六、優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化得到保護(hù)和發(fā)展
VI. Protection and Development of Traditional Culture

國(guó)家高度重視保護(hù)和發(fā)展西藏傳統(tǒng)文化，投入巨大人力、財(cái)力、物力，運(yùn)用法律、經(jīng)濟(jì)和行政等多種手段，使西藏優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化在有效保護(hù)的基礎(chǔ)上得到了弘揚(yáng)和發(fā)展。
China attaches great importance to the protection and development of traditional Tibetan culture. It has invested huge human, financial and material resources to protect, develop and carry forward the fine traditional culture of Tibet through a variety of legal, economic and administrative means.

——藏語(yǔ)言文字得到廣泛使用
– The Tibetan spoken and written language is widely used.

藏語(yǔ)文的學(xué)習(xí)、使用受到法律保護(hù)。自治區(qū)成立以來(lái)，西藏自治區(qū)人民代表大會(huì)通過(guò)的決議、法規(guī)，西藏各級(jí)政府和政府各部門(mén)下達(dá)的正式文件、發(fā)布的公告都使用漢藏兩種文字。地方各級(jí)政府和企事業(yè)單位組織的大型會(huì)議和主要活動(dòng)中，行文堅(jiān)持使用漢藏兩種文字。司法訴訟活動(dòng)中，根據(jù)藏族訴訟參與人的需要使用藏語(yǔ)文審理案件、制作法律文書(shū)，保障藏族公民使用藏語(yǔ)言文字訴訟的權(quán)利。目前，西藏公開(kāi)發(fā)行藏文期刊16種、藏文報(bào)紙12種，累計(jì)出版藏文圖書(shū)7185種、4009萬(wàn)冊(cè)。此外，藏語(yǔ)言文字在衛(wèi)生、郵政、通訊、交通、金融、科技等領(lǐng)域都得到廣泛使用。
The study and use of the Tibetan language is protected by law. Since the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region, the resolutions and regulations adopted by its people's congress, and the official documents and announcements by governments at various levels and government departments have all been issued in Chinese and Tibetan. The two languages are used in large meetings and major activities organized by local governments, enterprises and public institutions. In judicial proceedings, the Tibetan language is used to hear cases and make legal documents in accordance with the needs of Tibetan litigants, so as to guarantee the right of Tibetan citizens to use the language for litigation. Tibet now has 16 periodicals and 12 newspapers in the Tibetan language, and has published more than 40 million copies of 7,185 Tibetan-language books. In addition, the language is widely used in health, postal services, communications, transport, finance, and science and technology.

藏文典籍得到保護(hù)和利用。1984年，國(guó)家撥款新建西藏自治區(qū)檔案館，保存和收藏了大量珍貴的藏文檔案，目前館藏檔案達(dá)300多萬(wàn)卷（冊(cè)、件）。持續(xù)支持重要藏文經(jīng)典的搜集、整理、翻譯和出版工作，組織對(duì)勘出版《中華大藏經(jīng)》藏文版，搶救整理《格薩爾王傳》，出版《先哲遺書(shū)》叢書(shū)、《中華大典·藏文卷》、“雪域文庫(kù)”叢書(shū)等眾多寶貴藏文典籍。
Tibetan classics are protected and utilized. In 1984, the state allocated funds for the establishment of the Archives of the Tibet Autonomous Region, which houses and preserves a large number of precious Tibetan archives. The archives in its collection now number more than 3 million items. The state supports the collection, collation, translation and publication of important Tibetan classics. It has organized the collation and publication of the Tibetan-language Chinese Tripitaka, the rescue and collation of the epic Life of King Gesar, and the publication of many valuable Tibetan classics, including the Collected Works of Ancient Tibetan Scholars, Library of Chinese Classics: Tibet Volume, and the “Library of Snowfield Classics” series.

