作業(yè)管理 homework management

教育部近日印發(fā)《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)義務(wù)教育學(xué)校作業(yè)管理的通知》，提出“十條要求”。

Primary schools should ensure that students in the first and second grades do not have written homework. Those in higher grades should complete their homework within one hour, the circular said.
通知要求，小學(xué)一二年級(jí)不布置書(shū)面家庭作業(yè)，小學(xué)其他年級(jí)每天書(shū)面作業(yè)完成時(shí)間平均不超過(guò)60分鐘。

【單詞講解】

Grade在學(xué)校的語(yǔ)境中除了表示“年級(jí)”以外，還可以表示“成績(jī)、分?jǐn)?shù)”（名詞）或者“評(píng)判、批改”（動(dòng)詞）等意思，比如：What was your grade on the math test?（你數(shù)學(xué)考試考了多少分）；Mrs. Smith would be the one grading their spelling tests and their reading tests.（他們拼寫測(cè)驗(yàn)和閱讀測(cè)驗(yàn)的閱卷老師是史密斯夫人）。

The average amount of time junior high school students spend on written homework every day should be less than 90 minutes, according to the circular.
初中每天書(shū)面作業(yè)完成時(shí)間平均不超過(guò)90分鐘。

通知提出的其他要求包括：

Schools are required to adjust the form and content of homework in accordance with the traits of different schooling stages and subjects, as well as the needs and abilities of students.
學(xué)校要根據(jù)學(xué)段、學(xué)科特點(diǎn)及學(xué)生實(shí)際需要和完成能力，合理布置不同類型的作業(yè)。

Teachers should not give homework to parents, directly or indirectly, or ask parents to grade homework.
嚴(yán)禁給家長(zhǎng)布置或變相布置作業(yè)，嚴(yán)禁要求家長(zhǎng)批改作業(yè)。

After-school training institutions are prohibited from giving any homework to primary and secondary school students, the circular said.
嚴(yán)禁校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)給中小學(xué)生留作業(yè)。

【單詞講解】

這里用primary and secondary school表示“中小學(xué)”，具體來(lái)說(shuō)，primary school通常指代“小學(xué)”，也可以用elementary school來(lái)替換，而secondary school指“介于小學(xué)和大學(xué)之間的教育機(jī)構(gòu)”，即“中學(xué)”，是各類中等教育學(xué)校的統(tǒng)稱，既包括普通的初高中，也包括職高、技校等教育機(jī)構(gòu)。我們更加熟悉的middle school在英語(yǔ)國(guó)家通常指“五年級(jí)（或六年級(jí)）到八年級(jí)的學(xué)?！?，即“初中”。

Teachers should make full use of classroom time and after-school services to make sure primary school students can basically finish all work at school and that junior high school students can complete most of it, it said.
教師要充分利用課堂教學(xué)時(shí)間和課后服務(wù)時(shí)間加強(qiáng)學(xué)生作業(yè)指導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)小學(xué)生基本在校內(nèi)完成書(shū)面作業(yè)，初中學(xué)生在校內(nèi)完成大部分書(shū)面作業(yè)。

【詞匯講解】

這里出現(xiàn)了“初中”的另一種說(shuō)法junior high school，這個(gè)表達(dá)多見(jiàn)于美國(guó)，一般指七年級(jí)到九年級(jí)這個(gè)學(xué)段，也就相當(dāng)于咱們所說(shuō)的“初中”，后續(xù)的“高中”用senior high school表達(dá)。

The difficulty of the homework should not exceed national curriculum standards, and there should be no repetitive or punitive homework.
作業(yè)難度不得超過(guò)國(guó)家課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。嚴(yán)禁布置重復(fù)性、懲罰性作業(yè)。

加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康管理

此外，教育部近日還印發(fā)了《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康管理工作的通知》，對(duì)加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康管理工作提出了有關(guān)要求。

