4月熱詞包括：北京發(fā)布楊柳絮預(yù)報，《人類減貧的中國實踐》白皮書發(fā)布，《未成年人學(xué)校保護(hù)規(guī)定(征求意見稿)》公開征求意見，《你好，李煥英》全球上映，中國女足挺進(jìn)東京奧運會，日本政府決定以海洋排放方式處置福島核電站事故核廢水，博鰲亞洲論壇2021年年會舉行，美國前白人警察德雷克·肖萬被判三項罪名成立，特斯拉車主維權(quán)，我國首輛火星車命名為“祝融”，《網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播營銷管理辦法（試行）》發(fā)布，我國空間站核心艙成功發(fā)射。

楊柳絮 willow and poplar catkins

4月5日，北京市園林綠化局和北京市氣象局聯(lián)合發(fā)布了2021年第一期北京楊柳飛絮預(yù)報。

As the week begins, the capital's downtown and southern parts will see willow and poplar catkins wafting through the air, and the city's northeastern areas will start to face the problem a bit later, between Wednesday and Saturday, according to the forecast.
預(yù)報顯示，自4月5日起，北京中心城區(qū)和南部城區(qū)率先進(jìn)入楊柳飛絮期，城區(qū)東北部稍晚，于4月7日至10日開始飛絮。

【詞匯講解】

Waft這個詞可以用作動詞或名詞，表示“漂浮、飄蕩”或“一股、一陣”等意思，比如：a breeze wafted through the door（一陣清風(fēng)穿門而過），a waft of fragrance（一股幽香）。

按照專家的預(yù)測，今年楊柳飛絮第一次高發(fā)期將出現(xiàn)在4月10日至15日，主要影響五環(huán)內(nèi)城區(qū)，主要飛絮樹種為毛白楊（Chinese white poplar）；第二次高發(fā)期4月下旬至5月上旬，區(qū)域為城區(qū)和平原區(qū)，主要飛絮樹種為歐美楊（Euramerican poplar）、青楊（Cathay poplar）、垂柳（drooping willow）及旱柳（dryland willow）；第三次高發(fā)期5月中旬，主要區(qū)域為山區(qū)，對城區(qū)無明顯影響。

【知識點】

楊柳樹（willow and poplar）屬于雌雄異株，飛絮來自楊柳樹的雌株（"female" willow and poplar trees）。春季雌花序授粉（pollination）后生成一個個小蒴果，發(fā)育成熟的小蒴果逐漸裂開，白色絮狀的絨毛（fuzzy tufts）便攜帶著種子隨風(fēng)飛舞，借風(fēng)力傳播種子，繁衍后代，形成了“楊柳飛絮”（willow and poplar catkins），是植物正常的生理現(xiàn)象。

飛絮漫天飛舞，看上去很美，卻是很大的過敏源（source of allergy）。由于飛毛飛絮質(zhì)地輕，隨風(fēng)飄舞時會帶起地上的臟物、灰塵，從而影響空氣質(zhì)量。同時，飛絮很容易成為病菌攜帶者和傳播者（bacteria carrier and communicator），導(dǎo)致眼鼻喉等產(chǎn)生炎癥和皮膚過敏等。另外，飛絮還是易燃物（flammable），一旦遇到火源，很可能引發(fā)火災(zāi)事故。

The Beijing Gardening and Greening Bureau encourages people to wear masks, sunglasses or shawls to protect themselves during the catkins period.
北京市園林綠化局建議人們在飛絮期間外出時佩戴口罩、墨鏡、紗巾等防護(hù)用品。

People who exercise outdoors should do so in the mornings or evenings, or after rain, when there will be fewer catkins, the bureau said.
進(jìn)行戶外鍛煉等室外活動盡量選擇在早晨、傍晚或雨后等飛絮較輕的時段。

