民生 people's wellbeing

國家發(fā)展改革委副主任胡祖才3月8日在國新辦新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上表示，“十四五”規(guī)劃綱要草案20個(gè)主要指標(biāo)中有7個(gè)是民生福祉類的、占比超過三分之一，是歷次五年規(guī)劃中最高的。

這些指標(biāo)覆蓋了就業(yè)（employment）、收入（income）、教育（education）、醫(yī)療（healthcare）、養(yǎng)老（elderly care）、托育（childcare）等各民生領(lǐng)域，這充分體現(xiàn)了把改善民生福祉放在更加突出重要位置。

就業(yè)

We will implement the employment-first strategy and increase employment opportunities.
實(shí)施就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略，擴(kuò)大就業(yè)容量。

We will improve pro-employment system to support key groups such as college graduates, rural migrant workers and veterans.
完善高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工、退役軍人等重點(diǎn)群體就業(yè)支持體系。

收入

We will work to raise the income of the low-income group and expand the size of the middle-income group.
著力提高低收入群體收入，擴(kuò)大中等收入群體。

Per capita disposable income will generally grow in step with GDP growth.
居民收入增長和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長要基本同步。

教育

We will build a high-quality education system by deepening educational reforms.
建設(shè)高質(zhì)量教育體系，深化教育改革。

We will carry out an initiative to raise the quality of education and expand its capacity. We expect that the average number of years of schooling among the working-age population will rise to 11.3.
實(shí)施教育提質(zhì)擴(kuò)容工程，勞動(dòng)年齡人口平均受教育年限提高到11.3年。

醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生

We will make all-round efforts to build a Healthy China.
全面推進(jìn)健康中國建設(shè)。

We will develop a strong public health system, carry out extensive public fitness activities, and raise the average life expectancy by one year.
構(gòu)建強(qiáng)大公共衛(wèi)生體系，廣泛開展全民健身運(yùn)動(dòng)，人均預(yù)期壽命再提高1歲。

We will improve the medical insurance system that covers the whole population, promote a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and improve the medical insurance and medical aid systems for major diseases.
健全全民醫(yī)保制度，推動(dòng)基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌，健全重大疾病醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)和救助制度。

社會(huì)保障

The statutory retirement age will be raised in a phased manner. The multi-tiered social security system will be improved, with coverage of basic old-age insurance reaching 95 percent of the population. Social assistance and charity systems will also be improved.
逐步延遲法定退休年齡。健全多層次社會(huì)保障體系，基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)參保率提高到95%，優(yōu)化社會(huì)救助和慈善制度。

養(yǎng)老育幼

We will implement the national strategy for addressing population aging, and improve the population services system with a focus on elderly care and child care.
實(shí)施積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化國家戰(zhàn)略，以“一老一小”為重點(diǎn)完善人口服務(wù)體系。

We will make more efforts to develop elderly care services that are accessible for all and build a system that integrates home, communities and healthcare facilities.
大力發(fā)展普惠型養(yǎng)老服務(wù)，構(gòu)建居家社區(qū)機(jī)構(gòu)相協(xié)調(diào)、醫(yī)養(yǎng)康養(yǎng)相結(jié)合的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系。

The number of pupil places for infants under 3 years old will be increased from the current 1.8 to 4.5 per 1,000 population.
將每千人口擁有3歲以下嬰幼兒托位數(shù)由目前的1.8個(gè)提高到4.5個(gè)。

國際月球科研站 international lunar research station

3月9日，經(jīng)兩國政府批準(zhǔn)，中國國家航天局（the China National Space Administration，CNSA）局長張克儉與俄羅斯國家航天集團(tuán)公司（Roscosmos）總經(jīng)理羅戈津通過視頻會(huì)議簽署《中華人民共和國政府和俄羅斯聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)于合作建設(shè)國際月球科研站的諒解備忘錄》。