Schools should open a sufficient number of physical education courses based on requirements of related authorities - four for first and second graders and three for third, fourth, fifth and sixth graders and middle school students - the notice said, adding that the ministry encourages schools to conduct one PE course every day.
中小學(xué)校要嚴(yán)格落實(shí)國(guó)家規(guī)定的體育與健康課程剛性要求，小學(xué)一至二年級(jí)每周4課時(shí)，小學(xué)三至六年級(jí)和初中每周3課時(shí)，有條件的學(xué)校每天開(kāi)設(shè)1節(jié)體育課。

釣魚(yú)島及其附屬島嶼 the Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands

4月26日，自然資源部在官方網(wǎng)站和釣魚(yú)島專題網(wǎng)站發(fā)布其組織編寫的《釣魚(yú)島及其附屬島嶼地形地貌調(diào)查報(bào)告》（a landform survey report on the Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands）。

Based on historical data, the survey obtained new terrain data of the Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands, as well as the terrain data of waters 30 meters or less in depth, using technology such as satellite remote sensing.
該調(diào)查報(bào)告基于長(zhǎng)期的歷史調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，并采用最新高分辨率衛(wèi)星遙感等調(diào)查方式，獲取了釣魚(yú)島及其附屬島嶼的海島和30米以淺區(qū)域最新地形數(shù)據(jù)。

【單詞講解】

英語(yǔ)中表示“島”的詞常見(jiàn)的有island，islet以及isle，注意哦，這三個(gè)單詞里面的字母s都不發(fā)音，分別讀作['a?l?nd]，['a?l?t]以及[a?l]。其中，isle跟island意思相同，均表示四周都被水包圍的一片陸地，只不過(guò)isle多用于詩(shī)歌以及島嶼的名稱，比如，the British Isles（不列顛群島）；islet指比較小的島（a small island）。

The report also made large-scale topographical thematic maps of the Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands, improving basic geographic data of the area.
報(bào)告編制了最新大比例尺海島地形地貌專題圖，進(jìn)一步完善了釣魚(yú)島及其附屬島嶼的基礎(chǔ)地理數(shù)據(jù)體系。

【單詞講解】

“附屬島嶼”affiliated islands中的affiliated這個(gè)詞來(lái)自于動(dòng)詞和名詞一體的affiliate，表示“使...隸屬，與...有關(guān)”或者“分支機(jī)構(gòu)、附屬機(jī)構(gòu)”等，常用的搭配是affiliate(ed) to，比如：Our college is an affiliate to the university（我們學(xué)院是隸屬于那所大學(xué)的），Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University（復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬華山醫(yī)院）。

The survey is of great significance to the resource management and ecological environment protection of the Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands, according to the report.
該調(diào)查對(duì)開(kāi)展釣魚(yú)島及其附屬島嶼的資源管理與生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)具有重要意義。

釣魚(yú)島及其附屬島嶼是中國(guó)固有領(lǐng)土

近日，日本防衛(wèi)大臣岸信夫在自民黨議員會(huì)議上談及中方在釣魚(yú)島周邊活動(dòng)時(shí)稱，中國(guó)正以不起眼的方式一步步進(jìn)行侵略。

對(duì)此，外交部發(fā)言人趙立堅(jiān)回應(yīng)稱：

These remarks are completely reckless and highly irresponsible. With such person misleading the public opinion, how can the Japanese people view China's development in an objective and rational way and build up confidence in China-Japan relations? I want to stress some points as follows.
這種言論完全是信口開(kāi)河，極其不負(fù)責(zé)任。有這種人當(dāng)?shù)?，誤導(dǎo)輿論，日本老百姓怎么能客觀理性地看待中國(guó)發(fā)展，怎么能對(duì)中日關(guān)系樹(shù)立信心？在此，我愿強(qiáng)調(diào)以下幾點(diǎn)：

