航天食品 space food

6月17日18時48分，航天員聶海勝、劉伯明、湯洪波先后進入天和核心艙，標志著中國人首次進入自己的空間站。在空間站駐留3個月期間，航天員們都吃什么呢？

There are more than 120 kinds of food and beverages inside the core module, named Tianhe, or Harmony of Heavens. These carefully selected food and beverages are nutritionally balanced, taste good and can be kept for a long time.
天和核心艙有120多種食品和飲品。這些食物都是精心挑選的，營養(yǎng)均衡、美味可口、保存期限長。

【知識點】

雖然“太空食堂”的食品種類多，但每種都是嚴格按照航天食品（space food）標準條件研制生產(chǎn)的。
首先，航天食品要求營養(yǎng)豐富且均衡（nutritionally balanced）。
第二，要求“一口吃”（in bite size）。最好是固態(tài)、無骨、小塊且全部可食的（in small solid cubes and boneless），不能有殘渣（no crumbs），不能留下太多難以處理的餐余垃圾（no food residue）。
第三，必須盡量保證航天員的食欲（have a good appetite）。

中國載人航天工程航天員系統(tǒng)總設計師黃偉芬介紹：

The food and beverages have been divided into weekly breakfast, lunch and supper menus, and the menus were made based on personal flavor preferences gathered through a survey before the astronauts set out on their mission.
核心艙的食物按周列入早餐、午餐及晚餐菜單，這些菜單是根據(jù)航天員出發(fā)之前的個人口味調(diào)查安排的。

Sources with knowledge of the survey said that astronauts in the Shenzhou XII mission and crews for the next three spaceflights were invited to taste hundreds of specially prepared foods and beverages and then score them.
調(diào)查相關(guān)人員表示，神舟十二及后續(xù)三次飛行任務的航天員受邀對數(shù)百種特制食物進行品嘗并打分。

According to the survey, most Chinese astronauts have a preference for Sichuan-style spicy food. In addition, compared with sweet-and-sour sauces, spicy sauces are always the first to be used up, the sources said.
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，大部分中國航天員喜歡吃辣味川菜，酸甜醬和辣醬中，辣醬通常是最先吃完的。

碳排放交易 carbon emission trading

6月22日，上海環(huán)境能源交易所發(fā)布的《關(guān)于全國碳排放權(quán)交易相關(guān)事項的公告》明確，全國碳排放權(quán)交易機構(gòu)負責組織開展全國碳排放權(quán)集中統(tǒng)一交易。

The Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange will be responsible for opening accounts and the operation of the national carbon emission trading system, according to the announcement.
公告指出，上海環(huán)境能源交易所將承擔全國碳排放權(quán)交易系統(tǒng)賬戶開立和運行維護等具體工作。

【知識點】

碳排放交易（carbon emission trading），是指《京都議定書(the Kyoto Protocol)》為促進全球溫室氣體減排（reduce greenhouse gas emissions），以國際公法作為依據(jù)的溫室氣體排放減量交易。這種交易以每噸二氧化碳當量為計算單位，所以通稱為“碳交易（carbon exchange）”，其交易市場稱為碳市（carbon market）。

建立這種機制的目的在于減少碳排放（carbon emissions），降低能耗（energy consumption）以及碳濃度（carbon intensity）。碳交易機制遵循的是“總量控制和交易原則”（cap-and-trade rules），各地依照其空氣質(zhì)量改善目標為企業(yè)配給排放權(quán)額度（carbon emission quota），并規(guī)范其逐年應削減的排放量比例、達成的目標年等，企業(yè)取得排放權(quán)額度后，便可根據(jù)自身減排情況購買或出售配額。

交易方式

Based on Chinese emissions allowances, a standard set by the State Council in late 2017, the national carbon trading system allows trading modes including listing trading by agreement, bulk trading by agreement and one-way bidding.
根據(jù)國務院2017年底設定的中國碳排放權(quán)配額標準，全國碳排放權(quán)交易系統(tǒng)可以采取掛牌協(xié)議交易、大宗協(xié)議交易或單向競價等交易方式。

掛牌協(xié)議交易漲跌幅為10%

The transaction price for listing trading will be able to fluctuate by a maximum of 10 percent according to the closing price on the previous trading day, with the minimum declaration amount for bulk trading set at 100,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide and the fluctuation range of the transaction price set at 30 percent.
掛牌協(xié)議交易的成交價格在上一個交易日收盤價的±10%之間確定。對于大宗協(xié)議交易，單筆買賣最小申報數(shù)量應當不小于10萬噸二氧化碳當量。大宗協(xié)議交易的成交價格在上一個交易日收盤價的±30％之間確定。

Market entities applying for one-way bidding can purchase emission allowances from counterparts, with the bidding information released by the exchange.
申請單向競買的市場主體可向其他市場主體購買碳排放配額，競買信息由交易機構(gòu)發(fā)布。

火星車 Mars rover

6月27日，國家航天局發(fā)布我國天問一號火星探測任務著陸和巡視探測系列實拍影像。

The clips recorded the Tianwen 1's landing rover deploying its parachute and descending to the Martian surface, and its Mars rover Zhurong driving away from its landing platform and moving over the surface of Mars.
視頻片段記錄了天問一號著陸巡視器開傘和下降過程、祝融號火星車駛離著陸平臺及火星表面移動過程。