高度重視藏語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作。1995年，成立全國(guó)藏語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作委員會(huì)，2018年，工作委員會(huì)發(fā)布《黨的十八大以來(lái)審定的藏語(yǔ)新詞術(shù)語(yǔ)》，包含近1500條藏語(yǔ)新詞術(shù)語(yǔ)。藏語(yǔ)文信息化、藏文軟件研發(fā)推廣等工作取得顯著成果。1997年7月藏文編碼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正式獲得通過(guò)，成為國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《信息技術(shù)　通用多八位編碼字符集》的重要組成部分，藏語(yǔ)言文字成為第一個(gè)具有國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、獲得全球信息高速公路通行證的中國(guó)少數(shù)民族語(yǔ)言文字。2004年，西藏自治區(qū)人民政府與國(guó)家信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部簽訂《關(guān)于藏文軟件開(kāi)發(fā)和推廣應(yīng)用的合作協(xié)議》，研發(fā)出輸入法、操作系統(tǒng)、辦公軟件、網(wǎng)頁(yè)瀏覽器等一系列基礎(chǔ)性藏文軟件。2015年底，國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《信息技術(shù)　藏文詞匯》正式發(fā)布，標(biāo)志著我國(guó)第一個(gè)少數(shù)民族文字的信息技術(shù)詞匯國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正式誕生。
The standardization of Tibetan terminology is high on the state agenda. In 1995, the National Working Committee for the Standardization of Tibetan Terminology was established. In 2018, the working committee issued the New Tibetan Terms Approved Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which contains nearly 1,500 new terms. Remarkable results have been achieved in employing the Tibetan language in IT and in the research, development and promotion of Tibetan-language software. In July 1997, the Tibetan coded character set was officially adopted, and became an important part of the Information Technology – Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set. The Tibetan language thus became the first ethnic-minority language in China with an international standard and a pass to the global information superhighway. In 2004, the People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region and the Ministry of Information Industry signed the Cooperation Agreement on the Development, Promotion and Application of Tibetan-Language Software, on which base a core set of Tibetan-language software was developed, including input method, operating system, office software, and web browser. At the end of 2015, the national standard Information Technology – Vocabulary in Tibetan was officially released, which marked the birth of China's first national standard vocabulary for information technology in an ethnic-minority language.

——風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣得到充分尊重
– Customs and habits are fully respected.

國(guó)家尊重和保障西藏各民族按照傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣生活和進(jìn)行社會(huì)活動(dòng)的權(quán)利。各族群眾在保持服飾、飲食、住房的傳統(tǒng)方式和風(fēng)格的同時(shí)，也吸收了不少新的現(xiàn)代文化習(xí)俗。藏歷新年、拉薩雪頓節(jié)、那曲賽馬節(jié)等一大批群眾性文化傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶得到繼承和創(chuàng)新。近年來(lái)，增設(shè)“西藏百萬(wàn)農(nóng)奴解放紀(jì)念日”，以及日喀則珠峰文化節(jié)、山南雅礱文化節(jié)、林芝桃花節(jié)等各種文化旅游節(jié)，豐富了廣大人民群眾的精神生活，展示了新時(shí)代西藏人民的精神風(fēng)貌。
The state respects and protects the rights of all ethnic groups in Tibet to live and conduct social activities in accordance with traditional customs and habits. While maintaining their traditional ways and styles of dress, diet and housing, people of all ethnic groups have also absorbed many new and modern cultural customs. The Tibetan New Year, the Shoton Festival in Lhasa, and the Horse Racing Festival in Nagqu are among a large number of cultural and traditional festivals that have been conserved and upgraded. In recent years, various cultural and tourism festivals, such as the Commemoration Day for the Liberation of One Million Serfs in Tibet, the Mount Qomolangma Culture and Art Festival in Xigaze, the Yarlung Cultural Festival in Shannan, and the Peach Blossom Festival in Nyingchi, have enriched the lives of Tibetan people and showcased their vitality in the new era.

——文化遺產(chǎn)得到有效保護(hù)傳承
– Cultural heritage is effectively protected and passed on.

