6月，神舟十二號載人飛船發(fā)射成功，我國三名航天員進入空間站核心艙；中共一大紀念館正式開館；反外國制裁法正式公布實施；華為正式發(fā)布鴻蒙智能手機操作系統(tǒng)；教育部新成立校外教育培訓(xùn)監(jiān)管司；中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年紀念幣發(fā)行；我國首次頒授“七一勛章”；中央網(wǎng)信辦開展飯圈亂象治理行動等。

三孩政策 three-child policy

中共中央政治局5月31日召開會議，聽取“十四五”時期積極應(yīng)對人口老齡化重大政策舉措?yún)R報，審議《關(guān)于優(yōu)化生育政策促進人口長期均衡發(fā)展的決定》。

The meeting unveiled a policy that would allow all couples to have up to three children, in a bid to cope with an increasingly aging society. It also pledged stronger support for families.
會議提出，實施一對夫妻可以生育三個子女政策及配套支持措施，以應(yīng)對人口老齡化程度加深問題。

【知識點】

黨的十八大以來，黨中央根據(jù)我國人口發(fā)展變化形勢，先后作出一系列重大決策部署。

2013年，十八屆三中全會決定啟動實施“單獨二孩”政策（夫妻中有一方為獨生子女的可生育兩個孩子，two-child policy for couples of which one partner is an only child）。

2015年，十八屆五中全會決定實施“全面二孩政策”（the universal two-child policy），積極開展應(yīng)對人口老齡化（aging population）行動，促進人口均衡發(fā)展（improve the balanced development of population）。

實施三孩政策，有哪些配套措施？

They stressed the need for unified policymaking in terms of marriage, births, parenting and education, with stronger measures to guide young adults on issues related to marriage and family values and to target unhealthy social conduct during wedding ceremonies and excessive betrothal gifts.
要將婚嫁、生育、養(yǎng)育、教育一體考慮，加強適婚青年婚戀觀、家庭觀教育引導(dǎo)，對婚嫁陋習(xí)、天價彩禮等不良社會風(fēng)氣進行治理。

【知識點】

彩禮（betrothal gifts）是我國婚禮習(xí)俗中的一部分，指婚前男方送給女方的禮金和聘禮，送彩禮代表婚約正式締結(jié)，若有反悔，彩禮一般要退回。彩禮一般分為禮金（gift money）和實物（gift items）兩部分。與彩禮對應(yīng)的是女方出嫁時娘家準備的“嫁妝”（dowry）。

The level of services to ensure good prenatal and postnatal care must be improved, and a child care service system that benefits all families will be established.
提高優(yōu)生優(yōu)育服務(wù)水平，發(fā)展普惠托育服務(wù)體系。

The meeting called for greater equality in education and an enhanced supply of high-quality education resources to reduce families' education expenditure.
推進教育公平與優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源供給，降低家庭教育開支。

More incentives in taxes and housing will be rolled out and the legitimate interests of women in the job market will be safeguarded.
加強稅收、住房等支持政策，保障女性就業(yè)合法權(quán)益。

【詞匯講解】

Roll out something或者roll something out都表示“首次推出、發(fā)布（服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品、政策等）”，比如：The company plans to roll out the new product across Europe in the coming months.（公司計劃未來幾個月在歐洲發(fā)布這款新產(chǎn)品）。其名詞形式為rollout，表示某個產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)經(jīng)過試用后逐步擴大供應(yīng)至更多人群，比如：rollout of COVID-19 vaccines（新冠疫苗供應(yīng)）。此外，英語里還有一個固定短語roll out the red carpet for (someone)，字面意思是“為某人鋪紅毯”，其實也是“歡迎某人，盛情款待”的意思，比如：The city council decided to roll out the red carpet for the visit of the foreign prince.（該市議會決定為這位外國王子舉辦盛大的歡迎儀式）。

China should continue to implement its current reward and assistance system as well as preferential policies for families with one child and rural families with only two daughters who were born before the implementation of the two-child policy.
對全面兩孩政策調(diào)整前的獨生子女家庭和農(nóng)村計劃生育雙女家庭，要繼續(xù)實行現(xiàn)行各項獎勵扶助制度和優(yōu)惠政策。

