2021年6月新聞熱詞匯總
中國日報網 2021-07-01 09:23
反外國制裁法 law against foreign sanctions
6月10日下午,十三屆全國人大常委會第二十九次會議表決通過了《中華人民共和國反外國制裁法》,國家主席習近平簽署主席令予以公布,自公布之日起施行。
China's passing of the law against foreign sanctions is an urgent necessity in order to counter the hegemonism and power politics of some Western countries, an official with China's top legislature said. It is also an urgent necessity to safeguard China's national sovereignty, security and development interests, as well as to coordinate both the domestic and overseas-related rule-of-law, an official of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) said.
全國人大常委會法工委負責人表示,通過反外國制裁法,是反擊某些西方國家霸權主義和強權政治的迫切需要,是維護國家主權、安全、發(fā)展利益的迫切需要,是統(tǒng)籌推進國內法治和涉外法治的迫切需要。
【詞匯講解】
這里的counter作為動詞,表示“反制,反擊”,“反”這個字強調的是對某個行為做出“反應”,是一個reaction,所以,counter有時候也用作前綴,表示“反”,比如:countermeasure(反制措施),counterattack(反擊),counterterrorism(反恐)等。
In recent years, some Western countries and organizations have smeared China's domestic and foreign policies and legislation, and imposed so-called sanctions upon related state organs, organizations and public servants by using pretexts including Xinjiang, Tibet and Hong Kong-related issues.
近年來,某些西方國家和組織利用涉疆涉藏涉港等各種議題和借口,對中國內外政策和有關立法修法議程橫加指責、抹黑、攻擊,對中國有關國家機關、組織和國家工作人員實施所謂“制裁”。
【詞匯講解】
這里的impose表示“把...強加給;強制實行”等意思,強調的是“強制、強加”這個意思,常用的搭配就是impose something on/upon someone/something,比如:The government imposed high taxes on cigarettes.(政府對香煙施加重稅)。The council has imposed a ban on alcohol in the city parks.(議會在城市公園里實行禁酒令)。你會注意到impose后面跟的一般都是tax、ban、fine等強制政策或懲罰手段。此外,這個短語還可以用來表示“把某人的想法強加在別人身上”,比如:I don't want to impose my will upon my child.(我不想把我的意愿強加在孩子身上)。
The purpose of formulating the law is to counter, fight and oppose unilateral sanctions on China imposed by foreign countries, safeguard its national sovereignty, security and development interests as well as to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and organizations, the official said.
制定反外國制裁法,主要目的是為了反制、反擊、反對外國對中國搞的所謂“單邊制裁”,維護我國的主權、安全、發(fā)展利益,保護我國公民、組織的合法權益。
反外國制裁法第六條明確列舉了三類反制措施:
-- Refusing to issue visas, banning entry into China, invalidating visas, and deportation;
一是不予簽發(fā)簽證、不準入境、注銷簽證或者驅逐出境;
-- Sealing up, seizing and freezing movable, immovable and other types of property in China;
二是查封、扣押、凍結在我國境內的動產、不動產和其他各類財產;
-- Prohibiting from conducting related transactions with domestic organizations or individuals;
三是禁止或者限制我國境內的組織、個人與其進行有關交易、合作等活動。
同時,還作了一個兜底性規(guī)定,即“其他必要措施”。
制定實施反外國制裁法不會給國家對外開放帶來不利影響
China's determination and will to deepen reform, expand opening-up and safeguard its national sovereignty, security and development interests stand firm, the official added.
中國深化改革、擴大開放的決心和意志是堅定不移的,維護國家主權、安全、發(fā)展利益的決心和意志也是堅定不移的。
燃氣爆炸 gas explosion
6月13日,湖北十堰市張灣區(qū)艷湖社區(qū)集貿市場發(fā)生燃氣爆炸。
The State Council's Work Safety Commission will supervise the investigation of the deadly gas explosion in Central China's Hubei province.