幾十年來(lái)，西藏多次組織大規(guī)模、有系統(tǒng)的文化遺產(chǎn)普查、搜集、整理和研究工作?，F(xiàn)已調(diào)查登記的各類(lèi)文物點(diǎn)4277處，各級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位1985處，其中國(guó)家級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位70處。繼1972年維修大昭寺之后，國(guó)家持續(xù)投入巨額資金對(duì)布達(dá)拉宮、羅布林卡、大昭寺等文物古跡進(jìn)行維修保護(hù)，僅1989年至1995年，國(guó)家就投入2億多元對(duì)布達(dá)拉宮進(jìn)行維修及廣場(chǎng)擴(kuò)建。2018年底，啟動(dòng)了周期10年、投資3億元的布達(dá)拉宮文物（古籍文獻(xiàn)）保護(hù)利用項(xiàng)目。2006年至2020年，安排資金34億多元，實(shí)施西藏博物館改擴(kuò)建工程等155處文物保護(hù)單位的維修工程。35個(gè)村落列入中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落名錄，中央財(cái)政支持6900萬(wàn)元，保護(hù)了農(nóng)耕文明傳承和文化遺產(chǎn)，改善了農(nóng)牧民居住環(huán)境。
Over the past few decades, Tibet has organized large-scale and systematic surveys, and the collection, collation and research of cultural heritage. A total of 4,277 cultural relics sites of all kinds have been examined and registered. Tibet has 1,985 cultural relics sites under the protection of governments at different levels, of which 70 are under state protection. Since restorative work was done on the Jokhang Temple in 1972, the state has continued to invest huge funds in the maintenance and protection of the Potala Palace, Norbulingka, Jokhang Temple and other cultural relics and historic sites. From 1989 to 1995 alone, the state invested more than RMB200 million in the maintenance of the Potala Palace and the expansion of its square. At the end of 2018, the state launched a 10-year project to protect and utilize cultural relics of the Potala Palace – mainly ancient books and documents – at an investment of RMB300 million. From 2006 to 2020, the state allocated more than RMB3.4 billion for the maintenance of 155 cultural relic sites under protection, including the renovation and expansion of the Tibet Museum. Thirty-five villages have been added to the list of Traditional Chinese Villages, and central government funding of RMB69 million has been used to protect elements of agricultural civilization and cultural heritage and to improve the living environment of farmers and herdsmen.

國(guó)家重視支持藏醫(yī)藥的傳承發(fā)展。建立西藏藏醫(yī)藥大學(xué)，培養(yǎng)了7000余名藏醫(yī)藥專(zhuān)業(yè)人才。規(guī)范藏醫(yī)診療標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，目前西藏公立藏醫(yī)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)達(dá)44所，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院和村衛(wèi)生室藏醫(yī)藥服務(wù)覆蓋率分別達(dá)到94.4%和42.4%。藏藥生產(chǎn)邁向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)范化、規(guī)?；墓I(yè)化生產(chǎn)，藏醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè)體系基本形成。西藏已有17家藏藥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)通過(guò)國(guó)家GMP認(rèn)證，擁有311個(gè)藏藥國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字號(hào)。啟動(dòng)民族醫(yī)藥古籍文獻(xiàn)整理項(xiàng)目，截至2020年，已完成145部藏醫(yī)藥、天文歷算的古籍整理與出版發(fā)行。國(guó)家已先后整理出版300多部藏醫(yī)藥古籍文獻(xiàn)，收集珍貴古籍文本600多卷。
The state makes a point of supporting the inheritance and development of Tibetan medicine. It established the University of Tibetan Medicine, which has trained more than 7,000 professionals in this field. It has standardized the diagnosis and treatment of Tibetan medicine. There are 44 public Tibetan medical institutions in Tibet, and about 94 percent of township health centers and 42 percent of village health clinics provide Tibetan medicine services. Industrial production of Tibetan medicine has been scaled up and standardized, and a basic Tibetan medicine industry chain has taken shape. Seventeen Tibetan medicine manufacturers in Tibet have passed GMP certification, and 311 Tibetan drugs have been approved by the state. The state has launched a project to collate ancient books on ethnic medicine. By 2020, 145 ancient books on Tibetan medicine, astronomy and calendars had been collated, published and distributed. Over the years, the state has compiled and published more than 300 ancient books on Tibetan medicine, and collected more than 600 volumes of rare ancient books.