The CNSA and Roscosmos will negotiate on matters about the international lunar research station's planning, design, construction and operations, and will work together to build and run it.
中國國家航天局與俄羅斯國家航天集團(tuán)公司將就國際月球科研站的規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)以及運(yùn)營等事宜進(jìn)行商討，合作建設(shè)并運(yùn)營該科研站。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

國際月球科研站（international lunar research station）是在月球表面或月球軌道上建設(shè)（built on the lunar surface or in the lunar orbit）可進(jìn)行月球自身探索和利用、月基觀測(cè)、基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)驗(yàn)證等多學(xué)科多目標(biāo)科研活動(dòng)（multi-disciplinary and multi-objective scientific research activities such as the lunar exploration and utilization, lunar-based observation, basic scientific experiment and technical verification），長期自主運(yùn)行的綜合性科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)基地。

Through this program, China and Russia will take advantage of their expertise and experience in space science and technology and spacecraft to produce a plan for the station and will cooperate closely on the following steps.
在建造國際月球科研站項(xiàng)目的框架內(nèi)，中俄兩國利用在空間科學(xué)、空間技術(shù)和空間設(shè)備等方面積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，將共同制定建造國際月球科研站的路線圖，并開展緊密合作。

Both nations want to open the station to international cooperation so it can serve as a platform to boost scientific exchanges and foster peaceful exploration and development of outer space.
兩國希望面向所有國際合作開放國際月球科研站，加強(qiáng)科學(xué)研究交流，推進(jìn)全人類和平探索利用太空。

中俄兩國一直致力于在空間技術(shù)、空間科學(xué)、空間應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域（ space science, technology and application fields）開展合作，先后簽署了一系列協(xié)定，積極推動(dòng)月球及深空探測(cè)領(lǐng)域的合作。

The two nations will work together to carry out China's Chang'e 7 lunar landing mission and Russia's Luna-Resurs-Orbiter mission.
兩國將協(xié)同實(shí)施中國的“嫦娥七號(hào)”月球極地探測(cè)任務(wù)和俄羅斯“月球—資源-1”軌道器任務(wù)合作。

國際旅行健康證明 health certificate for international travelers

A Chinese version of the health certificate for international travelers was launched March 8 on the WeChat mini program for Chinese citizens, the Foreign Ministry's Department of Consular Affairs said in a statement. The certificate will be available in two formats, digital and in paper, with the certificate-holder's NAT and IgG antibody test results and vaccination status on record, according to the statement.
外交部領(lǐng)事司表示，3月8日，中國版“國際旅行健康證明”微信小程序已正式上線。健康證明有紙質(zhì)版和電子版兩種形式，展示持有人的核酸、血清IgG抗體檢測(cè)結(jié)果及疫苗接種情況等。

三新：新發(fā)展階段（new development stage）、新發(fā)展理念（new development philosophy）、新發(fā)展格局（new development paradigm）

今年的《政府工作報(bào)告》提出：

The period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan will be the first five years in which we embark on a new journey to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects. China remains in an important period of strategic opportunity for development. Yet, there are changes in both the opportunities and challenges we face. We should have an accurate understanding of this new stage of development, fully apply the new development philosophy, and accelerate our efforts to create a new development pattern to promote high-quality development. By doing so, we will set the stage for building a modern socialist country in all respects.
“十四五”時(shí)期是開啟全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國家新征程的第一個(gè)五年。我國發(fā)展仍然處于重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，但機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)都有新的發(fā)展變化，要準(zhǔn)確把握新發(fā)展階段，深入貫徹新發(fā)展理念，加快構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局，推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，為全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國家開好局起好步。

這里的新發(fā)展階段（new development stage）、新發(fā)展理念（new development philosophy）、新發(fā)展格局（new development paradigm）就是“三新”。

新發(fā)展階段、新發(fā)展理念、新發(fā)展格局是理解當(dāng)下和未來中國的三個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。新發(fā)展階段，是中國發(fā)展的歷史方位；新發(fā)展理念，是中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)原則；新發(fā)展格局，是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化的路徑選擇。