國務院安委會將對湖北省這次燃氣爆炸事故進行掛牌督辦。
【單詞講解】
Blast和explosion均表示“爆炸”,可以替換使用,不過blast除了表示“爆炸”以外,還可以表示“(爆炸產生的)沖擊波;強勁的氣流;一陣...”等,比如:a blast of freezing rain(一陣冷冷的冰雨),a blast of anger(一股怒氣),feel the blast from several miles away(感受到了幾英里之外的沖擊波)。
Together with the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Emergency Management has asked local governments to locate markets and catering businesses that use gas and make sure they all have gas leakage alert systems installed as soon as possible.
應急管理部已聯(lián)合住建部等部門推動各地區(qū)全面摸排使用燃氣的集貿市場、餐飲等生產經營單位底數(shù),盡快安裝燃氣泄漏報警裝置。
【詞匯講解】
這里的locate表示“to find or discover the exact position of something”,即“找到或確定某物的具體位置”的意思,在偵探劇中我們經常會聽到這個詞,比如:The police were unable to locate the murder weapon(警方沒能找到殺人兇器),Sniffer dogs located the drugs(嗅探犬找到了毒品)等等。在日常的語境中,locate經常用來表示“位于,坐落于”等意思,比如:The factory was located too close to a residential area(那座工廠的位置離居民區(qū)太近),My home is located on the outskirts of town(我們家在郊區(qū))。
More than 2,000 people, including 210 firefighters, have been involved in the search and rescue work, and 913 households near the market have been evacuated for their safety.
共有2000余人參與搜救工作,其中包括210名消防員。出于安全考慮,市場附近913戶居民已被疏散。
A team has been set up to investigate the blast, and Hubei will launch a province-wide blanket inspection to root out potential work safety hazards.
當?shù)匾呀M成事故調查組,湖北省將在全省展開安全大檢查,排除潛在安全隱患。
【詞匯講解】
Blanket這個詞我們最熟悉的意思是“毯子”,比如:an electric blanket(電熱毯),短語a blanket of something指“一層...”,比如: a thick blanket of snow(厚厚的一層雪)。在這里blanket用作形容詞,表示“全面的,綜合的,包括(所有人,所有事)的”,比如: a blanket ban on smoking(全面禁煙令)。
The commission and the Ministry of Emergency Management also asked local governments to better educate the public about evacuation procedures and to carry out drills so they won't panic when accidents happen.
安委會和應急管理部要求當?shù)卣訌娙罕姲踩逃嘤?,開展經常性熟悉演練,防止出現(xiàn)險情時手忙腳亂或不知所措。
Working groups from the central departments have been sent to guide the handling of the accident, while a national medical team has also been dispatched to Shiyan.
中央各部委已派出工作組指導事故處理工作,同時派醫(yī)療專家組趕赴十堰。
校外教育培訓監(jiān)管司 department to regulate extracurricular tutoring schools
The Ministry of Education on Tuesday established a new department to regulate extracurricular tutoring schools, aiming to reduce students' excessive academic burden.
6月15日,教育部新成立校外教育培訓監(jiān)管司,旨在為學生減負。
【詞匯講解】
這里的“監(jiān)管”用regulate來表示,是因為regulate強調“(按照法律法規(guī))管理或指導(工作)”或者“為...制定規(guī)范規(guī)則”,包含了“監(jiān)督”和“管理”兩重含義,比如:The government has introduced new laws to regulate the sale of tobacco(國家頒布新法規(guī)范煙草銷售)。我們通常所說的“行政管理”多用administer表示,這個詞強調的是“管理(機構的運行)”,比如:the UN will administer the country until elections can be held(選舉之前,這個國家由聯(lián)合國進行管理), 所以國家的一些行政管理機構的名稱里一般都有administration這個詞,比如: State Taxation Administration(國家稅務總局),State Administration for Market Regulation(國家市場監(jiān)管總局)等。
教育部官網的信息顯示,校外教育培訓監(jiān)管司的主要職責是:
承擔面向中小學生(含幼兒園兒童)的校外教育培訓管理工作(responsible for regulating tutoring schools for kindergarten pupils, primary and secondary school students),指導校外教育培訓機構黨的建設(Party building at tutoring schools),擬訂校外教育培訓規(guī)范管理政策(formulate regulatory policies for tutoring schools)。
會同有關方面擬訂校外教育培訓(含線上線下)機構設置、培訓內容、培訓時間、人員資質、收費監(jiān)管等相關標準和制度(set out standards for the content and duration of both online and offline training, the qualifications of tutors as well as charges)并監(jiān)督執(zhí)行,組織實施校外教育培訓綜合治理,指導校外教育培訓綜合執(zhí)法。
指導規(guī)范面向中小學生的社會競賽等活動(regulate competitions and contests for primary and secondary school students)。
及時反映和處理校外教育培訓重大問題(deal with major problems related to after-school training)。
神舟十二號載人飛船 Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft
China launched the Shenzhou XII spacecraft, its seventh manned spaceflight, on Thursday morning, sending three astronauts to the core module of its permanent space station.The spacecraft, atop a Long March-2F carrier rocket, blasted off at 9:22 am at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China.