2006年以來(lái)，中央財(cái)政累計(jì)投入2.09億元，用于西藏國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表性項(xiàng)目的保護(hù)、國(guó)家級(jí)代表性傳承人的搶救性記錄、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)傳承人群培訓(xùn)以及扶持傳承人開(kāi)展傳習(xí)活動(dòng)、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)利用項(xiàng)目基地建設(shè)等。目前，西藏有聯(lián)合國(guó)人類(lèi)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作3項(xiàng)（格薩〈斯〉爾、藏戲、藏醫(yī)藥浴法）；國(guó)家級(jí)代表性項(xiàng)目89項(xiàng)，國(guó)家級(jí)代表性傳承人96名，自治區(qū)級(jí)代表性項(xiàng)目460項(xiàng)，自治區(qū)級(jí)代表性傳承人522名。
Since 2006, the state has invested a total of RMB209 million in Tibet in the following areas – protecting intangible cultural heritage (ICH) items on the national representative list, taking steps to record and conserve the knowledge and skills of the bearers of the ICH items on the national list, training ICH practitioners, and assisting them to set up sites for the protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage and pass on their skills. Tibet now has three items (Gesar, Tibetan opera and Lum medicinal bathing of Sowa Rigpa) included on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List. There are 89 items on the national ICH list with 96 state-level representative bearers, 460 items on the regional list with 522 regional-level representative bearers.

七、民族宗教工作成效顯著
VII. Remarkable Results in Ethnic and Religious Work

國(guó)家制定一系列方針政策，全面落實(shí)民族區(qū)域自治制度，依法保護(hù)正常宗教活動(dòng)，促進(jìn)各民族共同團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗、共同繁榮發(fā)展。
The state formulates guidelines and policies to fully implement the system of regional ethnic autonomy, protect normal religious activities in accordance with the law, and promote the unity and common prosperity of all ethnic groups.

——民族區(qū)域自治制度全面實(shí)施
– The system of regional ethnic autonomy has been fully implemented.

民族區(qū)域自治制度是國(guó)家一項(xiàng)基本政治制度。1965年，西藏自治區(qū)成立，選舉產(chǎn)生自治區(qū)人民委員會(huì)，民族區(qū)域自治制度在西藏全面實(shí)施。1984年，國(guó)家頒布實(shí)施《中華人民共和國(guó)民族區(qū)域自治法》。經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年探索實(shí)踐，西藏各民族人民構(gòu)建起平等團(tuán)結(jié)互助和諧的社會(huì)主義民族關(guān)系。
The system of regional ethnic autonomy is a basic political system of the state. In 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was founded and its People's Committee was elected. Since then, the system of regional ethnic autonomy has been fully implemented in Tibet. In 1984, the central government promulgated and implemented the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy of the People's Republic of China. After decades of experimentation and practical work, people of all ethnic groups in Tibet have built ethnic relationships characterized by equality, unity, mutual support and harmony.