First, China always adheres to the path of peaceful development and firmly pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. In his speech at the opening ceremony of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2021, President Xi reiterated that China will continue to be a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development and a defender of the international order. However strong it may grow, China will never seek hegemony, expansion, or a sphere of influence. Nor will China ever engage in an arms race. And I tell the Japanese side now, stop talking nonsense about China's development and misleading the public.
第一，中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)持走和平發(fā)展道路，堅(jiān)定奉行防御性國(guó)防政策。習(xí)近平主席在博鰲亞洲論壇2021年年會(huì)開(kāi)幕式演講中再次重申，中國(guó)將繼續(xù)做世界和平的建設(shè)者，全球發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)者，國(guó)際秩序的維護(hù)者。中國(guó)無(wú)論發(fā)展到什么程度，永遠(yuǎn)不稱霸、不擴(kuò)張、不謀求勢(shì)力范圍、不搞軍備競(jìng)賽。日方應(yīng)該好好聽(tīng)清楚，不要再就中國(guó)發(fā)展胡言亂語(yǔ)、誤導(dǎo)公眾。

Second, the Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands are China's inherent territory. China's patrol and law enforcement in waters off the Diaoyu Island is an exercise of its inherent rights. The Taiwan question is purely China's internal affair. China will never allow any country to interfere in any way. Some Japanese people's erroneous words related to Taiwan fully expose their sinister thinking that they do not want to see China's peaceful reunification and will do everything possible to obstruct that great cause. China must and will be reunified. The Japanese side should never harbor any illusion with ulterior motives.　　
第二，釣魚(yú)島及其附屬島嶼是中國(guó)固有領(lǐng)土。中方在釣魚(yú)島海域巡航執(zhí)法是行使本國(guó)固有權(quán)利。臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題純屬中國(guó)內(nèi)部事務(wù)，中方絕不容許任何國(guó)家以任何方式插手干預(yù)。日方一些人發(fā)表涉臺(tái)錯(cuò)誤言論，充分暴露他們不愿看到并千方百計(jì)企圖阻撓中國(guó)和平統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的陰暗心理。中國(guó)必須統(tǒng)一，也必然統(tǒng)一。對(duì)此日方不要有非分之想。

Third, in more recent history, Japan's act of aggression and expansion in Asia has brought untold suffering to the people of the victimized countries, including China. To this day, however, Japan is still reluctant to honestly face up to and repent its history of aggression, but has staged political farces, one after another, to deny and whitewash this part of history. Certain Japanese politicians wantonly smear China while turning a blind eye to its deplorable records of aggression. The world should be on high alert as to their real intention. We urge Japan to reflect on itself, immediately stop slinging mud at China and refrain from going further down the wrong path.　　
第三，日本近代在亞洲四處侵略擴(kuò)張，給包括中國(guó)在內(nèi)的廣大受害國(guó)人民帶來(lái)深重災(zāi)難。但直到今天日方仍不愿誠(chéng)實(shí)正視、反省侵略歷史，不時(shí)上演一幕幕否認(rèn)、美化侵略歷史的政治鬧劇。日方個(gè)別政客無(wú)視自身斑斑劣跡，卻大肆污蔑中國(guó)。他們究竟意欲何為，值得世人高度警惕。奉勸日方反躬自省，立即停止對(duì)中國(guó)造謠中傷，不要在錯(cuò)誤的道路上越走越遠(yuǎn)。

直播帶貨 livestreaming marketing

國(guó)家網(wǎng)信辦、公安部、商務(wù)部、文化和旅游部、國(guó)家稅務(wù)總局、國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局、國(guó)家廣播電視總局等七部門近日聯(lián)合發(fā)布《網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播營(yíng)銷管理辦法（試行）》，將網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播營(yíng)銷“臺(tái)前幕后”各類主體、“線上線下”各項(xiàng)要素納入監(jiān)管范圍。

It makes clear that individuals engaged in livestreaming marketing or operations should be aged 16 or above, and a blacklist system should be established to block anyone, including account holders and live streamers, who seriously violate the regulations.
辦法明確，直播營(yíng)銷人員或者直播間運(yùn)營(yíng)者為自然人的，應(yīng)當(dāng)年滿十六周歲；直播營(yíng)銷平臺(tái)應(yīng)當(dāng)建立黑名單制度，將嚴(yán)重違法違規(guī)的直播營(yíng)銷人員列入黑名單。