人類減貧的中國實踐 Poverty Alleviation: China's Experience and Contribution

China's State Council Information Office issued a white paper titled "Poverty Alleviation: China's Experience and Contribution" on April 6. The white paper was issued to record the course of the Chinese people's great fight in eliminating extreme poverty, introduce China's approach, and share its experience and actions in poverty alleviation.
國務(wù)院新聞辦公室4月6日發(fā)布《人類減貧的中國實踐》白皮書，記錄中國消除絕對貧困的偉大歷程，介紹人類減貧的中國探索和實踐，分享中國扶貧脫貧的經(jīng)驗做法。

過度包裝 excessive packaging

The State Post Bureau launches a yearlong campaign this month to crack down on excessive packaging and promote more environmentally friendly package wrapping.
國家郵政局于4月份正式啟動為期一年的過度包裝專項治理，推動快遞包裝綠色環(huán)保。

【單詞講解】

Packaging作為“包裝”來講有兩層意思，一層是客觀上的“包裝”，即“把物品裝在盒子里或包裹起來”，比如，gift packaging（禮物包裝）；另一層意思的“包裝”指“某人或某物公開展示的方式（以使其更具吸引力）”，比如，the packaging of ideas, the execution of them, and the media coverage surrounding them, this is public relations（理念的包裝、執(zhí)行以及媒體的相關(guān)報道，這些就是公關(guān)）。

今年3月施行的《郵件快件包裝管理辦法》規(guī)定：

Logistics companies must draw up packaging standards and train couriers to wrap packages accordingly to reduce waste and avoid over-packaging.
物流公司應(yīng)制定包裝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，培訓(xùn)快遞員按規(guī)定進(jìn)行包裝，以減少浪費，避免過度包裝。

Companies can choose green packaging materials from an approved list and establish a standard way to wrap parcels.
企業(yè)可從國家認(rèn)可的清單中選擇綠色包裝材料，建立快件包裝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)流程。

The guideline also requires companies to deliver parcels appropriately, banning behavior such as tossing and stamping on parcels.
辦法要求寄遞企業(yè)規(guī)范操作和文明作業(yè)，避免拋扔、踩踏等行為。

Companies are also being encouraged to use recyclable multiuse boxes to transport and deliver items.
鼓勵企業(yè)使用可循環(huán)多次使用的包裝物來運送和投遞物品。

快遞行業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛，包裝垃圾需重視

The country handled 83 billion parcels last year, a year-on-year increase of 30.8 percent, and is expected to handle 95 billion this year.
2020年，我國處理的包裹數(shù)量達(dá)到830億件，同比增加30.8%。今年的快遞包裹數(shù)量有望達(dá)到950億件。

The growth of the parcel delivery business has made people's lives easier and more convenient, but it has also produced more packaging waste, posing challenges for environmental protection.
快遞業(yè)的發(fā)展讓人們的生活更加便捷，但同時也產(chǎn)生了更多包裝垃圾，對環(huán)境保護(hù)帶來挑戰(zhàn)。

膠帶（tape）、緩沖氣泡袋（cushions）以及塑料袋（plastic bags）等包裝材料的主要成分是聚氯乙烯（polyvinyl chloride），這些材料使用過后一般都被送往垃圾掩埋場（landfills），需要數(shù)百年才能降解，如果對這些材料進(jìn)行燃燒處理，則會產(chǎn)生污染物（pollutants）。

去年，國家郵政局發(fā)展研究中心發(fā)布的《中國郵政快遞業(yè)綠色發(fā)展報告(2019-2020年)》重申，到2025年年底，全國范圍郵政快遞網(wǎng)點禁止使用不可降解的塑料包裝袋、塑料膠帶和一次性塑料編織袋（cease the use of non-degradable plastic packaging, plastic tape, and single-use plastic woven bags）。

未成年人學(xué)校保護(hù) protect minors at schools

教育部近日發(fā)布公告，就《未成年人學(xué)校保護(hù)規(guī)定(征求意見稿)》公開征求意見。

The draft guideline designed to protect minors from sexual harassment, assault and bullying at primary and secondary schools and has asked schools to adopt a zero-tolerance approach to such incidents.
意見稿就預(yù)防學(xué)生在校被欺凌、性侵、侵害等多方面保護(hù)機(jī)制進(jìn)行了明確規(guī)定，要求學(xué)校建立對學(xué)生欺凌、性侵害、性騷擾行為的零容忍處理機(jī)制。