西藏人民依法享有當(dāng)家作主權(quán)利。自治區(qū)成立以來(lái)，先后出臺(tái)152部地方性法規(guī)和規(guī)范性文件，為維護(hù)各族人民的各項(xiàng)權(quán)益提供了重要法治保障。西藏各族人民積極行使憲法和法律所賦予的選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)，參加全國(guó)和自治區(qū)各級(jí)人大代表選舉，參與管理國(guó)家和地方事務(wù)。1979年以來(lái)，先后進(jìn)行多次自治區(qū)、地（市）、縣、鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）四級(jí)換屆選舉，選民參選率都在90%以上，有些地方參選率達(dá)到100%。2018年1月18日公布的西藏自治區(qū)第十一屆人民代表大會(huì)439名代表中，藏族和其他少數(shù)民族代表共289人，占65.83%。中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議西藏委員會(huì)歷屆委員中的絕大多數(shù)是藏族和其他少數(shù)民族人士。堅(jiān)持各民族平等參與、共同管理原則，在人口較少民族聚居區(qū)設(shè)立民族鄉(xiāng)保障人口較少民族的權(quán)益。目前在山南、林芝、昌都三市人口較少民族聚居區(qū)共設(shè)立9個(gè)民族鄉(xiāng)，其中門(mén)巴民族鄉(xiāng)5個(gè)、珞巴民族鄉(xiāng)3個(gè)、納西民族鄉(xiāng)1個(gè)。
People in Tibet enjoy the right to be masters of the country and the region in accordance with the law. Since its founding, the autonomous region has issued 152 local regulations and normative documents, providing an important legal guarantee for the rights and interests of all ethnic groups. People in Tibet actively exercise the right to vote and stand for election as prescribed by the Constitution and laws; they participate in the election of deputies to people's congresses at the national and local levels, and in the administration of state and local affairs. Since 1979, elections have been held at the regional, prefectural (city), county and township (town) levels, with the voter participation rate above 90 percent, and in some places as high as 100 percent. Of the 439 deputies to the 11th People's Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region announced on January 18, 2018, 289 – almost exactly two-thirds – are from the Tibetan and other ethnic minorities. Most of the current and previous members of the Tibetan Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference are or were Tibetan and other ethnic minorities. The state supports equal participation and joint management by all ethnic groups, and sets up ethnic townships in areas where ethnic groups with small populations live in compact communities, to protect the rights and interests of these groups. At present, nine ethnic townships have been set up in Shannan, Nyingchi and Qamdo, of which five are Monba townships, three are Lhoba townships and one is a Naxi township.

國(guó)家歷來(lái)重視少數(shù)民族干部和人才培養(yǎng)。和平解放后，特別是民主改革過(guò)程中，大批農(nóng)奴和奴隸出身的積極分子迅速成長(zhǎng)，成為優(yōu)秀的民族干部。1981年，西藏專(zhuān)門(mén)設(shè)立培養(yǎng)教育民族干部的機(jī)構(gòu)，1989年，成立干部教育工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，通過(guò)培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí)、基層鍛煉、異地交流、崗位輪換等多種形式，培養(yǎng)了大批少數(shù)民族行政和專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)干部。
The state pays great attention to the training of officials and personnel from minority ethnic groups. After the liberation of Tibet, especially during democratic reform, a large number of liberated serfs and slaves grew rapidly into outstanding officials. By setting up a special institution to train and educate ethnic minority officials in 1981, and a leading group for official education in 1989, Tibet has cultivated a large number of administrative and technical ethnic minority officials through training, job rotation, providing work opportunities at the grass-roots, and arranging for leading officials to hold posts in different localities.

——中華民族共同體意識(shí)更加牢固
– The sense of national identity has been heightened.

