延遲退休 raise the retirement age

According to the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035, China will take small steps to raise the retirement age. It will also implement its flexibility, tailor policies for different groups, consider all factors, and make overall plans.
《中華人民共和國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展第十四個(gè)五年規(guī)劃和2035年遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo)綱要》（下稱綱要）提出，我國將按照“小步調(diào)整、彈性實(shí)施、分類推進(jìn)、統(tǒng)籌兼顧”等原則，逐步延遲法定退休年齡。

【單詞講解】

第一眼看到tailor這個(gè)詞，很多人可能會想到“裁縫”這個(gè)對應(yīng)的中文意思，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，tailor也可以用作動詞，引申為“（按照具體要求、情況）定制”的意思，比如：We tailor any of our products to your company's specific needs（我們可以根據(jù)貴公司的具體需求進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品定制）；You have to tailor application letters for each job you apply for（你要為每個(gè)應(yīng)聘的崗位準(zhǔn)備不同的求職信）。其形容詞形式tailored自然就表示“定制的”意思，比如：tailored plan for specific clients（為特定客戶定制的方案）。

人社部中國勞動和社會保障科學(xué)研究院院長金維剛對上述原則進(jìn)行解讀：

小步調(diào)整：每年延遲幾個(gè)月

Taking small steps means the country will raise the retirement age by a few months every year and finish the reform in several years.
小步調(diào)整就是每年延遲幾個(gè)月，經(jīng)過若干年過渡期完成改革。

People nearing retirement age will only have to delay retirement for several months, Jin said. He added that young people may have to work a few years longer but will have a long adaptation and transition period.
臨近退休的人，只會延遲1個(gè)月或幾個(gè)月，對年輕人來說，延長的退休年齡幅度會大一些，但未來有很長的過渡期和適應(yīng)期。

彈性實(shí)施：個(gè)人會有自主選擇提前退休的空間

The most important feature of the retirement age reform is allowing people to choose when to retire according to their circumstances and conditions, said Jin. This showcases the flexibility and inclusiveness of the reform, said Jin.
延遲退休改革最重要的特征就是允許個(gè)人根據(jù)自身情況和條件，選擇退休的具體時(shí)間，充分體現(xiàn)改革的靈活性和包容性。

分類推進(jìn)：不同群體、不同性別將保持退休年齡差異

In China currently, the retirement age for men is 60, while for women, it is 55 for white-collar workers and 50 for blue-collar employees. These differences will stay in place to ensure policy continuity, said Jin.
我國現(xiàn)行法定退休年齡男職工60周歲、女干部55周歲、女工人50周歲，這些政策差異，改革后也會保持政策延續(xù)性。

【詞匯講解】

短語stay in place表示“保持原位，沒有變動”，比如：the curfew from 6pm to 5am will stay in place for another two weeks（晚6點(diǎn)到早5點(diǎn)的宵禁還要持續(xù)兩周）。

統(tǒng)籌兼顧：配套政策和保障措施需協(xié)同推進(jìn)

Jin said retirement age reform requires overall planning and coordination as it involves many supporting policies and measures.
延遲退休改革相關(guān)的配套政策和保障措施非常多，需要統(tǒng)籌謀劃、協(xié)同推進(jìn)。

The reform also faces challenges such as promoting employment and entrepreneurship of older workers through more targeted means, and offering more social security subsidies to those who have difficulty finding jobs and helping them get reemployed, said Jin.
如何通過更有針對性的措施促進(jìn)大齡勞動者就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)？如何更大力度對就業(yè)困難人員、特別是靈活就業(yè)人員給予社保補(bǔ)貼，幫助其再就業(yè)？這些都是延遲退休改革面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。

疫苗接種車 vaccination vehicle

China's first vaccination vehicle will hit the streets in April in Beijing and north China's Hebei province, which will allow people to receive COVID-19 shots near their residence without travelling to vaccination stations.
我國首款移動疫苗接種車預(yù)計(jì)4月在北京、河北等地投用。投用后，接種新冠疫苗的人員不必再到疫苗接種點(diǎn)，而是疫苗接種車主動上門打疫苗。

【單詞講解】

關(guān)于“疫苗”的幾個(gè)詞，vaccine就是“疫苗”本身，vaccinate就是“注射疫苗、接種疫苗”這個(gè)動作，而其名詞形式vaccination就是“接種疫苗”這件事。上文中的COVID-19 shots指“新冠疫苗注射”，這里的shot是相對比較口語化的表達(dá)。Shot做名詞常見的意思是足球比賽中的“射門”，比如：He has the best shot on the team（他在隊(duì)里射門能力最強(qiáng)），還有“嘗試”的意思，與try類似，比如：Let's give it a shot（我們試試看）。