The nation will establish and improve various policies for such families under the family planning policy.
要建立健全計劃生育特殊家庭全方位幫扶保障制度。

The meeting urged efforts to deepen the national medium- and long-term population development strategy and regional population development planning to promote long-term and balanced population development.
要深化國家人口中長期發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和區(qū)域人口發(fā)展規(guī)劃研究，促進人口長期均衡發(fā)展。

校外培訓(xùn)機構(gòu) off-campus training institutions

The State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) slapped fines amounting to 36.5 million yuan on 15 tutoring firms on Tuesday for false advertising and pricing frauds.
市場監(jiān)管總局6月1日宣布，15家校外培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)因虛假宣傳、價格欺詐被處以總計3650萬元的罰款。

【詞匯講解】

Fraud這個詞既可以指“欺詐”這個行為或罪名，也可以表示某個人是“騙子”或某件事是“騙局”，比如：That diet book is a fraud and a waste of time（那本烹飪書就是騙人的，純屬浪費時間），credit card fraud（信用卡詐騙），He claims to be a doctor, but he's just a fraud without a medical licence.（他自稱是醫(yī)生，但其實是一個沒有醫(yī)師執(zhí)照的騙子）。

The SAMR inspection found that 15 training institutions had indulged in false advertising, while 13 resorted to pricing frauds.
市場監(jiān)管總局檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)，15家機構(gòu)有虛假宣傳行為，13家機構(gòu)存在價格欺詐行為。

【詞匯講解】

校外培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)可以統(tǒng)稱為after-school/off-campus training institutions，其中針對在校課程的“補習(xí)班”可以用cram session或者tutoring class表示，而根據(jù)孩子們的興趣愛好開設(shè)的“興趣班”則可以用hobby class表示。

The regulator found that academic qualifications of some tutors at the firms were fabricated or exaggerated.
市場監(jiān)管總局發(fā)現(xiàn)部分培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)虛構(gòu)或夸大教師資質(zhì)。

市場監(jiān)管總局價監(jiān)競爭局局長袁喜祿表示，

The tutoring industry should not develop for profiteering, and disorderly expansion should be forestalled.
校外培訓(xùn)不是逐利的風(fēng)口，不是圈錢的工具，不能無序發(fā)展，不能盲目擴張。

【詞匯講解】

Profiteer這個詞以profit開頭，所以這個詞表達的意思與“利潤，利益”有關(guān)，profiteer可以用作動詞或名詞，表示“牟取暴利”或“牟取暴利的人、投機商人”等，比如：a war profiteer（戰(zhàn)時投機商）。Profiteering也是名詞，表示“牟取暴利（行為）”，比如：We will not tolerate profiteering on food aid that is supposed to be free.（我們不能容忍用免費的援助食物牟取暴利的行為）。

The malpractices of false advertising and pricing fraud have damaged the legitimate rights and interests of students and their parents and disrupted the orderly market competition.
虛假宣傳、價格欺詐等違法違規(guī)行為不僅損害了家長和學(xué)生的合法權(quán)益，還嚴重擾亂了行業(yè)競爭秩序。

對于校外培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)亂象，群眾反映日益強烈

The first quarter of 2021 saw surging complaints about the tutoring industry, with the total number of complaints filed by consumers via the online service platform "12315" topping 47,100, up 65 percent from a year earlier.
今年一季度，12315在線平臺的教育培訓(xùn)服務(wù)投訴舉報達4.71萬件，同比增長65%。

持續(xù)加大校外培訓(xùn)市場監(jiān)管力度

Market regulators will build a long-term mechanism of oversight and improve the code of conduct and supervision principles.
市場監(jiān)管部門將構(gòu)建長效監(jiān)管機制，完善校外培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)的行為規(guī)范和監(jiān)管原則。