西藏自古以來(lái)就有各民族交往交流交融的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。早在西藏和平解放之初，就有大批各族各界人士到其他省市參觀考察。改革開(kāi)放后，各民族間的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化交流更加緊密，中華民族共同體意識(shí)更加牢固。每年在國(guó)慶節(jié)、西藏和平解放、“民族團(tuán)結(jié)月”等節(jié)慶節(jié)點(diǎn)，大力開(kāi)展中國(guó)夢(mèng)主題教育、愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育，民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步事業(yè)得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。目前，國(guó)務(wù)院、西藏自治區(qū)表彰的民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步先進(jìn)單位共有1985個(gè)（次）、先進(jìn)個(gè)人2846人（次），拉薩、日喀則、昌都、阿里先后成為全國(guó)民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步示范市（地）。截至2020年，西藏頒布實(shí)施關(guān)于民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步模范區(qū)創(chuàng)建條例等地方性法規(guī)1部、規(guī)范性文件4個(gè)。西藏籍學(xué)生和勞動(dòng)者到其他省市就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)，每年約有10%以上的西藏籍大學(xué)生選擇區(qū)外就業(yè)。鼓勵(lì)其他省市人員在藏求學(xué)投資興業(yè)，不斷創(chuàng)新招商引資舉措，2016年以來(lái)出臺(tái)涉及稅收、金融、土地等52條特殊優(yōu)惠政策，有效提高行政審批效率和服務(wù)質(zhì)量，招商引資到位資金達(dá)2535億元。積極打造各民族互嵌式社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和社區(qū)環(huán)境，大力促進(jìn)公共服務(wù)均等化，保障城市和散居地區(qū)少數(shù)民族合法權(quán)益，尊重他們?cè)诠?jié)慶、飲食、喪葬等方面的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。
Tibet has had a fine tradition of exchanges, communication, and integration among ethnic groups since ancient times. In the early 1950s, a large number of people from various ethnic groups and sectors in Tibet visited other parts of China. Since reform and opening up in 1978, economic and cultural exchanges between ethnic groups have become closer and the sense of national identity has grown stronger. Every year on National Day, and during the Peaceful Liberation Celebration and the Ethnic Unity Month, Tibet conducts themed education on the Chinese Dream and patriotism. Thanks to these efforts, ethnic unity and progress have been promoted. To date the State Council and the Tibet Autonomous Region have presented 1,985 awards to exemplary organizations and 2,846 awards to exemplary individuals for ethnic unity and progress. Lhasa, Xigaze, Qamdo and Ngari have each become demonstration cities (prefectures) for ethnic unity and progress. By the end of 2020, Tibet had promulgated and implemented one regulation – Regulations on the Establishment of Model Areas for Ethnic Unity and Progress – and four normative documents on ethnic unity and progress. Tibetan students and workers are free to find jobs and start businesses anywhere in the rest of China. Every year, more than 10 percent of Tibetan college students take jobs outside the autonomous region.

The autonomous region encourages people from other parts of China to study, invest and start businesses in Tibet, and constantly creates innovative new measures to attract investment. Since 2016, the region has issued 52 special preferential policies related to taxation, finance, and land, which have effectively improved the efficiency of administrative examination and approval and the quality of services. As a result, a total of RMB253.5 billion has been in place. The region has also worked hard to create an integrated social structure and community environment for all ethnic groups, promote equal access to public services, protect the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities living in cities and scattered residential areas, and respect their festive, food and funeral customs and traditions.

——宗教信仰自由得到充分保障
– Freedom of religious belief is fully protected.

在西藏，各宗教、各教派一律平等，信教和不信教群眾一視同仁?，F(xiàn)有藏傳佛教宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所1700多處，僧尼約4.6萬(wàn)人，清真寺4座，世居穆斯林群眾12000余人，天主教堂1座，信徒700余人。為堅(jiān)持我國(guó)宗教中國(guó)化方向，切實(shí)保障宗教信仰自由與秩序，依法管理宗教事務(wù)，依照《宗教事務(wù)條例》制定《藏傳佛教活佛轉(zhuǎn)世管理辦法》，并制定《西藏自治區(qū)實(shí)施〈宗教事務(wù)條例〉辦法（試行）》《西藏自治區(qū)大型宗教活動(dòng)管理辦法》《西藏自治區(qū)藏傳佛教活佛轉(zhuǎn)世管理辦法實(shí)施細(xì)則》等一系列政策措施和規(guī)范性文件。
In Tibet, all religions and sects are equal, as are all believers and non-believers. There are more than 1,700 sites for Tibetan Buddhist activities with 46,000 monks and nuns, 4 mosques serving 12,000 native Muslims, and a Catholic church with more than 700 followers. In order to adapt religions to the Chinese context, ensure the freedom and order of religious belief, and manage religious affairs in accordance with the law, the state has formulated the Measures on the Management of the Reincarnation of Living Buddhas of Tibetan Buddhism in accordance with the Regulations on Religious Affairs. It has also formulated a series of policies, measures and regulatory documents, which include Measures of the Tibet Autonomous Region on Implementing the Regulations on Religious Affairs (trial), Measures of the Tibet Autonomous Region on the Management of Major Religious Activities, and Detailed Rules of the Tibet Autonomous Region for the Implementation of the Measures on the Management of Living Buddha Reincarnation of Tibetan Buddhism.