【單詞講解】

Livestreaming是live（讀作 /laiv/）和streaming兩個(gè)詞的合成形式，這里的live是形容詞，表示“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的”，比如我們看春節(jié)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候，主持人就會(huì)說(shuō)，這里是春晚直播現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，We are here at the live broadcast of the Spring Festival Gala；streaming最初被翻譯成“流媒體”，其實(shí)就是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上播放音頻或者視頻文件，比如在線平臺(tái)網(wǎng)飛（Netflix）就是一個(gè)TV and movie streaming platform（影視劇在線播放平臺(tái)），而stream用作動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，也可以用來(lái)表達(dá)“在線播放”，比如：Millions of videos are streamed every day on Youtube.（油管上每天播放的視頻有數(shù)百萬(wàn)個(gè)）。那么把live和streaming結(jié)合在一起，就是在線播放現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的音頻或視頻，簡(jiǎn)而言之就是“直播”。Marketing在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域一般表示“市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷”，比如很多公司都有的職位：marketing consultant（市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷顧問(wèn)），marketing manager（市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷經(jīng)理）等。由此，livestreaming marketing就是通過(guò)livestreaming（直播）的形式來(lái)進(jìn)行某種商品的marketing（市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷），也就是我們所說(shuō)的“直播帶貨”了。

辦法明確，直播營(yíng)銷平臺(tái)（livestreaming marketing platforms），是指在網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播營(yíng)銷中提供直播服務(wù)的各類平臺(tái)，包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)直播服務(wù)平臺(tái)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)音視頻服務(wù)平臺(tái)、電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)等。

Platforms will need to hire professional moderators to “maintain the safety of livestreaming content”, according to the regulation.
直播營(yíng)銷平臺(tái)應(yīng)當(dāng)配備直播內(nèi)容管理專業(yè)人員，維護(hù)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)直播內(nèi)容安全。

Livestreamers are required to provide their real names and social credit codes to service providers. Platforms, in turn, must verify the information, submit them to local authorities, and deny services to any livestreamers whose data does not match their real identity or who is blacklisted in the industry.
直播人員應(yīng)提供真實(shí)姓名及社會(huì)信用代碼。直播營(yíng)銷平臺(tái)應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)這些真實(shí)身份信息認(rèn)證，并依法依規(guī)向有關(guān)部門報(bào)送；對(duì)與真實(shí)身份信息不符或按照國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定不得從事網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播發(fā)布的，不得為其提供直播發(fā)布服務(wù)。

The regulation stipulates that people engaged in livestreaming marketing must provide true, accurate and all necessary information about the products. No content that could mislead or defraud consumers is allowed.
從事網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)的人員，應(yīng)當(dāng)真實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、全面地發(fā)布商品或服務(wù)信息，不得發(fā)布虛假或者引人誤解的信息，欺騙、誤導(dǎo)用戶。

It also prohibits activities such as selling counterfeit goods, infringing upon intellectual property rights, falsifying online views and tampering with transaction figures.
不得營(yíng)銷假冒偽劣、侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的商品，不得虛構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)流量、篡改交易數(shù)據(jù)。

Account holders and livestreamers should respond to reasonable requests from consumers in a timely manner.
直播間運(yùn)營(yíng)者、直播營(yíng)銷人員應(yīng)該及時(shí)對(duì)消費(fèi)者提出的合法合理要求做出回應(yīng)。

核心艙 core module

4月29日11時(shí)23分，搭載著“天和”核心艙的長(zhǎng)征五號(hào)B遙二火箭在海南文昌航天發(fā)射場(chǎng)點(diǎn)火升空。

The core module, Tianhe, has a total length of 16.6 meters, a maximum diameter of 4.2 meters and a takeoff mass of 22.5 tonnes, and is the largest spacecraft developed by China.
天和核心艙長(zhǎng)度16.6米，最大直徑4.2米，發(fā)射質(zhì)量22.5噸，是中國(guó)研發(fā)的最大的飛行器。

