“per person”（每人）。我們經(jīng)常在報(bào)道中看到的相關(guān)表達(dá)有：人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（per capita gross domestic product）以及本文開頭提到的“人均可支配收入”（ per capita disposable income）等。

Per capita living consumption in the first half of the year was 2,649 yuan, accounting for 23.1% of the per capita consumption expenditure, second to that of food, tobacco and alcohol.
上半年人均居住消費(fèi)支出2649元，占人均消費(fèi)支出的比重為23.1%，人均消費(fèi)支出占比僅次于食品煙酒。

Spending on education, culture and entertainment remained the fastest-growing area in per capita expenditures, with an increase of 68.5 percent year-on-year, far more than other sectors.
教育文化娛樂消費(fèi)的增長最快，增速68.5%；遙遙領(lǐng)先于其他支出類別。

鄭州暴雨 torrential rain in Zhengzhou

7月17日以來，河南出現(xiàn)持續(xù)性強(qiáng)降水天氣，全省大部出現(xiàn)暴雨、大暴雨，強(qiáng)降水主要集中在西部、北部和中部地區(qū)，鄭州、焦作、新鄉(xiāng)等10地市出現(xiàn)特大暴雨。

A total of 99 people have been killed in the torrential rains in the downtown area of Zhengzhou, the provincial capital of central China's Henan province, the local government said. The accumulated rainfall reached 449 mm on average in Zhengzhou from 6 pm Sunday to midnight Tuesday.
河南省政府表示，截至目前，暴雨已造成鄭州市區(qū)99人死亡。7月18日18時(shí)至21日0時(shí)，鄭州累積平均降水量達(dá)449毫米。

【知識點(diǎn)】

從氣象上來說，24小時(shí)降水量（24-hour precipitation）為50毫米或以上的雨稱為“暴雨”（rainstorm/ downpour/ torrential rain）。特大暴雨是一種災(zāi)害性天氣（disastrous weather），往往造成“洪澇災(zāi)害”（flood），在山區(qū)還會(huì)引發(fā)“山體滑坡”（landslide）和“泥石流”（debris flow）。Landslide（山體滑坡）是暴雨使山體不堪重負(fù)，由山體薄弱地帶斷開整體下滑，而debris flow（泥石流）是暴雨使沙土石達(dá)到水飽和，在重力的作用下液化的泥沙石向低洼處流動(dòng)。

Zhengzhou received average precipitation of 457.5 mm within 24 hours to 5 pm Tuesday, the highest daily rainfall since the weather record began. The city also reported record-high hourly precipitation of 201.9 mm between 4 pm and 5 pm on Tuesday, the Henan provincial meteorological center said.
河南省氣象中心表示，截至7月20日17時(shí)，鄭州24小時(shí)平均降雨量457.5毫米，超過有氣象記錄以來極值。7月20日16-17時(shí)，鄭州降雨量達(dá)201.9毫米，超過我國陸地小時(shí)降雨量極值。

Rainstorms caused severe waterlogging, traffic disruptions, and power outages in Zhengzhou.
暴雨導(dǎo)致鄭州市區(qū)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重內(nèi)澇，交通受到嚴(yán)重影響，電力中斷。

【詞匯講解】

Waterlog在詞典中的解釋是to cause (a boat, ship, etc.) to become uncontrollable as a result of flooding（船只等被水淹后失控）或者to become saturated with water（被水浸透），在這里的語境下表示很多地方都被水淹了。在暴雨中被淹的車輛我們可以用waterlogged vehicles表示，即“涉水車輛”。

More than 160 trains stopped services at Zhengzhoudong Railway Station, stranding a large number of passengers.
鄭州東站160余趟列車停運(yùn)，造成大量旅客滯留。

The severe waterlogging has led to the virtual paralysis of the city's road traffic. Over 80 bus lines have been suspended, more than 100 temporarily detoured, and the subway service has also been temporarily suspended.
嚴(yán)重內(nèi)澇導(dǎo)致鄭州路面交通基本癱瘓。80多條公交線路停運(yùn)，100多條線路臨時(shí)繞行，地鐵暫停運(yùn)營。

Both Henan provincial and Zhengzhou municipal flood control and drought relief headquarters have raised the emergency response for meteorological disasters to level I.
河南省和鄭州市防汛抗旱總指揮部均將防汛應(yīng)急響應(yīng)級別提升為Ⅰ級。

China’s central government has upgraded the nationwide flood control emergency response level from Level III to Level II at 3:00 am Wednesday local time, according to the relevant provisions of the State Emergency Plan for Flood Control and Drought Relief.
根據(jù)《國家防汛抗旱應(yīng)急預(yù)案》有關(guān)規(guī)定，國家防總決定于7月21日3時(shí)將防汛Ⅲ級應(yīng)急響應(yīng)提升至Ⅱ級。