【單詞講解】

Bully這個詞作名詞講的時候就是指“惡霸，仗勢欺人者”，比如：I fell victim to the office bully.（我成了辦公室惡霸的欺凌對象），所以，實施校園欺凌的人就叫school bully。這個詞也可以直接用作動詞，表示“欺凌”，比如：Our survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school（我們調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，四分之一的孩子在學(xué)校遭受過欺凌），bully someone into doing something就是“強(qiáng)迫某人做某事”；而bullying這個動名詞形式則表示“欺凌行為”。

意見稿中有關(guān)特別保護(hù)的規(guī)定還包括：

Teachers should immediately intervene and stop students from bullying others via physical or verbal assaults, giving insulting nicknames, damaging others' property, isolating classmates and spreading rumors, the guideline said.
教職工發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生有身體侵害或言語侵害他人、起侮辱性綽號、故意毀壞他人財物、孤立或散播謠言等行為的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時制止。

They should report instances of bullying to school authorities, who should launch an investigation and punish culprits if allegations are verified.
教職工發(fā)現(xiàn)欺凌行為的應(yīng)當(dāng)及時向?qū)W校報告，學(xué)校接到舉報投訴，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即開展調(diào)查，認(rèn)為可能構(gòu)成欺凌的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時處置。

Schools should not conceal serious bullying incidents and should report them to local police and education authorities.
對違反治安管理或者涉嫌犯罪等嚴(yán)重欺凌行為，學(xué)校不得隱瞞，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時向公安機(jī)關(guān)、教育行政部門報告。

They should conduct rigorous background checks and annual reviews of faculty, volunteers and social workers to determine whether they are fit to work with minors. Education authorities should work with other departments to improve a black list of those banned from being teachers and make the list more accessible.
學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)按照規(guī)定對教職工、志愿者、社工等進(jìn)行入職審查并且每學(xué)年開展核查，以確定其是否適合從事未成年人教育工作。教育行政部門應(yīng)當(dāng)會同有關(guān)部門健全教職工從業(yè)禁止人員名單和查詢機(jī)制。

此外，意見稿還就人身安全、人格權(quán)益、受教育權(quán)等多項權(quán)益保護(hù)作了規(guī)定。

Schools are prohibited from organizing students to participate in emergency rescue, disaster relief, or commercial activities.
學(xué)校不得組織、安排學(xué)生從事?lián)岆U救災(zāi)或者商業(yè)性活動。

Schools should not release test scores or rankings of students, nor should they publicize results of admission to higher-level schools.
學(xué)校不得公開學(xué)生個人的考試成績、名次，不得對外宣傳學(xué)生升學(xué)情況。

Schools pertaining to compulsory education should not deprive students of their right to education by means of long-term suspension or dissuasion, and should not expel students in any way.
義務(wù)教育學(xué)校不得以長期停課、勸退等方式，剝奪學(xué)生受教育權(quán)，不得開除或者變相開除學(xué)生。

【單詞講解】

這里的deprive someone of something是一個常用的固定搭配短語，表示“剝奪某人的...”，被剝奪的東西可以是某種權(quán)益，也可以是接觸或使用某物的機(jī)會，甚至還可以是睡眠、吃飯等基本權(quán)益，比如：The change in her status deprived her of access to classified information（她的地位變化使她喪失了接觸機(jī)密信息的條件）。這個固定搭配經(jīng)常以被動的形式出現(xiàn)，即someone is deprived of something，比如：The children are being deprived of a good education.（孩子們失去了獲得良好教育的機(jī)會。）如果我們說someone is deprived of sleep，意思是說有外界因素使其無法睡覺，并不是他們自己不想睡。美劇中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種疲勞審訊方式就是sleep deprivation（睡眠剝奪）。