The module is equipped with three docking hatches reserved for visiting manned or cargo spacecraft and two berthing locations used to connect with space laboratories. There is also a hatch for astronauts' extravehicular activities.
核心艙有3個(gè)對(duì)接口和2個(gè)停泊口。對(duì)接口用于載人飛船、貨運(yùn)飛船等飛行器訪問(wèn)空間站，停泊口用于兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)艙與核心艙連接，另有一個(gè)出艙口供航天員出艙活動(dòng)。

核心艙主要用于空間站的統(tǒng)一控制和管理（control and management of the space station），以及航天員生活，具備長(zhǎng)期自主飛行能力（capability of long-term autonomous flight），能夠支持航天員長(zhǎng)期駐留，支持開(kāi)展航天醫(yī)學(xué)和空間科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)（hosting space medical and scientific experiments）。

The space station will be a T shape with the core module at the center and a lab capsule on each side. Each module will be over 20 tonnes. When the station docks with both manned and cargo spacecraft, its weight could reach nearly 100 tonnes.
中國(guó)空間站整體呈T字構(gòu)型，核心艙在中間，兩邊各有一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)艙，每個(gè)艙段規(guī)模20噸級(jí)?？臻g站同時(shí)與載人飛船和貨運(yùn)飛船對(duì)接時(shí)，重量可達(dá)到近100噸。

The station will operate in the low-Earth orbit at an altitude from 340 km to 450 km. It has a designed lifespan of 10 years, but experts believe it could last more than 15 years with appropriate maintenance and repairs.
空間站將在高度340至450公里的近地軌道運(yùn)行，設(shè)計(jì)在軌飛行時(shí)間可達(dá)10年以上。專家表示，如果妥善維護(hù)，空間站的在軌飛行時(shí)間有可能超過(guò)15年。

中國(guó)載人航天“三步走”戰(zhàn)略

1992年9月，中國(guó)實(shí)施載人航天工程并確定中國(guó)載人航天“三步走”的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略（three-step manned space program）：

第一步，發(fā)射載人飛船（manned spaceship），建成初步配套的試驗(yàn)性載人飛船工程，開(kāi)展空間應(yīng)用實(shí)驗(yàn)。2013年神舟5號(hào)載人飛船任務(wù)順利完成。

第二步，突破航天員出艙活動(dòng)技術(shù)（extra-vehicular activity）、空間飛行器的交會(huì)對(duì)接技術(shù)（rendezvous and docking），發(fā)射空間實(shí)驗(yàn)室（space lab），解決有一定規(guī)模的、短期有人照料的空間應(yīng)用問(wèn)題。

第三步，建造空間站，解決有較大規(guī)模的、長(zhǎng)期有人照料的空間應(yīng)用問(wèn)題（operate a permanent manned space station）。

2017年4月20日19時(shí)41分，天舟一號(hào)貨運(yùn)飛船（cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-1）成功發(fā)射。此次任務(wù)是中國(guó)載人航天工程空間實(shí)驗(yàn)室階段（space laboratory stage of China manned space engineering）的收官之戰(zhàn)，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)載人航天工程勝利完成“三步走”戰(zhàn)略中的“第二步”任務(wù)，為空間站建設(shè)任務(wù)奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。

2021年4月29日，我國(guó)用長(zhǎng)征五號(hào)乙運(yùn)載火箭（Long March 5B heavy-lift rocket）將核心艙發(fā)射進(jìn)入軌道。

今明兩年總體的發(fā)射任務(wù)將達(dá)到11次，其中包括3次空間站艙段發(fā)射、4次天舟貨運(yùn)飛船（cargo spaceship）發(fā)射、4次神舟載人飛船（manned spaceship）發(fā)射。

2022年前后，我國(guó)空間站有望完成組裝，開(kāi)始全面運(yùn)行（fully operational）。

反食品浪費(fèi)法 anti-food waste law

4月29日，十三屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第二十八次會(huì)議表決通過(guò)了反食品浪費(fèi)法，自公布之日起施行。

