6月30日，世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)布新聞公報稱，中國正式獲得世衛(wèi)組織消除瘧疾認證。公報稱，中國瘧疾感染病例由上世紀40年代的3000萬減少至零，是一項了不起的壯舉。

Following a 70-year effort, China has been awarded a malaria-free certification from WHO – a notable feat for a country that reported 30 million cases of the disease annually in the 1940s.

經(jīng)過70年的努力，中國正式獲得世界衛(wèi)生組織消除瘧疾認證，這對于一個在上世紀40年代每年有3000萬人感染瘧疾的國家來說是一項了不起的壯舉。

Congratulating the people of China on ridding the country of malaria, the Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has said that “Their success was hard-earned and came only after decades of targeted and sustained action ”.

世衛(wèi)組織總干事譚德塞向中國消除瘧疾表示祝賀。譚德塞博士說：“中國的成功來之不易，這主要得益于中國數(shù)十年持續(xù)精準防控。”

China is the first country in the WHO Western Pacific Region to be awarded a malaria-free certification in more than 3 decades. Other countries in the region that have achieved this status include Australia (1981), Singapore (1982) and Brunei Darussalam (1987).

中國是世界衛(wèi)生組織西太平洋地區(qū)三十多年來首個獲得消除瘧疾認證的國家。該區(qū)域其他獲此認證的國家包括澳大利亞（1981年獲認證）、新加坡（1982年獲認證）和文萊達魯薩蘭國（1987年獲認證）。

"China’s tireless effort to achieve this important milestone demonstrates how strong political commitment and strengthening national health systems can result in eliminating a disease that once was a major public health problem," said Dr. Takeshi Kasai, Regional Director, WHO Western Pacific Regional Office. "China’s achievement takes us one step closer towards the vision of a malaria-free Western Pacific Region,” he added.

世界衛(wèi)生組織西太平洋區(qū)域主任葛西健博士表示：“中國為實現(xiàn)這一重要里程碑所作的不懈努力表明，強有力的政治承諾、加強國家衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)，可以戰(zhàn)勝瘧疾這一公共衛(wèi)生大挑戰(zhàn)。中國的成就使西太平洋地區(qū)朝消除瘧疾的目標更近了一步?！?/p>

中國抗擊瘧疾之路

Beginning in the 1950s, health authorities in China worked to locate and stop the spread of malaria by providing preventive antimalarial medicines for people at risk of the disease as well as treatment for those who had fallen ill. The country also made a major effort to reduce mosquito breeding grounds and stepped up the use of insecticide spraying in homes in some areas.

從上世紀50年代開始，中國衛(wèi)生部門通過為有瘧疾風(fēng)險的人群提供預(yù)防性抗瘧疾藥物以及為患者提供治療來定位和阻斷瘧疾的傳播。中國還大力減少蚊蟲滋生的溫床，并在部分地區(qū)的居民家中增加殺蟲劑的使用。

In 1967, the Chinese government launched the “523 Project” – a nation-wide research program aimed at finding new treatments for malaria. This effort, involving more than 500 scientists from 60 institutions, led to the discovery in the 1970s of artemisinin – the core compound of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), the most effective antimalarial drugs available today.

1967年，中國政府啟動了“523項目”，這個全國性的研究項目旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)防治瘧疾的新藥物。在來自60個研究機構(gòu)的500多名科學(xué)家的努力下，終于在上世紀70年代發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素，青蒿素聯(lián)合療法是當前最有效的抗瘧藥物。

In the 1980s, China was one of the first countries in the world to extensively test the use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) for the prevention of malaria, well before nets were recommended by WHO for malaria control.

上世紀80年代，早在世衛(wèi)組織建議使用蚊帳控制瘧疾之前，中國就是世界上最早廣泛使用藥浸蚊帳預(yù)防瘧疾的國家之一。

By 1988, more than 2.4 million nets had been distributed nation-wide. The use of such nets led to substantial reductions in malaria incidence in the areas where they were deployed.

1988年，中國在全國范圍內(nèi)分發(fā)了240多萬頂蚊帳。這種蚊帳的使用大大降低了配置地區(qū)的瘧疾發(fā)病率。

By the end of 1990, the number of malaria cases in China had plummeted to 117, 000, and deaths were reduced by 95%. With support from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, beginning in 2003, China stepped up training, staffing, laboratory equipment, medicines and mosquito control, an effort that led to a further reduction in cases; within 10 years, the number of cases had fallen to about 5000 annually.

到1990年年底，中國的瘧疾病例數(shù)驟降至11.7萬例，死亡人數(shù)減少了95%。2003年起，在“抗擊艾滋病、結(jié)核病和瘧疾全球基金”的支持下，中國加強了培訓(xùn)、人員配備、實驗室設(shè)備、藥物和蚊蟲控制措施，此舉導(dǎo)致病例數(shù)進一步減少。不到十年，中國的瘧疾病例數(shù)就降至每年5000例左右。

In recent years, the country further reduced its malaria caseload through a strict adherence to the timelines of the “1-3-7” strategy. The “1” signifies the one-day deadline for health facilities to report a malaria diagnosis; by the end of day 3, health authorities are required to confirm a case and determine the risk of spread; and, within 7 days, appropriate measures must be taken to prevent further spread of the disease.

近年來，中國嚴格遵循“1-3-7”工作模式，即1天內(nèi)進行病例報告，3天內(nèi)完成病例復(fù)核和流調(diào)，7天內(nèi)開展疫點調(diào)查和處置，進一步減少了瘧疾病例數(shù)。

In 2020, after reporting 4 consecutive years of zero indigenous cases, China applied for an official WHO certification of malaria elimination. Members of the independent Malaria Elimination Certification Panel travelled to China in May 2021 to verify the country’s malaria-free status as well as its program to prevent re-establishment of the disease.

中國自2017年以來已連續(xù)4年無本地原發(fā)感染瘧疾病例報告，并于去年正式向世衛(wèi)組織申請國家消除瘧疾認證。獨立的消除瘧疾認證小組成員于2021年5月前往中國，以核實中國的無瘧疾狀態(tài)及其防止瘧疾再次發(fā)生的規(guī)劃。

注：根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織的標準，一個國家或地區(qū)連續(xù)3年沒有本土瘧疾病例，并建立有效的瘧疾快速檢測、監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，制定瘧疾防控方案，才能獲得消除瘧疾認證。

Globally, 40 countries and territories have been granted a malaria-free certification from WHO including most recently, El Salvador (2021), Algeria (2019), Argentina (2019), Paraguay (2018) and Uzbekistan (2018).

全球共有40個國家和地區(qū)獲得世衛(wèi)組織消除瘧疾認證，近期獲認證的包括薩爾瓦多（2021年）、阿爾及利亞（2019年）、阿根廷（2019年）、巴拉圭（2018年）和烏茲別克斯坦（2018年）。

英文來源：Foreign Affairs News

翻譯&編輯：丹妮