Schools should make routine schedules for students in a scientific and reasonable way to ensure tangible opportunity and time for students to participate in recreational activities and physical exercises.
學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)科學(xué)合理安排學(xué)生在校作息時間，保證學(xué)生有休息、參加文娛活動和體育鍛煉的機(jī)會和時間。

Schools should establish a monitoring system for the physical fitness of students. If any indications of malnourishment, myopia and obesity or unfavorable habits that may lead to decline in physical fitness are detected, schools should step in and offer help in time.
學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)建立學(xué)生體質(zhì)監(jiān)測制度，發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生出現(xiàn)營養(yǎng)不良、近視、肥胖等傾向或者有導(dǎo)致體質(zhì)下降的不良行為習(xí)慣，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時進(jìn)行管理、干預(yù)。

全球上映 global release

熱門影片《你好，李煥英》要走出國門了，該片即將在全球范圍內(nèi)上映。

"Hi, Mom," the maiden directorial project of Chinese comedian and actress Jia Ling, is scheduled to hit international theaters on Thursday. The tear-jerker film will be released in North America, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Britain, Spain, Australia, New Zealand, Colombia and several other countries and regions, according to Ruyi Films, one of the producers.
喜劇演員賈玲的導(dǎo)演處女作《你好，李煥英》4月8日起將在全球范圍內(nèi)上映。制片方儒意影業(yè)表示，這部催淚影片將在北美、日本、韓國、英國、西班牙、澳大利亞、新西蘭、哥倫比亞等國家和地區(qū)上映。

【單詞講解】

Maiden這個詞來源于maid，本意指“未婚女子”，用作形容詞時多表示“初次的、首次的”，比如：a ship's maiden voyage（船只首航），the maiden flight of a spacecraft（飛機(jī)首飛）等。

影片在影院全面放映一般叫theatrical release或者general release，用動詞形式表達(dá)就可以用hit theaters/cinemas，但是有些影片在正式全面上映之前會選擇部分城市的部分影院進(jìn)行“點映”（preview），為的是營造口碑，推動票房銷售。

The film has raked in nearly 5.4 billion yuan as of early Tuesday afternoon.
截至4月6日中午，該片已經(jīng)收獲近54億元的票房。

【單詞講解】

Rake本意指“耙子，耙狀工具”等可以用來把地面上的樹葉等輕輕攏到一起的工具，用作動詞的時候就表示“攏到一起”這個動作，比如：rake leaves into a pile（把葉子攏成一堆）。Rake in是一個常用的固定搭配，表示“迅速、大量獲得”，除了上文中出現(xiàn)的rake in+金額以外，也可以說rake in a fortune（暴富）。

It surpassed the 2017 superhero film "Wonder Woman" from Patty Jenkins and became the world's top-grossing film ever from a solo female director, according to the China Movie Data Information Network.
中國電影數(shù)據(jù)信息網(wǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，該片已經(jīng)超過派蒂·杰金斯2017年導(dǎo)演的超級英雄影片《神奇女俠》，成為全球票房最高的女性導(dǎo)演作品。

The film overtook the 2019 animated fantasy "Ne Zha" to become the second highest-grossing film ever screened in China on March 6. The 2017 action-adventure film Wolf Warrior 2 is currently topping the all-time box office chart covering all films ever screened in China with a total revenue of 5.693 billion yuan, according to data compiled by the China Movie Data Information Network.
3月6日，該片超過2019年奇幻動漫電影《哪吒之魔童降世》，成為中國影史票房第二高的電影。目前，位列影史票房冠軍的是2017年的動作冒險影片《戰(zhàn)狼2》，票房成績?yōu)?6.93億元。

疫苗接種 vaccination

國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制4月11日召開新聞發(fā)布會，介紹新冠疫情防控和疫苗接種有關(guān)情況。

