毛姆的寫作建議被熱傳,一個比一個有趣!
中國日報雙語新聞微信 2021-07-18 08:00
近來,若干據(jù)稱是英國著名文學(xué)家毛姆的“寫作建議”在網(wǎng)上流傳開來。有些這樣說道:
1. 你必須比觀眾先感到厭倦。
2. 寫作者的座右銘必須是:能刪則刪,刪了再刪,直達(dá)觀眾注意力的頂點。
這么一看,毛姆是一位掌控讀者注意力的大家。
作為英國現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上創(chuàng)作力旺盛的多產(chǎn)作家,他的重要著作和近百篇短篇小說都集中發(fā)表在上世紀(jì)二三十年代,不過直到70高齡,他還是寫出了轟動一時的暢銷小說《刀鋒》(1944)。
他豐富的作品中,除了情節(jié),還有很多連珠妙語。在他著名的《月亮與六便士》中,他曾寫道:
“Impropriety is the soul of wit.”
逾越禮規(guī)的言詞是機智的靈魂(傅惟慈譯)
他具有敏銳的洞察力,善于剖析人的內(nèi)心世界。其筆鋒像一把解剖刀,能挖掘出人們心底深處的思想活動。他的智慧可以從這些引言中窺見一斑。
他把閱讀視作生活壓力下的休憩處。
“To acquire the habit of reading is to construct for yourself a refuge from almost all the miseries of life.”
“獲得了閱讀習(xí)慣,那你就為自己在生活的諸多痛苦之外建造了一處避難處?!?/span>
把愛置于比生命更崇高的位置。
“The great tragedy of life is not that men perish, but that they cease to love.”
“生命的巨大悲劇不是人終有一死,而是人會停止愛?!?/span>
認(rèn)為任何書都是以讀者為中心的。
“The only important thing in a book is the meaning that it has for you.”
“一本書中最重要的東西就是為你準(zhǔn)備的那份意義?!?/span>
即便平時再辛辣,他也能為“愛而不得”寫一首溫柔的挽歌。
“The love that lasts the longest is the love that is never returned.”
“恒久的愛就是沒有回報的那種愛。 ”
以及,從生活中發(fā)現(xiàn)美學(xué)的武器,用以抵抗生活的無力。
“I have an idea that the only thing which makes it possible to regard this world we live in without disgust is the beauty which now and then men create out of the chaos. The pictures they paint, the music they compose, the books they write, and the lives they lead. Of all these the richest in beauty is the beautiful life. That is the perfect work of art.”
“我想,唯一能讓我們毫無厭惡地看待我們生活的這個世界的,就是人們時不時從混亂中創(chuàng)造出來的美。他們畫的畫,他們譜寫的音樂,他們寫的書,他們過的生活。在所有這些中,最美的是美麗的生活,那是一件完美的藝術(shù)品?!?/span>
當(dāng)然,偶爾,他也會幽默一把。有調(diào)皮的小老頭兒那味兒了。
“There are three rules for writing a novel. Unfortunately, no one knows what they are.”
“寫小說有三大原則。不好意思,沒人知道是哪三條。”
“As lovers, the difference between men and women is that women can love all day long, but men only at times.”
“戀愛的時候,男女的區(qū)別在于,女人是整日愛著,而男人則是偶爾愛著?!?/span>
他最為中國讀者廣泛知曉的著作莫過于《月亮與六便士》,主人公以著名畫家高更為原型,但是這不是一本文學(xué)傳記,而是虛構(gòu)小說。
在很多讀者眼里,《月亮與六便士》圍繞的是一個“理想與現(xiàn)實”的主題,因為通常認(rèn)為六便士是價值最低的銀幣,代表現(xiàn)實與卑微,而月亮則象征著崇高。
其實這本小說本身寫的是一個證券交易所的經(jīng)紀(jì)人,有著穩(wěn)定工作和美滿家庭卻迷戀上繪畫,突然棄家出走,去追求繪畫理想。他的行徑?jīng)]有人能夠理解。
經(jīng)過一番離奇的遭遇后,主人公最后離開文明世界,遠(yuǎn)遁到與世隔絕的塔希提島上。他終于找到靈魂的寧靜和適合自己藝術(shù)氣質(zhì)的氛圍,創(chuàng)作出一幅又一幅使后世震驚的杰作。
通過這樣一個一心追求藝術(shù)、不通人性世故的怪才,毛姆探索了藝術(shù)的產(chǎn)生與本質(zhì)、個性與天才的關(guān)系、藝術(shù)家與社會的矛盾等等引人深思的問題。
比方說這個常被人引述的段落就探討了把自己視為“他者”的感覺。
"I have an idea that some men are born out of their due place. Accident has cast them amid certain surroundings, but they have always a nostalgia for a home they know not. They are strangers in their birthplace, and the leafy lanes they have known from childhood or the populous streets in which they have played, remain but a place of passage."