移動疫苗接種車配置如何？

The interior of the vaccination vehicle resembles that of a bus, but with fewer seats.
移動疫苗接種車內(nèi)部的格局與公交大巴車類似，但是座椅數(shù)量縮減。

The vehicle is equipped with a facial recognition system that can check the body temperature of vaccine recipients.
車上配備了人臉識別系統(tǒng)，可以對同時(shí)對疫苗接種人員進(jìn)行測溫。

The vehicle is covered by onboard Wi-Fi and 5G network for faster data transmission.
車輛專門設(shè)置車載WiFi，可接入5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)，更快速完成信息傳輸。

The whole vaccination process will be carried out inside the vehicle. After getting a shot, vaccine recipients will remain under observation at a designated area outside of the vehicle.
整個(gè)接種過程都在車內(nèi)完成，接種完成后可在車外留觀區(qū)留觀。

移動疫苗接種車研發(fā)生產(chǎn)方北汽福田介紹，

The manufacturer can produce 12 such vehicles in one day, allowing for large scale use in the future.
生產(chǎn)方具備日產(chǎn)12輛車的產(chǎn)能，后期廣泛使用時(shí)可以迅速進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。

【詞匯講解】

這里的allow for是一個(gè)固定搭配的短語，表示“顧及到，考慮到”等意思，比如：The design of the system allows for easy upgrades（有了這個(gè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，以后升級就容易了）；If you allow for inflation, he's actually earning less money now than he was 10 years ago（如果把通貨膨脹考慮在內(nèi)，他現(xiàn)在掙的錢還沒有10年前多）。

我國疫苗接種工作有序展開

China is working around the clock to build COVID-19 herd immunity through its orderly and smooth rollout of vaccines, with 64.98 million doses administered as of last week.
我國新冠疫苗接種工作正有序展開，截至3月14日，全國共接種新冠病毒疫苗6498萬人劑次。

The country's mass vaccination program is currently targeting key groups, including workers at higher risk of infection, essential personnel, and people working in border regions and labor-intensive industries. Seniors who are in good condition and need to be vaccinated for special reasons also are in this group.
目前重點(diǎn)人群的接種工作正在有序開展。這類人群包括職業(yè)暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高的人群，維持社會基本運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵崗位的人員，勞動密集型行業(yè)等疾病傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高的人群，以及部分因特殊原因需接種且身體基礎(chǔ)狀況較好的老年人等。

The second phase will focus on people who are more likely to develop severe infections, including the elderly and those with chronic diseases.
第二步，開展高危人群的接種。這類人群主要包括老年人、基礎(chǔ)性疾病患者等人群。

The third and final phase will cover those in the remaining population who are willing to be inoculated.
第三步，安排其他人群的接種。其他有接種意愿的人員都可以在這一步安排接種。

學(xué)位法草案 draft of the degree law

為了完善我國學(xué)位法律制度，促進(jìn)研究生教育事業(yè)發(fā)展，提升學(xué)位工作質(zhì)量，教育部研究形成了《中華人民共和國學(xué)位法草案（征求意見稿）》，并于近日發(fā)布公告，面向社會公開征求意見。

Institutions of higher education that award degrees can deprive a student of a degree if the applicant is involved in academic misconduct, forgery, and other violations during his or her academic years, according to the draft law.
草案明確，學(xué)位申請人在學(xué)位授予單位學(xué)習(xí)期間存在學(xué)術(shù)不端、作偽造假以及其他違法違規(guī)行為的，授予單位可以不授予其學(xué)位證書。

【單詞講解】

這里的deprive someone of something是“剝奪某人擁有某物的權(quán)利，使某人喪失獲得某物的權(quán)利”等意思，比如：The new environmental law will deprive some fishermen of their livelihood.（新的環(huán)保法將讓漁民失去謀生的手段。）這個(gè)固定搭配經(jīng)常以被動的形式出現(xiàn)，即someone is deprived of something，比如：The children are being deprived of a good education.（孩子們失去了獲得良好教育的機(jī)會。）如果我們說someone is deprived of sleep，意思是說有外界因素使其無法睡覺，并不是他們自己不想睡。美劇中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種疲勞審訊方式就是sleep deprivation（睡眠剝奪）。

對于已經(jīng)獲得學(xué)位者，草案列出了三種情形，在獲得該學(xué)位過程中有三種情形之一的，經(jīng)學(xué)位評定委員會審議決定，由學(xué)位授予單位撤銷學(xué)位（revoke their degrees），收回或者宣布學(xué)位證書無效（declare their degrees invalid）。