鴻蒙操作系統(tǒng) HarmonyOS 2

Chinese telecom giant Huawei on Wednesday officially launched its operating system HarmonyOS 2 for smartphones, providing customers worldwide with a competitive alternative that works on a diverse range of devices.
6月2日，中國通訊巨頭華為正式發(fā)布鴻蒙智能手機操作系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可搭載多個系列的產(chǎn)品，為全球用戶提供了一個頗具競爭力的替代品。

【知識點】

“鴻蒙”在漢語詞典里的解釋是：古人認為天地開辟之前是一團混沌的元氣，這種自然的元氣叫做鴻蒙。但鴻蒙系統(tǒng)的英文名卻并沒有直接采用漢語拼音HongMeng，而是取名Harmony。余承東是這樣解釋的：“‘鴻蒙’中文有‘開天辟地’的意思，最接近的英語單詞就是Genesis（讀作['d?en?s?s]）。用漢語拼音太難發(fā)音了，所以我們?nèi)∶鸋armony，希望給世界帶來更多和平（peace）、方便（convenience）?！?/p>

這里的OS是operating system的簡寫形式，比如蘋果的操作系統(tǒng)就是iOS，安卓的操作系統(tǒng)就是Android OS。

HarmonyOS, or Hongmeng in Chinese, is an open-source operating system designed for various devices and scenarios. It first launched on Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, including wearables and tablets, in August 2019.
鴻蒙是一個開源操作系統(tǒng)，可用于多個設(shè)備和場景。2019年8月，鴻蒙操作系統(tǒng)發(fā)布，主要用于可穿戴設(shè)備和平板等物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備。

鴻蒙操作系統(tǒng)有什么特點？

As a next-generation operating system for smart devices, HarmonyOS provides a common language for different kinds of devices to connect and collaborate, providing users with a more convenient, smooth, and secure experience.
鴻蒙系統(tǒng)是新一代智能終端操作系統(tǒng)，為不同設(shè)備的智能化、互聯(lián)與協(xié)同提供統(tǒng)一的語言。鴻蒙更便捷、更流暢、更安全。

武漢大學(xué)計算機學(xué)院助理教授趙小剛表示，

Zhao called HarmonyOS a "mega-terminal" that enables more streamlined and efficient cross-device connectivity.
鴻蒙創(chuàng)造出了“超級終端”，使多設(shè)備互聯(lián)更加簡化、高效。

【詞匯講解】

Streamline這個詞用作動詞表示“to improve the effectiveness of an organization such as a business or government, often by making the way activities are performed simpler”，即“通過簡化辦事流程來提高企業(yè)或政府機構(gòu)的效率”，比如，streamline administration and delegate power就是時政類報道中經(jīng)常提到的“簡政放權(quán)”，The cost-cutting measures include streamlining administrative procedures in the company（降低成本的措施包括簡化公司的行政流程）。

"HarmonyOS greatly enhances the interactive speed between devices and improves the efficiency of their computing power, thus providing customers with a more optimized cross-device user experience," said Zhao.
鴻蒙大大提升了多設(shè)備的交互速度，提高了設(shè)備算力的利用率，從而提供了一個更加優(yōu)化的多設(shè)備用戶體驗。

華為常務(wù)董事、消費者業(yè)務(wù)CEO余承東表示：

"We are surrounded by more and more smart devices these days, and are now in a world where all things are connected," said Yu. "Every single one of us is a part of this fully connected world, as is every device. We look forward to working with more partners and developers to build a thriving HarmonyOS ecosystem," he said.
隨著每個人身邊的智能設(shè)備越來越多，我們已步入萬物互聯(lián)時代。沒有人是一個孤島，每個人、每個設(shè)備都是萬物互聯(lián)大陸的一部分。我們希望與更多合作伙伴、開發(fā)者共同繁榮鴻蒙生態(tài)。

市場反饋

Chinese industries, including home appliances, sports and fitness, travel, entertainment, and education, have welcomed the launch of HarmonyOS.
覆蓋家電家居、運動健康、出行、娛樂、教育等領(lǐng)域的中國產(chǎn)業(yè)界對鴻蒙系統(tǒng)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)表現(xiàn)出積極態(tài)度。

