你還涂口紅嗎?調(diào)查:疫情影響口紅色號(hào),亮紅色受冷落
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)雙語(yǔ)新聞 2021-03-04 11:30
過(guò)去一年,口罩幾乎以一己之力改寫(xiě)了美妝產(chǎn)業(yè)的局面。受疫情影響,隨著口罩成為臉部標(biāo)配,唇部不再是人們對(duì)于面部的關(guān)注焦點(diǎn),這讓美妝產(chǎn)業(yè)也發(fā)生了新變化。
據(jù)韓媒報(bào)道,2020年下半年韓國(guó)眼妝銷(xiāo)售額比上半年增長(zhǎng)10% 。另一方面,皮膚因長(zhǎng)期佩戴口罩變得粗糙敏感,也導(dǎo)致保濕護(hù)膚品和面膜人氣飆升,緩解皮膚干燥的面膜的銷(xiāo)量大增。
化妝品生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大國(guó)日本也難逃疫情影響。
2019年日本口紅銷(xiāo)量達(dá)到2600萬(wàn)支。日本內(nèi)務(wù)部2020年3月份調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),日本口紅的消費(fèi)量同期減少22.2%。并據(jù)化妝品公司反映,口紅銷(xiāo)售額的下降更為劇烈。
In recent months, face masks have been hard to find in Japanese stores, but there’s one product that is not selling well: lipstick.
最近幾個(gè)月,日本商店里很難找到口罩,但有一種產(chǎn)品不暢銷(xiāo):口紅。
報(bào)道稱(chēng),疫情也會(huì)給流行的口紅色號(hào)帶來(lái)微妙的變化。
In Japan, the trend in lipsticks in the latter half of 2019 was for brighter colours and shades, according to market analysis company Euromonitor International.
市場(chǎng)分析公司歐睿國(guó)際表示,2019年下半年在日本鮮艷的口紅色號(hào)更流行。
但到了2020年,人們不再想涂艷色口紅。這種轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)谑昵熬驮霈F(xiàn)過(guò)。
2011年,“3.11”大地震和福島核泄漏事件后,日本女性口紅色號(hào)變得更柔和(muted),亮紅色和扎眼的色號(hào)(bright reds and showy colors)受到冷落。
在出行令、口罩令的限制下,歐洲的化妝品銷(xiāo)售量也不怎么樣。媒體報(bào)道稱(chēng),英國(guó)大牌美妝產(chǎn)品2020年銷(xiāo)量下滑24%,口紅是重災(zāi)區(qū)。
報(bào)道稱(chēng),去年對(duì)英國(guó)美妝產(chǎn)品來(lái)說(shuō)是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的一年。由于人們要戴口罩,口紅顯得多余,英國(guó)唇線(xiàn)產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)量下降了50%。
It’s no surprise that make-up was the most challenged category last year and declined 40%. And sales of lip products fell even more (by 50%) as the need to wear a mask outdoors rendered lipstick redundant.
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),化妝品是去年受到最大挑戰(zhàn)的一類(lèi)產(chǎn)品,銷(xiāo)量下降了40%。由于在戶(hù)外需要戴口罩,口紅變得多余,口唇產(chǎn)品的銷(xiāo)量下降了50%。
That's according to figures from NPD Group, which said that prestige beauty sales declines 24% last year with physical shops seeing their sales falling 44% overall.
根據(jù)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研公司NPD Group的報(bào)告,英國(guó)大牌美妝銷(xiāo)售額減少24%,其中實(shí)體店的銷(xiāo)售額縮水44%。
沒(méi)買(mǎi)口紅的英國(guó)人買(mǎi)了什么呢?調(diào)查結(jié)果讓研究者意想不到:在疫情期間英國(guó)人保持了擦香水和護(hù)膚的常規(guī),因此這兩類(lèi)產(chǎn)品賣(mài)得較好。
What's interesting is what consumers actually bought and it may seem surprising, given the lack of opportunity for them to go out, that fragrance was a resilient category and one of the best performers. Not that it managed to grow, but with a decline of ‘only’ 17%, the fall was less than seen elsewhere in the prestige beauty market.