這三種學(xué)術(shù)不端行為包括：

學(xué)位論文或者實(shí)踐成果存在嚴(yán)重剽竊、偽造、抄襲、數(shù)據(jù)造假等學(xué)術(shù)不端行為的（academic misconduct including plagiarism, forgery, and data fraud in their dissertations or practical achievements），質(zhì)量不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的（unqualified dissertations or practical achievements）；

以冒名頂替、徇私舞弊等非法手段取得入學(xué)資格或者畢業(yè)證書的（gain admission through identity theft or fraud）；

在學(xué)習(xí)期間存在不應(yīng)當(dāng)授予學(xué)位的其他違法違規(guī)行為的。

【知識點(diǎn)】

“學(xué)術(shù)不端”（academic misconduct）的一般性界定為：高等學(xué)校及其教學(xué)科研人員、管理人員和學(xué)生，在科學(xué)研究及相關(guān)活動中發(fā)生的違反公認(rèn)的學(xué)術(shù)準(zhǔn)則、違背學(xué)術(shù)誠信的行為。

2016年，教育部發(fā)布《高等學(xué)校預(yù)防與處理學(xué)術(shù)不端行為辦法》，第一次以部門規(guī)章的形式對高等學(xué)校預(yù)防與處理學(xué)術(shù)不端行為做出規(guī)定。

《辦法》中明確的六種“學(xué)術(shù)不端”情形包括：剽竊、抄襲、侵占他人學(xué)術(shù)成果（plagiarism），篡改他人研究成果（fabrication or alteration of research results），偽造數(shù)據(jù)或捏造事實(shí)（data falsification），不當(dāng)署名（inappropriate authorship），提供虛假學(xué)術(shù)信息（providing false or misleading information），買賣或代寫論文（academic paper selling or ghostwriting）等。同時(shí)授權(quán)高等學(xué)校可以結(jié)合學(xué)校實(shí)際，自行規(guī)定六類之外的學(xué)術(shù)不端情形。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)貸款 online loans

銀保監(jiān)會辦公廳、中央網(wǎng)信辦秘書局、教育部辦公廳、公安部辦公廳、人民銀行辦公廳聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步規(guī)范大學(xué)生互聯(lián)網(wǎng)消費(fèi)貸款監(jiān)督管理工作的通知》，從四個(gè)方面進(jìn)一步規(guī)范大學(xué)生互聯(lián)網(wǎng)消費(fèi)貸款監(jiān)督管理，切實(shí)維護(hù)大學(xué)生合法權(quán)益。

Micro lenders are banned from granting online consumer loans to college students, according to the statement.
通知明確，小額貸款公司不得向大學(xué)生發(fā)放互聯(lián)網(wǎng)消費(fèi)貸款。

校園貸問題近幾年日益受到關(guān)注。

Some micro lenders have targeted university campuses and issued online consumer loans via cooperation with technology companies. The practices have caused some students to overspend and fall into debt traps.
部分小額貸款公司以大學(xué)校園為目標(biāo)，通過與科技公司合作發(fā)放互聯(lián)網(wǎng)消費(fèi)貸款，導(dǎo)致部分大學(xué)生過度消費(fèi)，陷入高額貸款陷阱。

【知識點(diǎn)】

校園貸（campus loans）始于2014年，到2015年迎來爆發(fā)式增長，但因隨后爆發(fā)的“裸貸（loans secured against nude photos）、收費(fèi)混亂（illegal charges）、暴力催收（forcible debt collection）”等負(fù)面事件備受輿論質(zhì)疑。

2017年，銀監(jiān)會、教育部、人社部、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融委員會等發(fā)布通知，禁止違規(guī)機(jī)構(gòu)向大學(xué)生提供校園貸服務(wù)。

2020年1月，最高人民法院表示，在校大學(xué)生因?yàn)槭褂镁W(wǎng)貸平臺而欠債的不應(yīng)被列為失信被執(zhí)行人（defaulter）。

此外，通知還要求規(guī)范放貸機(jī)構(gòu)及其外包合作機(jī)構(gòu)營銷行為。

Micro lenders should strengthen identity verification of clients and not make college students their target clients for online consumer loans or carry out targeted marketing aimed at them.
小額貸款公司要加強(qiáng)貸款客戶身份的實(shí)質(zhì)性核驗(yàn)，不得將大學(xué)生設(shè)定為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)消費(fèi)貸款的目標(biāo)客戶群體，不得針對大學(xué)生群體精準(zhǔn)營銷。