6月17日9時22分,搭載神舟十二號載人飛船的長征二號F遙十二運載火箭,在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心點火發(fā)射。三名航天員將乘坐神舟十二號載人飛船到達我國永久空間站核心艙。神舟十二號載人飛船是我國第七次載人飛船任務。
【知識點】
在英文報道中,無人航空飛行器、衛(wèi)星、火箭等(unmanned space vessels, satellites, rockets)的編號一般用阿拉伯數(shù)字,而載人飛行器(manned spacecraft)的編號一般用羅馬數(shù)字,比如,“嫦娥五號”的英文是Chang'e-5,而我國首個載人飛船“神舟五號”的英文是Shenzhou V。
我們一起來學習一下羅馬數(shù)字中常用的表達方式:
1-I,2-II,3-III,4-IV,5-V
6-VI,7-VII,8-VIII,9-IX,10-X
11-XI,12-XII,13-XIII,14-XIV,15-XV
16-XVI,17-XVII,18-XVIII,19-XIX,20-XX
50-L,60-LX,70-LXX,80-LXXX,90-XC,100-C
400-CD,500-D,1000-M
按計劃,神舟十二號飛船入軌后,將采用自主快速交會對接模式對接于天和核心艙的前向端口(conduct a fast automated rendezvous and docking with the in-orbit space station core module Tianhe),與天和核心艙、天舟二號貨運飛船形成組合體( form a complex with Tianhe and the cargo craft Tianzhou-2)。航天員進駐核心艙(be stationed in the core module),執(zhí)行天地同步作息制度進行工作生活。駐留約三個月后,搭乘飛船返回艙返回東風著陸場(the Dongfeng Landing Site)。
根據神舟十二號載人飛行任務總體安排,三名航天員聶海勝、劉伯明和湯洪波在軌期間將主要完成四個方面的工作,計劃開展兩次出艙活動(extravehicular activities)及艙外作業(yè)(extravehicular operations)。中國載人航天工程辦公室主任助理季啟明介紹,這四項主要任務包括:
First, they will operate and manage the complex, including the in-orbit test of the Tianhe module, verification of the recycling and life support system, testing and operation training of the robotic arm, as well as management of materials and waste.
開展核心艙組合體的日常管理。包括天和核心艙在軌測試、再生生保系統(tǒng)驗證、機械臂測試與操作訓練,以及物資與廢棄物管理等。
Second, they will move, assemble and test extravehicular spacesuits and perform two extravehicular activities for work including assembling an extravehicular toolbox, lifting the panoramic camera and installing extended pump sets.
開展出艙活動及艙外作業(yè)。包括艙外服在軌轉移、組裝、測試,進行兩次出艙活動,開展艙外工具箱的組裝、全景攝像機抬升和擴展泵組的安裝等工作。
Third, they will carry out space science experiments and technology experiments, as well as public outreach activities.
開展空間科學實驗和技術試驗,以及有關科普教育活動。
Fourth, they will manage their own health through daily life care, physical exercise, and regular monitoring and assessment of their own health status.