按照法規(guī)規(guī)章、宗教儀軌和歷史定制，有序開(kāi)展活佛轉(zhuǎn)世認(rèn)定。1995年，通過(guò)金瓶掣簽，經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，完成十世班禪轉(zhuǎn)世靈童尋訪、認(rèn)定以及十一世班禪坐床工作。2010年，經(jīng)金瓶掣簽，報(bào)西藏自治區(qū)人民政府批準(zhǔn)，完成六世德珠活佛的認(rèn)定和坐床工作。截至2020年，已有92位新轉(zhuǎn)世活佛嚴(yán)格按照宗教儀軌和歷史定制，得到批準(zhǔn)和認(rèn)定。依法開(kāi)展正常宗教活動(dòng)，寺廟學(xué)經(jīng)、辯經(jīng)、受戒、灌頂、修行等傳統(tǒng)宗教活動(dòng)和寺廟學(xué)經(jīng)考核晉升學(xué)位活動(dòng)正常進(jìn)行。
The reincarnation of Living Buddhas has been carried out in an orderly manner in accordance with laws, regulations, religious rituals and historical conventions. In 1995, with the approval of the State Council, the search for and identification of the reincarnation of the 10th Panchen Lama and the enthronement of the 11th Panchen Lama were completed by drawing lots from a golden urn. In 2010, the Sixth Living Buddha Dezhub was identified and enthroned through the drawing of lots from a golden urn and with the approval of the government of the Tibet Autonomous Region. By 2020, 92 reincarnated Living Buddhas had been identified and approved through traditional religious rituals and historical conventions. Traditional religious activities are carried out regularly in accordance with the law – activities such as studying scriptures and debate, initiation as a monk or nun, abhisheka (an empowerment ceremony), and self-cultivation. Examination on scriptures and subsequent promotion in academic degrees are also held in monasteries on a regular basis.

西藏佛學(xué)院及其10所分院現(xiàn)有學(xué)經(jīng)僧尼3000余人，2005年到2020年共有240人獲得藏傳佛教最高學(xué)銜“拓然巴”。寺廟傳統(tǒng)印經(jīng)院得到保留和發(fā)展，現(xiàn)有布達(dá)拉宮印經(jīng)院等規(guī)模性傳統(tǒng)印經(jīng)院3家。信教群眾正常參加薩噶達(dá)瓦節(jié)、拉薩祈愿大法會(huì)、馬年轉(zhuǎn)岡底斯山、羊年轉(zhuǎn)納木錯(cuò)等各種各樣的宗教和傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)。當(dāng)前各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)、政治協(xié)商會(huì)議中，有600余名宗教界人士擔(dān)任代表、委員。
The Tibetan Buddhist Institute and its 10 branches now have more than 3,000 monks and nuns who are studying the sutras, and 240 received senior academic titles between 2005 and 2020. Monastery-run scripture printing houses have been conserved and developed; there are three large-scale printing houses at the Potala Palace and other monasteries. Religious believers regularly participate in various religious and traditional activities such as the Saga Dawa Festival, the Monlam Prayer Festival in Lhasa, the Tour of Gangdise Mountains in the Year of the Horse, and the Tour of Lake Namtso in the Year of the Sheep. Currently more than 600 religious figures serve as deputies or members of people's congresses and political consultative conferences at various levels.