Institutions without financial licenses should not offer credit services to college students.
未經(jīng)銀行業(yè)管理部門批準(zhǔn)設(shè)立的機(jī)構(gòu)不得為大學(xué)生提供信貸服務(wù)。

強(qiáng)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理

As for the online consumer loans that have been issued to college students, no extension is allowed and the existing loans should be gradually reduced. Any new loans not in line with regulations will be prohibited.
對于已發(fā)放的大學(xué)生互聯(lián)網(wǎng)消費(fèi)貸款，原則上不進(jìn)行展期，逐步消化存量業(yè)務(wù)，嚴(yán)禁違規(guī)新增業(yè)務(wù)。

Banks should make sure college students have a second source of debt repayment and obtain written statements from the guarantors (parents, guardians or other superiors) that they approve the loan and are willing to pay it for the borrowers.
銀行要確保大學(xué)生借貸人有第二還款來源，并未獲取具備還款能力的第二還款來源（父母、監(jiān)護(hù)人或其他管理人等）表示同意其貸款行為并愿意代為還款的書面擔(dān)保材料。

三星堆遺址 the Sanxingdui Ruins

3月20日，“考古中國”重大項(xiàng)目工作進(jìn)展會在成都舉行，通報(bào)了四川廣漢三星堆遺址重要考古發(fā)現(xiàn)與研究成果。

Chinese archaeologists announced the discovery of over 500 cultural relics, during an ongoing excavation at the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Guanghan, Sichuan province. The relics were uncovered in six sacrificial pits which date back over 3,200 years.
考古學(xué)家宣布，四川廣漢三星堆遺址新發(fā)現(xiàn)的6座三星堆文化“祭祀坑”中已出土500余件文物。此次發(fā)現(xiàn)的“祭祀坑”距今約3200多年。

【單詞講解】

這里的excavation來源于動詞excavate，在考古領(lǐng)域表示“to remove earth that is covering very old objects buried in the ground in order to discover things about the past”（為了研究歷史，將埋在地底下的老物件挖出來），即“發(fā)掘文物”，比如：She has taken part in several excavations of Roman settlements across Europe.（她參加了好幾次歐洲羅馬人定居點(diǎn)的文物發(fā)掘工作）。

Among the important cultural finds are gold and bronze masks, bronze ware, more than 100 ivory tusks, textiles and jade among other artifacts.
出土的重要文物包括金面具、銅面具、銅器、100多個(gè)象牙、紡織物以及玉器等其他工藝品。

【單詞講解】

在考古領(lǐng)域挖掘出來的“（工具、武器、飾品等具有考古或歷史價(jià)值的）文物”一般用artifact。而我們常見的cultural relics里面的relic則指“遺跡、遺留物、遺址”等。在表示“歷史遺跡”的時(shí)候，relic涵蓋的范圍要比artifact要廣一些，而且這兩個(gè)詞一般都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

新發(fā)現(xiàn)的五號坑出土大量黃金制品

A gold mask has been unearthed at the No5 sacrificial pit. With an area of about three square meters, it is the smallest pit, but it's where the most gold pieces were unearthed, according to archaeologists.
五號祭祀坑面積大約3平方米，是最小的一個(gè)坑，但其中出土的黃金制品最多，其中包括一個(gè)黃金面具。

出土文物“上新”

In No 3 pit, a rich reservoir for bronze ware, archaeologists found two square zun jars, a typical ancient Chinese bronze ritual vessel. Such artifacts were not found in 1986. Some of the bronze ware items have been decorated with dragon and ox patterns.
在三號坑，考古學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量青銅器，其中有兩個(gè)正方形青銅尊，是中國古代典型的青銅祭器。其中一些青銅器上面還裝飾有龍、牛的圖案。這些文物都是1986年發(fā)掘時(shí)沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)的。

In the No 6 pit, a 1.5-meter-long and 40-centimeter-wide wooden box covered in cinnabar has brought a new mystery. A plan to open it is still being drafted.
在6號坑發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具“木匣”，長約1.5米、寬約0.4米，內(nèi)外均涂抹朱砂。這個(gè)木匣給考古工作帶來了新的謎團(tuán)?？脊湃藛T還在討論“開匣”方案。

Other important items include decorative gold items in the shape of birds, ivory and bone carvings, silk and cong.
其他出土的重要文物包括，小鳥形狀的黃金飾品、象牙、骨雕、絲綢以及玉琮等。