China has accelerated COVID-19 vaccine rollouts among priority populations, as well as in key regions and cities, said the National Health Commission spokesman Mi Feng, demanding resolute rectification of compulsory COVID-19 vaccination in some places.
國家衛(wèi)健委發(fā)言人米鋒在發(fā)布會上表示，我們目前正在對重點地區(qū)、重點人群、重點城市加快推進(jìn)新冠疫苗接種，個別地方在接種工作中出現(xiàn)強(qiáng)制要求接種的情況，必須堅決予以糾正。

【單詞講解】

Compulsory這個詞我們最常見的是compulsory education（義務(wù)教育），即“國家法律規(guī)定必須接受的教育”，所以，compulsory一般都包含“強(qiáng)制的、必須的”等意思，比如：the government made masks compulsory for people to wear in most public indoor settings（政府要求在大多數(shù)室內(nèi)公共場所必須戴口罩）， compulsory traffic accident liability insurance（交通事故強(qiáng)制責(zé)任險/交強(qiáng)險）。

More than 164.47 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines had been administered across China as of Saturday, the National Health Commission said.
國家衛(wèi)健委表示，截至4月10日24時，全國累計報告接種新冠疫苗超過16447萬劑次。

鼓勵群眾積極接種、主動接種

國家衛(wèi)健委疾控局副局長吳良有表示：

China encourages voluntary COVID-19 vaccinations, and works to ensure all people eligible for vaccination have access to it.
我們鼓勵群眾主動接種，力爭實現(xiàn)“應(yīng)接盡接”。

Some provinces and regions have taken effective measures on the basis of their own situations and have accumulated experiences during the process, but there are also some places making vaccinations rigidly uniform and allowing for no flexibility.
有關(guān)省份根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貙嶋H采取了各種行之有效的措施，積累了一些經(jīng)驗。但是個別地區(qū)在新冠病毒疫苗接種工作的推動過程中，存在“一刀切”的問題。

【單詞講解】

所謂的“一刀切”指的是不針對具體情況，只用某種固定方式處理。上述英文報道中用了uniform這個詞來表達(dá)“一刀切”。Uniform用作名詞是“制服”，比如，school uniform（校服），military uniform（軍裝）等，都是統(tǒng)一制式的服裝，uniform用作形容詞的時候表示“the same; not changing or different in any way”（相同的，沒有任何差別的），比如：The office walls and furniture are a uniform grey（辦公室的墻和家具都是統(tǒng)一的灰色），Small businesses are demanding that they receive uniform treatment from the banks（小型企業(yè)要求銀行對他們一視同仁）。

"Although not a common issue, it does reflect that the organization and management of the vaccination process in some regions is not delicate or accurate," Wu said.
雖然這些問題不是普遍性的，但是也反映了個別地區(qū)組織管理工作還不夠精細(xì)、精準(zhǔn)。

In response to such behavior, he said the commission will provide regions with stronger guidance on vaccine distribution.
下一步，我們將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對各地疫苗接種工作的指導(dǎo)。

We'll also guide people to reasonably consider adverse reactions from vaccinations and improve their confidence in domestically manufactured vaccines.
我們將繼續(xù)引導(dǎo)公眾理性看待接種后可能出現(xiàn)的異常反應(yīng)，增強(qiáng)群眾對國產(chǎn)疫苗的信心。

People aged above 18, as active participants in social activities, are the majority of vaccine receivers.
18歲以上的成年人作為接種的主體，也是社會活動相對頻繁的群體。

Vaccinations not only protect themselves, but also their family members, especially children and the elderly.
接種疫苗既是對自身健康的有效防護(hù)，也為家里的老人和兒童建立起了有效的保護(hù)屏障。

常態(tài)化防控措施不能放松

中國疾控中心流行病學(xué)首席專家吳尊友表示：

China still faces risks of an epidemic rebound due to imported cases, said Wu Zunyou. He cited the example of Ruili city in southwest China's Yunnan province, where new cluster infections were reported in late March.
3月底云南省瑞麗市的疫情表明，由境外輸入造成局部疫情擴(kuò)散的風(fēng)險依然存在。