In May, Midea Group, a leading Chinese home appliances maker, announced that it would roll out some 200 new products running on HarmonyOS by the end of this year.
今年5月，中國家電業(yè)巨頭美的集團宣布計劃在年內(nèi)推出近200款搭載鴻蒙系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品進入市場。

Huawei expects the number of devices equipped with HarmonyOS to reach 300 million by the end of 2021, including more than 200 million for Huawei devices.
華為計劃在2021年實現(xiàn)將鴻蒙系統(tǒng)覆蓋3億臺設(shè)備，其中2億臺為自有設(shè)備。

中共一大紀念館 the memorial of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China

6月3日，位于上海市的中國共產(chǎn)黨第一次全國代表大會紀念館（the memorial of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China）開館。

The memorial includes the site of the first CPC National Congress, an oath-taking hall, and a newly-built exhibition area.
中共一大紀念館由中共一大會址、宣誓大廳、新建展館等部分組成。

【詞匯講解】

說到“紀念館”或“紀念碑”，我們會想到對應(yīng)的是memorial和monument這兩個詞。在具體使用的時候，兩個詞稍有區(qū)別：memorial可以指“紀念堂、紀念館，紀念物、紀念碑”等各類用以緬懷逝去的人們或者紀念某個重要事件的建筑物，比如：chairman Mao memorial hall（毛主席紀念堂），Beichuan Earthquake Memorial（北川地震紀念館）等，同時，memorial也可以直接表示“紀念（悼念）儀式”，可以跟memorial service/ceremony替換使用，比如：Thousands of people attended a memorial to victims of the accident.（數(shù)千人參加了這次事故遇難者的悼念儀式）。

Monument更多地用來指代實物的“紀念碑、紀念館”等具有歷史意義的建筑，一般用來紀念有重大影響的人物、事件等，比如：the Monument to the People's Heroes（人民英雄紀念碑），Washington Monument（華盛頓紀念碑），法國的Arc de Triomphe（凱旋門）也屬于monument。固定短語be a monument to sth表示“是...的豐碑，是...的不朽成果”，比如：The annual arts festival is a monument to her vision and hard work.（一年一度的藝術(shù)節(jié)是她開闊的視野及辛勤創(chuàng)作的成果）。The hotel is a monument to mass tourism.（這家旅館是大眾旅游熱潮的見證）。

More than 1,100 selected items that highlight the Party's history have been displayed in the exhibition area spanning 3,400 square meters.
展廳面積3400平方米，展出1100多件精選出來的黨史文物。

The exhibition area is divided into seven sections that chronicle the founding of the CPC as well as the Party's efforts and achievements over the past 100 years.
展覽共7個板塊，生動體現(xiàn)中國共產(chǎn)黨的誕生和百年奮斗歷程。

【詞匯講解】

Chronicle做名詞的時候表示“編年史”，一般強調(diào)按事件發(fā)生的順序記載，比如：a chronicle of the French Revolution（法國革命編年史），用作動詞的時候就表示“詳細記錄某件事的發(fā)生經(jīng)過”，比如：His one-man show chronicles the life of Mark Twain.（他的單人秀生動展現(xiàn)了馬克吐溫的一生）。

Exhibits including relics, photos and literature cover major events such as the New Culture Movement, the May Fourth Movement, the establishment of early CPC organizations and early CPC national congresses.
建黨文物集中展示新文化運動、五四運動、共產(chǎn)黨早期組織的成立，以及早期中國共產(chǎn)黨全國代表大會等事件的珍貴文獻、照片、實物等。

A total of 72 versions of The Communist Manifesto are also on display.
《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》72種版本全部展出。

“聯(lián)合國生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”倡議 the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration

Amidst the triple environmental threat of biodiversity loss, climate disruption and escalating pollution, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres on Friday launched the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration on the eve of World Environment Day.
6月4日，聯(lián)合國秘書長古特雷斯宣布啟動“聯(lián)合國生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”行動計劃，以應(yīng)對生物多樣性喪失、氣候破壞和污染加劇的三重環(huán)境威脅。