“三新”有何深意？我們簡單為您介紹

新發(fā)展階段 new development stage

黨的十九屆五中全會(huì)提出，

After finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving the first centenary goal, we will mark the first five years of China's new journey toward fully building a modern socialist country and march toward the second centenary goal, which means that China's development will enter a new stage.
全面建成小康社會(huì)、實(shí)現(xiàn)第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)之后，我們要乘勢(shì)而上開啟全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國家新征程、向第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)進(jìn)軍，這標(biāo)志著我國進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新發(fā)展階段。

進(jìn)入新發(fā)展階段，發(fā)展任務(wù)已經(jīng)由實(shí)現(xiàn)第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)崿F(xiàn)第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)。經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重心將逐步從重視經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模的“高增速”（high-speed growth）轉(zhuǎn)到提高效率和質(zhì)量上來，實(shí)現(xiàn)“高質(zhì)量”發(fā)展（high-quality development）成為新的發(fā)展主題。

新發(fā)展理念 new development philosophy

在黨的十八屆五中全會(huì)上，習(xí)近平總書記提出要牢固樹立并切實(shí)貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的發(fā)展理念（concept of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development），并強(qiáng)調(diào)這是關(guān)系我國發(fā)展全局的一場(chǎng)深刻變革，必須充分認(rèn)識(shí)這場(chǎng)變革的重大現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和深遠(yuǎn)歷史意義。

2021年1月28日，習(xí)近平主持中央政治局第二十七次集體學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)，

The new development philosophy is a systematic theoretical system, which answers a series of theoretical and practical questions about the purpose, motivation, mode and path of development. It also clarifies major political issues including the Party's political stand, value orientation and the mode and path for development.
新發(fā)展理念是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的理論體系，回答了關(guān)于發(fā)展的目的、動(dòng)力、方式、路徑等一系列理論和實(shí)踐問題，闡明了我們黨關(guān)于發(fā)展的政治立場(chǎng)、價(jià)值導(dǎo)向、發(fā)展模式、發(fā)展道路等重大政治問題。

新發(fā)展格局 new development paradigm

2020年5月14日召開的中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會(huì)會(huì)議指出，

We should further deepening the supply-side structural reform and leverage the advantages of China's super-large market and domestic demand potential to create a new development pattern where domestic and foreign market can boost each other.
要深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，充分發(fā)揮我國超大規(guī)模市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)和內(nèi)需潛力，構(gòu)建國內(nèi)國際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)的新發(fā)展格局。

2020年5月23日，習(xí)近平看望參加全國政協(xié)十三屆三次會(huì)議的經(jīng)濟(jì)界委員時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)，

We should make steady progress in creating a new development pattern where domestic and foreign markets can boost each other, with domestic market as the mainstay.
逐步形成以國內(nèi)大循環(huán)為主體、國內(nèi)國際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)的新發(fā)展格局。

2020年9月1日，習(xí)近平主持召開中央全面深化改革委員會(huì)第十五次會(huì)議時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)，

Accelerating the establishment of a new development pattern featuring dual circulation, which takes the domestic market as the mainstay while letting domestic and foreign markets boost each other, is a strategic decision made in accordance with changes in China's development stage, environment and conditions, and a systematic deep-level reform concerning the overall situation of the country.
加快形成以國內(nèi)大循環(huán)為主體、國內(nèi)國際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)的新發(fā)展格局，是根據(jù)我國發(fā)展階段、環(huán)境、條件變化作出的戰(zhàn)略決策，是事關(guān)全局的系統(tǒng)性深層次變革。

構(gòu)建國內(nèi)國際雙循環(huán)新發(fā)展格局首先要形成以國內(nèi)大循環(huán)為主體的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)（national economic circulation which takes the domestic market as the mainstay），這是新發(fā)展格局的前提和條件。