【知識點】

2020年4月24日，國家航天局公布：中國行星探測任務（planetary exploration missions）被命名為“天問（Tianwen）系列”，首次火星探測任務（first Mars exploration mission）被命名為“天問一號”，后續(xù)行星任務依次編號?！疤靻枴眮碜灾袊鴤ゴ笤娙饲拈L詩《天問》?！疤靻枴边@個名字表達了中華民族對于真理追求的堅韌與執(zhí)著（the Chinese nation's perseverance in pursuing truth），體現(xiàn)了對自然和宇宙空間探索的文化傳承（culture of exploring nature and the universe）。

The ambient sound during the process of Zhurong's rolling onto the Martian surface was also published, enabling people to hear the first sounds transmitted from the Chinese robot.
祝融號踏上火星表面全過程的現(xiàn)場聲音也同時發(fā)布，讓人們能夠聽到中國火星車首次傳回地球的聲音。

The images include the Martian landscape and the ruts left behind by the rover.
影像包括火星全局環(huán)境感知圖像、火星車車轍圖像等。

2021年4月24日，國家航天局正式公布我國首輛火星車命名為“祝融”，全稱“祝融號”。

Zhurong is the god of fire in ancient Chinese mythology. Literally, Zhu (meaning wish) expresses the good wishes for humankind's exploration of the universe. Rong (meaning integration and cooperation) reflects China's vision of the peaceful use of space and the building of a community with a shared future for humanity.
祝融是中國上古神話中的火神?！白！保磉_了對人類踏進星辰大海的美好祝愿，“融”，體現(xiàn)融合、協(xié)作，表達中國人和平利用太空、增進人類福祉的格局和愿景。

Fire brought warmth and brightness to the ancestors of humankind, and fire lit up human civilization. The naming is intended to represent the rover's symbolic task to ignite the hope of China's inter-planetary exploration, encourage humanity's relentless adventure into the immense universe, and urge mankind to keep pursuing self-transcendence
火的應用促進了人類文明的發(fā)展，驅(qū)散黑暗、帶來溫暖。將首輛火星車命名為祝融號，寓意點燃我國行星際探測的火種，指引人類對浩瀚星空、宇宙未知的接續(xù)探索和自我超越。

With an expected life span of three months, the 240-kilogram Zhurong is tasked with surveying Mars' landforms, geological structures, soil characteristics, potential locations of water and ice, and atmospheric and environmental characteristics, as well as magnetic and gravitational fields and other physical properties.
祝融號火星車重240公斤，設計壽命3個月，任務是研究火星形貌與地質(zhì)構(gòu)造特征、火星表面土壤特征與水冰分布、火星大氣電離層及表面氣候與環(huán)境特征、火星物理場與內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)等。

As of the morning of June 27, the orbiter of the Tianwen-1 mission has been operating around Mars for 338 days, and its Earth-Mars distance is approximately 360 million km. The Mars rover Zhurong has been working on Mars for 42 Martian days and has driven a total of 236 meters.
截至6月27日早晨，天問一號環(huán)繞器在軌運行338天，地火距離3.6億千米，祝融號火星車已在火星表面工作42個火星日，累計行駛236米。

【知識點】

火星日（Martian day）平均為 24 小時 39 分 35.244 秒，或 1.027 地球日?；鹦枪D(zhuǎn)周期（the revolution period of Mars）為 1.88 地球年，687 地球日，或 668.6 火星日。

Zhurong will continue its movement, detection, and scientific exploration missions as planned.
后續(xù)，火星車將繼續(xù)按計劃開展移動、感知、科學探測。

The orbiter will continue to operate in a relay orbit, providing relay communication for the rover's scientific exploration while conducting its own scientific detection operations.
環(huán)繞器繼續(xù)運行在中繼軌道，為火星車巡視探測提供中繼通信，并開展環(huán)繞探測。

七一勛章 July 1 Medal

慶祝中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年“七一勛章”頒授儀式于6月29日上午10時在人民大會堂隆重舉行。

Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, presented the July 1 Medal to 29 outstanding CPC members.
中共中央總書記習近平為29名“七一勛章”獲得者頒授勛章。

The July 1 Medal, established by the CPC Central Committee, is the highest honor in the Party.
“七一勛章”由中共中央設立，是黨內(nèi)最高榮譽。

“七一勛章”是以樸素、莊重為主要設計理念，以紅色、金色、白色為主色調(diào)（with red, gold and white as its main colors），使用冷壓成型、花絲鑲嵌、彩絲織錦等工藝制作。章體采用黨徽（the Party emblem）、五角星（the five-pointed star）、旗幟（flags）、豐碑與光芒、向日葵（sunflowers）、大山大河（mountains and rivers）、如意祥云等元素。