按計劃開展日常的生活照料、身體鍛煉,定期監(jiān)測、維持與評估自身健康狀態(tài)。
按計劃,我國空間站將于2022年前后完成建造。
2021年4月29日,我國用長征五號乙運載火箭(Long March 5B heavy-lift rocket)將天和核心艙發(fā)射進入軌道。
Based on project plans, the Tianzhou 3 cargo ship will be launched in September to dock with Tianhe and the next month, another three-crew team will fly with the Shenzhou XIII to the module to stay there for six months.
按照計劃,今年9月,將發(fā)射天舟三號貨運飛船,升空后與天和對接;10月,另外3名航天員將搭乘神舟十三號飛船抵達核心艙,并駐留6個月。
In 2022, two large space labs will be launched to connect with the core module. Moreover, two manned missions and two robotic cargo flights will be made that year to continue construction of the Tiangong station, which is scheduled to become complete and start formal operation around the end of 2022.
2022年,將發(fā)射兩個大型太空實驗室,與核心艙對接。之后還將發(fā)射兩次載人任務和兩次貨運飛船任務,繼續(xù)推進天宮空間站的建設。到2022年底,空間站有望完成組裝,開始正式運行。
飯圈 fans group
一段時間以來,“飯圈”粉絲群體在網上互撕謾罵、應援打榜、造謠攻擊等問題屢見不鮮,破壞清朗網絡生態(tài),對未成年人身心健康造成不利影響,人民群眾反映強烈。
The Cyberspace Administration of China kicked off a two-month nationwide campaign this month to purify the online environment after it found that some netizens had lured youngsters to spend large amounts of money on stars, flaunt their wealth or become involved in mudslinging exchanges with fans of rival performers.
因網絡上誘導未成年人應援集資、攀比炫富、侮辱誹謗等問題突出,中央網信辦決定本月起在全國范圍內開展為期2個月的“清朗·‘飯圈’亂象整治”專項行動。
【知識點】
“飯圈”是粉絲圈子的簡稱,指粉絲群體(fans group),這里的“飯”=“粉絲”,由英文單詞fans音譯而來。
這里的mudsling指“Make malicious or scandalous allegations about an opponent with the aim of damaging their reputation”,即“惡意指責或誹謗對手,以達到破壞其名譽的目的”,相當于中文里的“抹黑、誹謗”等意思,跟slander、smear意思相近。
此次行動重點打擊以下5類“飯圈”亂象行為:
Luring youngsters to spend large amounts of money supporting and voting for their idols in order to boost their popularity;
一是誘導未成年人應援集資、高額消費、投票打榜等行為;
Trolling, slandering, mudslinging, cyber hunting, and other forms of privacy infringement;
二是“飯圈”粉絲互撕謾罵、拉踩引戰(zhàn)、造謠攻擊、人肉搜索、侵犯隱私等行為;
Inciting fans to flaunt wealth or indulge in luxury;
三是鼓動“飯圈”粉絲攀比炫富、奢靡享樂等行為;
Organizing fans, hiring paid posters or manipulating multiple social media acounts to slander or support stars by posting or deleting online comments;
四是以號召粉絲、雇用網絡水軍、“養(yǎng)號”形式刷量控評等行為;
Influencing public opinions through newsjacking or hyping, disturbing public communications.
五是通過“蹭熱點”、制造話題等形式干擾輿論,影響傳播秩序行為。
行動開始以來,騰訊、抖音、豆瓣、新浪微博等多個平臺均發(fā)布公告,開始清理各類亂象。
Sina Weibo, a Twitter-like platform, has banned netizens from using words such as gossip or onlooker in their nicknames when registering web accounts and has also increased supervision of posts involving entertainment idols.
新浪微博禁止用戶在昵稱中使用“八組”、“瓜組”等字眼,同時加強對娛樂圈偶像相關帖文的管理。
Statistics provided by the platform showed that more than 3,700 pieces of information involving arguments between followers of different celebrities were eliminated from June 4 to 11, and 13 accounts were prohibited from posting for 30 days due to improper behavior.