“我認(rèn)為有些人誕生在某一個地方可以說未得其所。機緣把他們隨便拋擲到一個環(huán)境中,而他們卻一直思念著一處他們自己也不知道坐落在何處的家鄉(xiāng)。在出生的地方他們好像是過客;從孩提時代就非常熟悉的濃蔭郁郁的小巷,同小伙伴游戲其中的人煙稠密的街衢,對他們說來都不過是旅途中的一個宿站?!?/span>
"They may spend their whole lives aliens among their kindred and remain aloof among the only scenes they have ever known. Perhaps it is this sense of strangeness that sends men far and wide in the search for something permanent, to which they may attach themselves. Perhaps some deep-rooted atavism urges the wanderer back to lands which his ancestors left in the dim beginnings of history."
“這種人在自己親友中可能終生落落寡合,在他們唯一熟悉的環(huán)境里也始終孑身獨處。也許正是在本鄉(xiāng)本土的這種陌生感才逼著他們遠(yuǎn)游異鄉(xiāng),尋找一處永恒定居的寓所。說不定在他們內(nèi)心深處仍然隱伏著多少世代前祖先的習(xí)性和癖好,叫這些彷徨者再回到他們祖先在遠(yuǎn)古就已離開的土地。”
作為使用語言的高手,他對于有聲語言的傳情達(dá)意的效率卻持保留態(tài)度。
"Each one of us is alone in the world. He is shut in a tower of brass, and can communicate with his fellows only by signs, and the signs have no common value, so that their sense is vague and uncertain. We seek pitifully to convey to others the treasures of our heart, but they have not the power to accept them, and so we go lonely, side by side but not together, unable to know our fellows and unknown by them."
“每個人生在世界上都是孤獨的。每個人都被囚禁在一座鐵塔里,只能靠一些符號同別人傳達(dá)自己的思想;而這些符號并沒有共同的價值,因此它們的意義是模糊的、不確定的。我們非常可憐地想把自己心中的財富傳送給別人,但是他們卻沒有接受這些財富的能力。因此我們只能孤獨地行走,盡管身體互相依傍卻并不在一起,既不了解別人也不能為別人所了解?!?/span>
"We are like people living in a country whose language they know so little that, with all manner of beautiful and profound things to say, they are condemned to the banalities of the conversation manual. Their brain is seething with ideas, and they can only tell you that the umbrella of the gardener's aunt is in the house."
“我們好像住在異國的人,對于這個國家的語言懂得非常少,雖然我們有各種美妙的、深奧的事情要說,卻只能局限于會話手冊上那幾句陳腐、平庸的話。我們的腦子里充滿了各種思想,而我們能說的只不過是像“園丁的姑母有一把傘在屋子里”這類話?!?/span>
我們摘錄在這兒的高頻引文只是毛姆思考的冰山一角。
閱讀的確是需要讀原著的,否則“Life isn't long enough for love and art.”這句書中常被引用的話很容易被不了解上下文的人理解成“生命太短,留給愛和藝術(shù)的時間不夠”。
但其實看了翻譯家傅惟慈的譯文就會發(fā)現(xiàn),毛姆是借由人物之口,諷刺調(diào)侃道“魚和熊掌,我只要熊掌”。原文是:
"Haven't you been in love since you came to Paris?"
“從你到巴黎以后鬧過戀愛嗎?”
"I haven't got time for that sort of nonsense. Life isn't long enough for love and art."
“我沒有時間干這種無聊的事。生命太短促了,沒有時間既鬧戀愛又搞藝術(shù)?!?/span>
Notes
impropriety [??mpr??pra??ti] n 不誠實(或不正當(dāng)、不合適)的行為舉止
perish [?per??] v 死亡;暴死
atavism [??t?v?z?m] n 返祖現(xiàn)象
banality [b??n?l?ti] n 平庸;平淡乏味;陳腐的事物
kindred ['k?ndr?d] n.親屬;血緣關(guān)系
nostalgia [n?'st?ld??] n.懷舊;念舊
(來源:中國日報雙語新聞微信 編輯:陳月華、丹妮)