【知識點】

“聯(lián)合國生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”倡議（the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration）是一項全球性號召，致力于推動世界各地對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)進行保護和修復(fù)（a rallying call for the protection and revival of ecosystems all around the world），從而造福人類和自然。它旨在制止生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的退化（halt the degradation of ecosystems），并對其進行修復(fù)，以實現(xiàn)全球目標。只有擁有健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，我們才能改善人民生計，抵御氣候變化，阻止生物多樣性喪失（Only with healthy ecosystems can we enhance people’s livelihoods, counteract climate change, and stop the collapse of biodiversity）。

聯(lián)合國生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年從2021年持續(xù)到2030年，這也是實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標的最后期限（the deadline for the Sustainable Development Goals）和科學(xué)家們認定的防止災(zāi)難性氣候變化的最后機會（the timeline scientists have identified as the last chance to prevent catastrophic climate change）。

“聯(lián)合國生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”由聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署（the UN Environment Programme，UNEP）和聯(lián)合國糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織（the Food and Agriculture Organization，F(xiàn)AO）共同領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，旨在重構(gòu)、重建、重塑生態(tài)系統(tǒng)（ re-imagine, recreate and restore ecosystems）。

聯(lián)合國秘書長古特雷斯在行動計劃在線啟動儀式上發(fā)表視頻講話說，

The planet was rapidly reaching a "point of no return," cutting down forests, polluting rivers and oceans, and ploughing grasslands "into oblivion."
地球正迅速接近“不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的臨界點”?？撤ド?、污染河流和海洋、開墾草原導(dǎo)致自然資源正在“消失殆盡”。

【詞匯講解】

單詞oblivion本意是“完全被遺忘”，常見的搭配是fade/slide/sink into oblivion，均表示“慢慢淡出別人的記憶”，比如：These toys will be around for a year or two, then fade/slide/sink into oblivion（這些玩具在手邊玩一兩年以后就會被冷落在一旁了）。此外，oblivion還表示“被徹底摧毀”，比如：The planes bombed the city into oblivion（飛機轟炸把這座城市夷為平地）。

"We are ravaging the very ecosystems that underpin our societies," the UN chief warned.
我們正在破壞支撐我們社會的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

"Our degradation of the natural world is destroying the very food, water and resources needed to survive, and already undermining the well-being of 3.2 billion people -- or 40 percent of humanity," said the top UN official.
自然界的退化正在破壞人類賴以生存的食物、水和資源，而且已經(jīng)危及全球40%的人口（32億人）的生存。

But fortunately, the Earth is resilient and "we still have time to reverse the damage we have done," he added.
幸運的是，地球是有恢復(fù)能力的，我們還有時間扭轉(zhuǎn)自己造成的破壞。

【詞匯講解】

時政類報道中經(jīng)常提到的“經(jīng)濟有韌性”一般會翻譯為resilience in economic development或者resilient economic growth。所謂的“韌性”就是指經(jīng)歷過挫折和困境以后還能恢復(fù)到原先活力狀態(tài)的能力，形容詞resilient和名詞resilience都可以用來表達這個意思。此外，形容詞resilient和名詞resilience也表示“彈性好的，能復(fù)原的，適應(yīng)力好的”等意思，比如：Life is hard there, but the people are resilient.（那里生活艱難，但是人們都堅韌不拔），上文中the Earth is resilient也是這一層意思。This rubber ball is very resilient and immediately springs back into shape.（這個橡皮球彈性非常好，很快就恢復(fù)了原狀）。

By restoring ecosystems, he said that "we can drive a transformation that will contribute to the achievement of all the Sustainable Development Goals."
通過恢復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可以推動一場變革，這將有助于實現(xiàn)所有可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標。

"Accomplishing these things will not only safeguard the planet's resources. It will create millions of new jobs by 2030, generate returns of over 7 trillion US dollars every year and help eliminate poverty and hunger."
做好有關(guān)工作，不僅能保護地球資源，而且到2030年，這場變革將創(chuàng)造數(shù)百萬新的就業(yè)機會，每年產(chǎn)生超過7萬億美元的回報并幫助消除貧困和饑餓。