同時(shí)，新發(fā)展格局不是封閉的國內(nèi)循環(huán)（it's not a development loop behind closed doors），而是更加開放的國內(nèi)國際雙循環(huán)（more open domestic and international circulations）。要發(fā)揮國內(nèi)循環(huán)對(duì)國際循環(huán)的帶動(dòng)作用、進(jìn)而形成國內(nèi)國際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)發(fā)展，就必須要實(shí)行對(duì)外開放（open up）。只有依靠高水平開放發(fā)展，才能真正發(fā)揮國內(nèi)大循環(huán)對(duì)國際大循環(huán)的帶動(dòng)作用（the driving force of domestic circulation will be fully unleashed to fuel international circulation），進(jìn)而真正形成國內(nèi)國際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)的新發(fā)展格局。

顯示織物 display textile

復(fù)旦大學(xué)科研團(tuán)隊(duì)成功將顯示器件的制備與織物編織過程相融合，實(shí)現(xiàn)了大面積柔性顯示織物和智能集成系統(tǒng)。相關(guān)成果近日在線發(fā)表于《自然》雜志。

According to Peng Huisheng, leader of the team and a professor from Fudan’s macromolecular science department, it developed transparent conductive weft fibers and luminescent warp fibers. When woven together, they form micrometer-scale electroluminescent units similar to those on a digital display screen.
科研團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人、復(fù)旦大學(xué)高分子科學(xué)系教授彭慧勝介紹說，團(tuán)隊(duì)研制的“發(fā)光經(jīng)線”和透明的“導(dǎo)電緯線”交織時(shí)，可形成微米級(jí)電致發(fā)光單元，與數(shù)字顯示屏的電致發(fā)光單元類似。

“發(fā)光經(jīng)線”（luminescent warp fibers），外觀與生活中的尋常紗線類似，但通電后即可發(fā)出明亮的光?！鞍l(fā)光經(jīng)線”的直徑可在0.2毫米至0.5毫米間精確調(diào)控（its diameter can be accurately adjusted between 0.2mm and 0.5mm），賦予了其超細(xì)超柔的特性（make it super thin and soft），以此梭織而成的衣服，可緊貼人體不規(guī)則輪廓，并保證輕薄、透氣（light and breathable）。

The team has produced a 6-meter-long and 25-centimeter-wide display textile. It contains 500,000 electroluminescent units and is capable of meeting the resolution requirements of some practical applications.
團(tuán)隊(duì)目前已在實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)現(xiàn)長6米、寬0.25米、約含50萬個(gè)“像素點(diǎn)”的顯示織物，已能初步滿足部分實(shí)際應(yīng)用的分辨率需求。

【單詞講解】

Display可以用作動(dòng)詞或名詞，均表示“展示，展現(xiàn)，顯示”等意思，比如：public display of affection (PDA)就是“公開展示感情”，即“秀恩愛”，fireworks display（煙花秀），window display（櫥窗展示）；display one's skill（展示某人的技能）， Toys were displayed in the store window（玩具在商店櫥窗里展示）。而在電視、電腦、手機(jī)等電子設(shè)備領(lǐng)域，我們更常見的是display screen（顯示屏）。

The brightness between electroluminescent units deviates by less than 5 percent and remains stable even when the textile is bent, stretched or pressed.
交織發(fā)光點(diǎn)亮度變動(dòng)范圍控制在5%以內(nèi)，織物在對(duì)折、拉伸、按壓等外力作用下也能保持亮度穩(wěn)定。

It can withstand hundreds of times of machine washing.
可耐受上百次的洗衣機(jī)洗滌。

應(yīng)用前景廣闊

Based on flexible textiles, the team developed an integrated system with functions such as display, sensing and power supply. It shows promising prospects in various areas including real-time positioning, intelligent communication and healthcare.
該科研團(tuán)隊(duì)基于編織方法，還實(shí)現(xiàn)了儲(chǔ)能織物、觸摸傳感織物與顯示織物的功能集成系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)在實(shí)時(shí)定位、智能通訊、醫(yī)療輔助等方面展現(xiàn)出良好應(yīng)用前景。

People with linguistic disabilities, for instance, could efficiently and conveniently communicate with others in the future by wearing the display fabric.
比如，語言障礙者把“顯示器”穿在身上，就能與人實(shí)現(xiàn)高效便捷溝通。