“七一勛章”使用織物綬帶（ attached to a fabric ribbon），采用向日葵、光芒、星光等元素（elements such as sunflowers, rays of light and starlight）。寓意在黨的陽光沐浴下，勛章獲得者一心向黨，全心全意為人民服務，不忘初心、牢記使命、砥礪前行。
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The recipients included teachers, soldiers, community workers and professionals in the arts and science.
“七一勛章”獲得者有教師、士兵、社區(qū)工作者以及文藝和科技領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人員。

習近平總書記在頒授儀式上發(fā)表重要講話，以下為雙語要點：

- The CPC has written a splendid chapter in the history of the Chinese nation's development and that of humanity's progress over the past century.
一百年來，我們黨在中華民族發(fā)展史和人類社會進步史上寫下了壯麗篇章。

- Generations of Chinese Communists have fought tenaciously for national independence and liberation, for prosperity and strength of the country, and for the happiness of the people.
一代又一代中國共產(chǎn)黨人，為贏得民族獨立和人民解放、實現(xiàn)國家富強和人民幸福，前仆后繼、浴血奮戰(zhàn)。

今天受到表彰的“七一勛章”獲得者，就是各條戰(zhàn)線黨員中的杰出代表。在他們身上，生動體現(xiàn)了中國共產(chǎn)黨人堅定信念、踐行宗旨、拼搏奉獻、廉潔奉公的高尚品質(zhì)和崇高精神。

Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the Chinese Communists' quality and spirit of maintaining staunch faith, which is to stay true to the original aspiration and dedicate everything, even the precious life, to the cause of the Party and people.
——堅定信念，就是堅持不忘初心、不移其志，為黨和人民事業(yè)奉獻自己的一切乃至寶貴生命。

- Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the fundamental tenet of Chinese Communists, which is putting the people at the very center of their hearts, and wholeheartedly serving the people.
——踐行宗旨，就是心中裝著人民，工作為了人民，一心一意為百姓造福。

- Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the fighting and dedication spirit of Chinese Communists, who make dedicating themselves to the Party and the country and fulfilling their duties a lifelong pursuit.
——拼搏奉獻，就是把許黨報國、履職盡責作為人生目標。

- The July 1 Medal recipients embody the Chinese Communists' integrity and devotion. Such quality and spirit represent the glorious CPC traditions of hard work and plain living, as well as putting public interests above personal interests.
——廉潔奉公，就是保持共產(chǎn)黨人艱苦樸素、公而忘私的光榮傳統(tǒng)。

- July 1 Medal recipients are heroes coming from and deeply rooted in the people. The recipients are ordinary heroes that fulfill their duties and make quiet contributions. Their deeds can be followed and their spirit can be pursued.
“七一勛章”獲得者都來自人民、植根人民，是立足本職、默默奉獻的平凡英雄。他們的事跡可學可做，他們的精神可追可及。

- CPC members and officials should boldly advance toward the second centenary goal of fully building a modern socialist country, as well as the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
廣大黨員、干部不懈奮斗，永遠奮斗，在全面建設社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家新征程上，向著第二個百年奮斗目標、向著中華民族偉大復興的中國夢奮勇前進！

高校學生資助熱線電話 hotlines for inquiries on college financial-aid programs

6月29日，教育部開通2021年高校學生資助熱線電話（hotlines for inquiries on college financial-aid programs），電話號碼為010-66097980、010-66096590。

This marks the 17th year in a row that the Ministry of Education has opened such hotlines for inquiries and complaints regarding the country's financial-aid policies for college students.
今年是教育部連續(xù)第17年開通高校學生資助熱線電話，受理高校學生國家資助政策的咨詢和有關(guān)投訴建議。

【知識點】

目前，國家已經(jīng)建立了覆蓋各教育階段、各級各類學校、所有家庭經(jīng)濟困難學生的資助政策體系（a financial assistance system covering all students from disadvantaged backgrounds at all levels of education）。在高等教育階段，國家獎學金（national scholarship）、國家勵志獎學金（national endeavor scholarship）、國家助學金（national grant）、國家助學貸款（national student loans）、新生入學資助（tuition assistance for freshmen）、勤工助學（part-time jobs for students）、學費減免（tuition reduction or exemption）、補償代償、“綠色通道”等多種資助方式并舉，確保高校家庭經(jīng)濟困難學生順利入學并完成學業(yè)。

教育部表示，為了更好服務家庭經(jīng)濟困難學生和家長，熱線電話受理時間將延長。

In addition to daily operations from 8 am to 8 pm during the summer vacation, as in previous years, this year will see extended hotline operations on working days throughout the year starting from Sept 16, the ministry said.
今年熱線電話除在暑期集中受理外，從9月16日起將在每個工作日常年開通。

Education authorities and universities across the country are also required to open hotlines to provide information on financial aid.
各地教育管理部門以及高校均應開通熱線電話提供資助信息。

教育部特別提醒學生和家長：

Scammers normally search for targets around school opening days. The ministry urged students to stay vigilant against frauds of any kind and get information on financial aid from education authorities and colleges in order to avoid losses.
開學前后是詐騙高發(fā)期，一定要通過教育部門和高校等正式渠道咨詢學生資助政策，提高警惕，謹防詐騙，避免造成經(jīng)濟損失。

（中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津 Helen）