He pointed out that the next 10 years are "our final chance to avert a climate catastrophe, turn back the deadly tide of pollution and end species loss."
未來十年是避免氣候災(zāi)難、扭轉(zhuǎn)致命污染浪潮、終結(jié)物種喪失的最后機會。

新冠疫苗緊急使用 emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines

China is expected to administer COVID-19 vaccines to at least 70 percent of the target population by the end of this year, an official from the National Health Commission confirmed, as the country continues to ramp up its inoculation drive to approve the emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines for those aged between 3 and 17 years old.
我國繼續(xù)推進新冠疫苗接種工作，已批準將3-17歲人群納入新冠疫苗緊急使用年齡范圍。國家衛(wèi)健委相關(guān)負責人表示，預(yù)計到今年年底前，我國將完成至少70%的目標人群接種。

【知識點】

我國已有21個新冠疫苗進入臨床試驗階段（21 COVID-19 vaccines entering different stages of clinical trials）。目前有4個疫苗在國內(nèi)獲批附條件上市（conditional market approval for public use），3個疫苗在國內(nèi)獲批緊急使用（emergency use authorization），8個疫苗在國外獲批開展Ⅲ期臨床試驗（launch Phase-3 clinical trials），1個mRNA疫苗在國外獲倫理批準（pass ethics evaluation overseas），實現(xiàn)了境外臨床試驗滅活疫苗（inactivated vaccines）、重組蛋白疫苗（recombinant protein vaccines）、腺病毒載體疫苗（adenovirus vector vaccines）、核酸疫苗（nucleic acid vaccines）技術(shù)路線的全面覆蓋。

Preliminary results from Phase I and II clinical trials showed the vaccine could trigger immune response in three to 17 year-old participants, and most adverse reactions were mild.
Ⅰ/Ⅱ期臨床試驗初步結(jié)果顯示，疫苗能夠觸發(fā)3到17歲接種者體內(nèi)的免疫反應(yīng)，多數(shù)不良反應(yīng)輕微。

Following approval by relevant authorities, vaccination will be open to people in this age group based on the epidemic prevention and control situation .
經(jīng)國家有關(guān)部門批準后，會根據(jù)疫情防控需要在這一人群中推動接種。

年齡最大接種者超過100歲

Over 763 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines had been administered across China as of Saturday, NHC figures showed.
國家衛(wèi)健委發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至6月5日，我國新冠疫苗接種已超過7.63億劑次。

The oldest vaccine recipients in China's vaccination campaign, open to people aged over 18, are more than 100 years old.
目前我國新冠疫苗接種面向18歲以上人群，其中年齡最大的接種者超過100歲。

China is also making headway in creating nasal spray and inhaled COVID-19 vaccines as clinical trials of them are underway, and experts will study their safety and efficacy after completing the collection of relevant data.
我國在鼻噴霧式 / 吸入型新冠疫苗研發(fā)方面也有新進展，目前這種疫苗正在進行臨床試驗。相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)收集完成后，專家將對其安全性和有效性展開研究。

【詞匯講解】

固定搭配make headway表示“move forward or make progress”（前進或有進步），比如：The boat made little headway against the strong current（海浪太大，船幾乎沒怎么動）；We're gradually making headway with the project（我們的項目在慢慢推進）。

長江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護 ecological protection in the Yangtze River basin

6月7日，國務(wù)院關(guān)于長江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護工作情況的報告提請十三屆全國人大常委會第二十九次會議審議。

China has made notable progress in improving water quality, restoring aquatic biodiversity and controlling pollution in the Yangtze River basin, according to the report.
報告顯示，長江流域在水質(zhì)提升、水生物種多樣性修復(fù)以及污染防控方面均取得明顯成效。