Wu warned against relaxing self-imposed prevention in spring.
吳尊友提醒大家，不要以為春暖花開了，我們的防控措施就可以松懈了。

He urged people to strictly follow prevention measures, including wearing masks in public, handwashing, social distancing, and regular ventilation.
個人的防護(hù)措施，戴口罩、勤洗手、保持社交距離、常通風(fēng)，這些防控措施一定要堅持。

約談 regulatory talk

4月12日，央行、銀保監(jiān)會、證監(jiān)會、外匯局等金融管理部門再次聯(lián)合約談螞蟻集團(tuán)。

“約談（regulatory talk）”作為行政執(zhí)法措施（administrative law enforcement），是承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會有關(guān)領(lǐng)域監(jiān)督管理職責(zé)的行政執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)（supervisory and administrative organs），針對出現(xiàn)的問題，在事先約定的時間、地點與作為當(dāng)事人的公民、法人或者其他組織進(jìn)行溝通交流，以警示、告誡（warning or admonishment）等方式，督促其遵紀(jì)守法（urge law-abidingness），引導(dǎo)當(dāng)事人采取自愿的作為或者不作為，盡量避免違法問題發(fā)生或者擴(kuò)大，維護(hù)公共利益（safeguard public interest）。

中國人民銀行副行長潘功勝介紹，

After the previous talks with regulators in December last year, Ant Group has set up a special task force to map a rectification plan under the guidance of the financial authorities and to actively carry out the rectification work.
自去年12月份四部門聯(lián)合監(jiān)管約談以來，螞蟻集團(tuán)建立專門團(tuán)隊，在金融管理部門指導(dǎo)下制定整改方案，積極開展整改工作。

螞蟻集團(tuán)整改工作啟動以來，金融管理部門就整改措施與螞蟻集團(tuán)進(jìn)行了深入溝通，并督促螞蟻集團(tuán)形成了全面可行的整改方案。整改內(nèi)容主要包括五個方面：

一是糾正支付業(yè)務(wù)不正當(dāng)競爭行為

The authorities ordered the company to disconnect its payment app Alipay from sister credit products like Huabei and Jiebei in order to offer customers more payment choices.
在支付方式上給消費者更多選擇權(quán)，斷開支付寶與“花唄”“借唄”等其他金融產(chǎn)品的不當(dāng)連接。

二是打破信息壟斷

The company should break the monopoly of information, and guarantee the security of personal and State information.
打破信息壟斷，保障個人和國家信息安全。

三是螞蟻集團(tuán)整體申設(shè)為金融控股公司

Ant Group as a whole will apply to become a financial holding company, and all its institutions engaged in financial businesses will be included in the financial holding company and be regulated.
螞蟻集團(tuán)整體申設(shè)為金融控股公司，所有從事金融活動的機(jī)構(gòu)全部納入金融控股公司接受監(jiān)管。

四是嚴(yán)格落實審慎監(jiān)管要求

The company should strictly implement the requirements of prudent regulation, improve corporate governance, and rectify non-compliant lending, insurance, wealth management and other financial activities, and curb high leverage and risk contagion.
嚴(yán)格落實審慎監(jiān)管要求，完善公司治理，認(rèn)真整改違規(guī)信貸、保險、理財?shù)冉鹑诨顒樱刂聘吒軛U和風(fēng)險傳染。

五是管控重要基金產(chǎn)品流動性風(fēng)險

The company should manage liquidity risks of important fund products and actively reduce the balance of its money market fund Yu'EBao.
管控重要基金產(chǎn)品流動性風(fēng)險，主動壓降余額寶余額。

金融管理部門將一如既往地堅持“兩個毫不動搖”（毫不動搖鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，work unswervingly to both consolidate and develop the public sector and encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector），營造公平競爭市場環(huán)境（level the playing field for market entities），繼續(xù)支持民營資本依法開展金融科技活動，依法保護(hù)產(chǎn)權(quán)，弘揚企業(yè)家精神（promote entrepreneurship），激發(fā)民營資本的市場活力和科技創(chuàng)新能力。