新浪微博提供的數(shù)據顯示,6月4日至11日,該平臺共刪除3700余條粉絲互撕謾罵的帖文,13個賬號因違規(guī)行為被禁言30天。
Douban, a popular site that features reviews of movies and television series, said its major focus is combating those who lure youngsters to raise money to support idols.
主打影視劇評論的豆瓣平臺表示,清理行動主要整治誘導青少年集資應援的行為。
中央網信辦有關負責人表示,專項行動將強化明星經紀公司、粉絲團規(guī)范管理,在引導青少年理性追星(follow celebrities in a rational manner)上協(xié)同發(fā)力,探索形成規(guī)范“飯圈”管理的長效工作機制(a long-term mechanism to regulate the activities of fans groups),推動“飯圈”文化實現(xiàn)良性發(fā)展,共同營造文明健康的網上精神家園。
建黨百年紀念幣 commemorative coins to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China
中國人民銀行定于6月21日起陸續(xù)發(fā)行中國共產黨成立100周年紀念幣一套(a set of commemorative coins to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China)。
The set has 9 coins, including three in gold, five in silver, and one copper-alloy coin, and all the commemorative coins are the nation's legal tenders, according to the People's Bank of China.
中國人民銀行介紹,該套紀念幣共9枚,其中金質紀念幣3枚,銀質紀念幣5枚,雙色銅合金紀念幣1枚,均為中華人民共和國法定貨幣。
【知識點】
“紀念幣”用英文commemorative coins 表示,是一個國家為紀念國際或本國的政治、歷史、文化等方面的重大事件、杰出人物、 名勝古跡、珍稀動植物、體育賽事等而發(fā)行的紀念硬幣,一般為精制,限量發(fā)行。Commemorative表示“紀念性的”,如紀念柱(commemorative column)、紀念郵票(commemorative stamp)、紀念封(commemorative cover)等。
中國人民銀行于1991年、2011年分別發(fā)行了中國共產黨成立70周年、中國共產黨成立90周年普通紀念幣。中國人民銀行副行長范一飛介紹:
The special commemorative coins are designed for the centenary of the CPC, with the highest specification and the largest number of various types in a set, compared with previously issued coins of similar commemorative themes.
與前兩次同題材紀念幣發(fā)行相比,中國共產黨成立100周年紀念幣的規(guī)格最高、品種最多。
【詞匯講解】
Centenary讀作[sen'ten?ri],可以用作形容詞或名詞表示“the hundredth anniversary of a significant event”(某個重大事件一百周年紀念),比如時政報道中經常提到的“兩個一百年”奮斗目標就是Two Centenary Goals,具體來說就是在中國共產黨成立100年時全面建成小康社會(complete a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC),在新中國成立100年時把我國建成富強民主文明和諧美麗的社會主義現(xiàn)代化強國(develop China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the centenary of the PRC)。
此套紀念幣緊密圍繞中國共產黨成立100周年慶?;顒舆@一主題,既有深沉厚重的歷史積淀,又有喜慶熱烈的節(jié)日氛圍。
據介紹,紀念幣圖案既有代表中國共產黨成立的上海中共一大會址(the site of the first CPC National Congress in Shanghai)、浙江嘉興南湖紅船(the red boat on Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing, Zhejiang),又有中國天眼(FAST)、高鐵(high-speed railways)等具有代表性的國家最新成就和象征未來發(fā)展的元素,還有展現(xiàn)百年光輝歷程的群雕、漆壁畫等。
中國工商銀行、中國農業(yè)銀行、中國銀行、中國建設銀行、交通銀行、華夏銀行、浦發(fā)銀行、中國郵政儲蓄銀行將共同承擔中國共產黨成立100周年雙色銅合金紀念幣的預約兌換工作。
預約承辦銀行將于8月31日至9月4日同時辦理兩批次的預約業(yè)務。公眾可通過預約承辦銀行官方網站等線上渠道或到網點進行預約登記。