Water quality of 96.7 percent of Yangtze River segments reached Level III standard or above in 2020, 13.3 percentage points higher than the national average and 14.9 percentage points higher than the 2015 figure. For the first time, the water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River reached Level II standard or above in 2020, the report notes.
2020年，長江流域水質(zhì)優(yōu)良（Ⅲ類以上）斷面比例為96.7%，高于全國平均水平13.3個百分點，較2015年提高14.9個百分點，干流首次全線達到Ⅱ類水質(zhì)。

【知識點】

根據(jù)國家環(huán)?？偩峙c國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗檢疫總局聯(lián)合發(fā)布的《地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準》，依據(jù)地表水（surface water）水域環(huán)境功能和保護目標（the utilization purposes and protection objectives），按功能高低依次劃分為五類：

Ⅰ類（一類地表水 Class I） 主要適用于源頭水（source water）、國家自然保護區(qū)（national nature reserves）；

Ⅱ類 （二類地表水 Class II）主要適用于集中式生活飲用水地表水源地一級保護區(qū)（first-class protected areas for centralized sources of drinking water）、珍稀水生生物棲息地（protected areas for rare aquatic animals）、魚蝦類產(chǎn)場（spawning fields of fishes and shrimps）、仔稚幼魚的索餌場等；

Ⅲ類 （三類地表水 Class III）主要適用于集中式生活飲用水地表水源地二級保護區(qū)、魚蝦類越冬場、洄游通道（migration pathways）、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖區(qū)（aquatic breeding areas）等漁業(yè)水域及游泳區(qū)；

Ⅳ類（四類地表水 Class IV） 主要適用于一般工業(yè)用水區(qū)及人體非直接接觸的娛樂用水區(qū)（water areas for industrial use and entertainment which is not directly touched by human bodies）；

V類（五類地表水 Class V） 主要適用于農(nóng)業(yè)用水區(qū)及一般景觀要求水域（water bodies for agricultural and landscape use）。

此外，水污染治理中提到的“劣Ⅴ類”（below Class V），是指質(zhì)量低于V類的水，甚至無法用于工業(yè)和灌溉用途（unusable even for industrial or irrigation purposes），被描述為“黑臭”水體（"black and stinky" water）。

落實長江“十年禁漁”

Provinces and municipalities along the Yangtze River have effectively implemented the 10-year fishing ban, with 228,000 fishermen on 110,000 boats relinquishing their nets, says the report, adding that there have been more frequent sightings of flagship species, such as the Yangtze finless porpoise, after the ban.
沿江省市落實長江“十年禁漁”，累計退捕漁船11萬艘、漁民22.8萬人。禁捕后，長江江豚等旗艦物種的出現(xiàn)頻率增加。

【詞匯講解】

這里的relinquish表示“放棄（某種責任或權(quán)力；手中持有的東西）”，比如：relinquish one's claim to the throne（放棄王位），relinquish control of the family business（放棄家族生意），以及上文中的relinquish nets（放下漁網(wǎng)），也就是“退捕”，不再打魚了。

加強污染治理

Amid pollution control efforts, 558 hazardous chemical production enterprises in densely populated urban areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have been relocated or transformed, accounting for 97.2 percent of the total number, says the report.
在污染治理方面，完成長江經(jīng)濟帶城鎮(zhèn)人口密集區(qū)危險化學(xué)品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)搬遷改造558家，完成率97.2%。

Measures have been taken to curb agricultural non-point source pollution, says the report, adding that efforts have been strengthened to prevent shipping pollution, promoting the use of new and clean energy by ships in ports along the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
加強農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染防治，同時，加強航運污染治理，持續(xù)推進長江經(jīng)濟帶港口船舶使用新能源、清潔能源。

推動綠色發(fā)展

2021年是全面貫徹落實長江保護法（the Yangtze River conservation law）的第一年。要全面貫徹落實長江保護法，依法推動長江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護。

More efforts will be made in promoting green development, preventing and controlling pollution, carrying out ecological restoration, and establishing and improving relevant systems and mechanisms, the report notes.
要扎實推動綠色發(fā)展，深入開展污染防治，持續(xù)開展生態(tài)修復(fù)，建立健全制度機制。