Under the newly enacted law, catering service providers could face a fine ranging from 1,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan if they encourage or mislead consumers into ordering excessive quantities of food which causes waste, and refuse to rectify the problem after being warned by market supervision departments.
該法規(guī)定，餐飲服務(wù)提供者誘導(dǎo)、誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者超量點(diǎn)餐造成明顯浪費(fèi)的，由市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理部門給予警告，拒不改正的，處一千元以上一萬(wàn)元以下罰款。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

該法所稱食品浪費(fèi)（food waste），是指對(duì)可安全食用或者飲用的食品未能按照其功能目的合理利用（failure to consume food that is safe to eat or drink in the way it is supposed to be consumed），包括廢棄、因不合理利用導(dǎo)致食品數(shù)量減少或者質(zhì)量下降等。

反食品浪費(fèi)法的其他規(guī)定還包括：

Catering arrangements for work-related events should be based on the actual circumstances and all the details such as amount of dishes and way of dining should follow the principle of frugality and not go beyond the standard thereof.
公務(wù)活動(dòng)需要安排用餐的，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，節(jié)儉安排用餐數(shù)量、形式，不得超過(guò)規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Catering service providers can reward customers who eat everything they order.
餐飲服務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者可以對(duì)參與“光盤行動(dòng)”的消費(fèi)者給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

Catering service providers could charge customers who leave excessive amount of leftovers a disposal fee, but rates for the charge must be clearly advertised.
餐飲服務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者可以對(duì)造成明顯浪費(fèi)的消費(fèi)者收取處理廚余垃圾的相應(yīng)費(fèi)用，收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)當(dāng)明示。

【單詞講解】

這里的leftover用作名詞，表示“剩飯菜”，如果用形容詞形式來(lái)表示就是leftover food。其實(shí)leftover這個(gè)詞來(lái)源于動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)leave over，表示“遺留，留下（以后再用）”，比如：leave this pie over for tomorrow（這個(gè)派留著明天吃），換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就是we can have the pie left over from yesterday（我們可以吃昨天剩下的派）。

The law also clarifies the ban on making or broadcasting programs or videos related to excessive eating, noting that violators who refuse to rectify the problem after being warned by regulatory agencies will be fined from 10,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan.
該法還明確，禁止制作、傳播宣揚(yáng)量大多吃、暴飲暴食等浪費(fèi)食品的節(jié)目或者音視頻信息。違反規(guī)定的，由管理部門責(zé)令整改，給予警告；拒不改正，處一萬(wàn)元以上十萬(wàn)元以下罰款。

糧食安全問(wèn)題不容忽視

China's annual grain output remained above 650 million tonnes for five consecutive years during the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) period, but food waste has been a lingering problem that poses a potential threat to the country's food security.
十三五時(shí)期，我國(guó)糧食產(chǎn)量連續(xù)五年保持在6.5億噸以上，然而，一直存在的食品浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題，威脅到我國(guó)的糧食安全。

【單詞講解】

Food security強(qiáng)調(diào)的是確保人們都能得到維持健康生活所需要的糧食，主要跟糧食的供應(yīng)和人們獲取的渠道有關(guān)，我們稱為“糧食安全”；而food safety強(qiáng)調(diào)的是確保人們吃進(jìn)嘴里的食物在生產(chǎn)、存儲(chǔ)和銷售等環(huán)節(jié)都符合衛(wèi)生健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即“食品安全”。

Approximately 18 billion kg of food is wasted every year in China's urban catering industry, according to a report based on nationwide field research carried out by NPC deputies.
人大代表在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行的實(shí)地調(diào)查顯示，我國(guó)城市餐飲行業(yè)每年大約浪費(fèi)180億公斤食物。

The country also sees over 35 billion kg of grain loss at pre-consumption stages including storage, transportation and processing, the report added.
調(diào)查報(bào)告指出，我國(guó)每年在糧食儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)輸及加工等餐桌外環(huán)節(jié)的糧食損失高達(dá)350億公斤以上。

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）