The recent discoveries further confirm the theory that the pits were used for sacrificial purposes as many of the items found had been smashed and burned before being buried. Further study is needed to rule out any other speculation as to the pits usage.
這次的發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步證明，這些坑洞是為祭祀所用，因?yàn)槌鐾恋暮芏辔奈镌诼裰耙呀?jīng)被打碎并燒毀。需要更深入的研究來排除這些坑洞有其他用途的猜想。

發(fā)掘工作充分利用高科技

In the process of excavation, archaeologists made full use of modern technologies to ensure the safety of the relics and sound management of relevant data and materials.
在發(fā)掘過程中，考古學(xué)家充分利用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)確保文物的安全以及相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)和材料的高效管理。

【知識點(diǎn)：關(guān)于三星堆】

The Sanxingdui Ruins is dubbed as one of the world's greatest archeological discoveries of the 20th century.
三星堆遺址被稱為20世紀(jì)全世界最重大的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。

Located in the city of Guanghan, Sichuan province, around 60 km from the provincial capital Chengdu, the ruins covering an area of 12 square km are believed to be the remnants of the Shu Kingdom, dating back some 4,800 years to 3,100 years.
三星堆遺址占地面積12平方公里，位于四川廣漢，距離成都約60公里，是古蜀文化遺址，距今4800年至3100年左右。

The site was originally discovered in the 1920s by a farmer. A huge surprise came in 1986 when two sacrificial pits filled with more than 1,000 relics, including gold masks, bronze sacred trees, bronze ware, jade ware and ivory, were discovered by local workers excavating clay for bricks.
該遺址最初由一個(gè)農(nóng)民在上世紀(jì)20年代發(fā)現(xiàn)。1986年，當(dāng)?shù)毓と送谕翢u時(shí)意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)祭祀坑，里面有1000多件文物，包括金面具、青銅神樹、青銅器、玉器、象牙等。

In 1988, the Sanxingdui Ruins site was put under State-level protection.
1988年，三星堆遺址被列為國家文物保護(hù)單位。

中美高層戰(zhàn)略對話 China-US high-level strategic dialogue

A China-US high-level strategic dialogue concluded in Anchorage, United States on March 19 after the two sides had candid, constructive and helpful exchanges on respective domestic and foreign policies, the bilateral relationship as well as major international matters of shared interest.
當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月19日，中美高層戰(zhàn)略對話在美國安克雷奇結(jié)束，雙方圍繞各自內(nèi)外政策、中美關(guān)系以及共同關(guān)心的重大國際地區(qū)問題進(jìn)行了坦誠、深入、建設(shè)性的溝通。

個(gè)人信息收集 collection of personal information

國家網(wǎng)信辦、工信部、公安部、國家市場監(jiān)管總局四部門近日聯(lián)合發(fā)布《常見類型移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用程序必要個(gè)人信息范圍規(guī)定》，明確了39類常見類型移動應(yīng)用程序必要個(gè)人信息范圍。

Mobile apps will be banned from illegally collecting unnecessary personal information and they cannot deny users access to their services if users refuse to share unnecessary personal information, according to the guideline.
規(guī)定明確，移動應(yīng)用程序不得違規(guī)收集非必要個(gè)人信息；不得因?yàn)橛脩舨煌馓峁┓潜匾獋€(gè)人信息，而拒絕用戶使用其基本功能服務(wù)。

【詞匯講解】

這里的deny access to是一個(gè)固定搭配，表示“refuse permission to see/use”，即“拒絕使用、接觸”，比如，He was denied access to the report（他看不到那份報(bào)告）；這個(gè)短語的反義詞是grant access to（允許使用、接觸），兩個(gè)短語常用的搭配形式是grant/deny someone access to something。

規(guī)定明確，必要個(gè)人信息（necessary personal information），是指保障app基本功能服務(wù)正常運(yùn)行所必需的個(gè)人信息（personal information that is needed for basic function and services），缺少該信息app即無法實(shí)現(xiàn)基本功能服務(wù)。

規(guī)定明確了39類常見類型移動應(yīng)用程序必要個(gè)人信息范圍。比如：

Navigation apps may have access to a user's location, place of departure and destination.
地圖導(dǎo)航類app可以收集的必要個(gè)人信息為位置信息、出發(fā)地、到達(dá)地。

Instant messaging apps may collect personal information including a user's mobile phone number, their messaging account and the accounts of their contacts.
即時(shí)通信類app可以收集注冊用戶移動電話號碼，賬號、即時(shí)通信聯(lián)系人賬號列表。

該規(guī)定自2021年5月1日起施行。