全球經(jīng)濟增長預(yù)期 global economic projection

6月8日，世界銀行發(fā)布最新一期《全球經(jīng)濟展望》報告。

China's economic growth is expected to accelerate to 8.5 percent this year, faster than projected in January, supported by buoyant exports and release of pent-up demand amid effective control of the COVID-19 outbreak, the World Bank said in the report.
世界銀行在報告中指出，受活躍的出口貿(mào)易以及新冠疫情有效控制后被壓抑的需求得到釋放等因素支撐，今年中國經(jīng)濟增速有望提升至8.5%，高于今年1月的預(yù)估。

【詞匯講解】

很多人看到project這個詞，第一反應(yīng)就是“項目、工程”，但是在經(jīng)濟展望的報道里，project通常用作動詞，表示“to estimate for the future based on information already known”，即“（根據(jù)已知信息）預(yù)測、預(yù)估”，比如：Government spending is projected to rise by three percent next year（預(yù)計明年政府支出將增加3%），其名詞形式就是projection，比如上文中的“faster than projected in January”也可以改寫為“higher than the January projection”。

In addition to China, the strong rebounds from a few major economies, including the United States whose growth is projected at 6.8 percent, will propel the global economy to expand by 5.6 percent this year, the fastest post-recession pace in 80 years, according to the report.
報告指出，除中國以外，得益于美國等少數(shù)幾個主要經(jīng)濟體強勁反彈支撐，今年全球經(jīng)濟增長預(yù)期為5.6%，將成為80年來全球在經(jīng)濟衰退后的最快增速。美國經(jīng)濟預(yù)計將增長6.8%。

Despite the recovery, global output will be about 2 percent below pre-pandemic projections by the end of this year, the report showed. Per capita income losses will not be unwound by 2022 for about two-thirds of emerging markets and developing economies.
報告表示，盡管出現(xiàn)復(fù)蘇，但到今年年底全球產(chǎn)出將比疫情前預(yù)測低2%左右。約三分之二新興市場和發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟體的人均收入損失在2022年之前將難以恢復(fù)。

【詞匯講解】

這里的unwound是動詞unwind（讀作 /?n?wɑ?nd/）的過去分詞形式，表示“to change or remove the effects of something”（改變或消除某事的影響），比如：Financial markets believe that these imbalances can be unwound gradually, allowing the economy to land softly（金融市場認為，這些失衡現(xiàn)象會逐步消除，讓經(jīng)濟得以軟著陸）。其實，unwind就是動詞wind（讀作 /wɑ?nd/）的反義詞，wind表示“擰，轉(zhuǎn)”等意思，“給鐘表上發(fā)條”常用wind (up) a clock or watch表示，與之相反，wind down或unwind就可以表示“松開發(fā)條，放松”，相當于relax，比如：The facility was built as a place where workers could go and unwind after their shifts（這個地方就是讓工人們換班以后放松休息的地方）。

世行行長馬爾帕斯表示，

While there are welcome signs of global recovery, the pandemic continues to inflict poverty and inequality on people in developing countries around the world.
雖然出現(xiàn)全球復(fù)蘇的可喜跡象，但疫情持續(xù)給世界各地發(fā)展中國家的人民帶來貧困和不平等。

First and foremost, expanding vaccine distribution and deployment, especially to developing countries, is a precondition to economic recovery.
首要任務(wù)是擴大疫苗分配和供給，特別是對發(fā)展中國家的供應(yīng)，這是經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的前提條件。

Globally coordinated efforts are essential to accelerate vaccine distribution and debt relief, particularly for low-income countries.
在加快疫苗分配和減債進程中，全球范圍的協(xié)調(diào)工作至關(guān)重要，對低收入國家而言尤其如此。

As the health crisis eases, policymakers will need to address the pandemic's lasting effects and take steps to spur green, resilient, and inclusive growth while safeguarding macroeconomic stability.
隨著健康危機逐漸消退，政府決策者需要著手解決疫情的持久性影響，采取措施促進綠色、有韌性和包容性的增長，同時維護宏觀經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定。