有趣的是,在外出減少的情況下,人們實(shí)際購(gòu)買(mǎi)的商品出乎意料:香水異軍突起,銷(xiāo)量出彩。但這倒并不是說(shuō)香水銷(xiāo)量逆市增長(zhǎng),而是降幅“只有”17%,小于其他美妝品類(lèi)。
如此說(shuō)來(lái),外部環(huán)境出現(xiàn)異常狀況或經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣會(huì)改變?nèi)藗兊南M(fèi)習(xí)慣。但消費(fèi)者到底買(mǎi)什么,則常常出乎意料。
甚至有些人還把這些“奇怪”的現(xiàn)象總結(jié)歸納,創(chuàng)造出了一些有趣的理論,一起來(lái)看:
口紅效應(yīng)
“口紅效應(yīng)(lipstick effect)”是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論,即當(dāng)面對(duì)金融危機(jī)時(shí),消費(fèi)者將更愿意購(gòu)買(mǎi)成本較低的奢侈品,而不是皮毛大衣。
The lipstick effect is the theory that when facing an economic crisis consumers will be more willing to buy less costly luxury goods. Instead of buying expensive fur coats, women will buy expensive lipstick.
口紅效應(yīng)指的是在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時(shí)消費(fèi)者更愿意購(gòu)買(mǎi)相對(duì)廉價(jià)的奢侈品這樣一個(gè)理論。女性消費(fèi)者在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時(shí)選擇購(gòu)買(mǎi)的不是價(jià)格不菲的皮草服裝,而是高檔口紅。
2008年的世界性經(jīng)濟(jì)金融危機(jī),給“口紅”帶來(lái)了市場(chǎng)。美國(guó)媒體稱(chēng),口紅、面膜的銷(xiāo)量開(kāi)始上升,而做頭發(fā)、做按摩等“放松消費(fèi)”也很有人氣,這與其他大宗商品和奢侈品的低迷銷(xiāo)量呈現(xiàn)出鮮明的對(duì)比。
全球幾大化妝品巨頭的銷(xiāo)售額證實(shí)了這一觀點(diǎn),歐萊雅公司2008年上半年銷(xiāo)售額逆市增長(zhǎng)5.3%。
“口紅效應(yīng)”開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn),而“口紅效應(yīng)”這一20世紀(jì)30年代提出的理論也在海外媒體上不斷亮相。
The underlying assumption is that consumers will buy luxury goods even if there is a crisis. When consumer trust in the economy is dwindling, consumers will buy goods that have less impact on their available funds. Obviously men will not be buying lipstick, but could be tempted by expensive beer or smaller, less costly gadgets.
口紅效應(yīng)揭示的是這樣一種思維:就算在經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的情況下,人們?nèi)匀挥匈?gòu)買(mǎi)奢侈品的愿望。當(dāng)人們意識(shí)到經(jīng)濟(jì)在下滑的時(shí)候,他們會(huì)購(gòu)買(mǎi)一些對(duì)其現(xiàn)有資金影響不大的商品。男性消費(fèi)者當(dāng)然不會(huì)去買(mǎi)口紅了,不過(guò)他們可能會(huì)買(mǎi)高檔啤酒或一些小巧又不太貴的小玩意。
但人們沒(méi)想到的是在當(dāng)下疫情和經(jīng)濟(jì)的雙重壓力下,“口紅”消費(fèi)也被抑制住了。
高跟鞋效應(yīng)
IBM的特雷夫·戴維斯(Trevor Davis)博士指出,“經(jīng)濟(jì)越不景氣,高跟鞋的鞋跟就會(huì)越高?!?/p>
持這種觀點(diǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家不在少數(shù)。他們認(rèn)為,在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮富裕之際,女人反倒愛(ài)穿平底鞋,而在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)期,高跟鞋會(huì)越來(lái)越高。
“Usually, in an economic downturn, heels go up and stay up — as consumers turn to a more flamboyant fashion as a means of fantasy and escape,” Trevor Davis, a consumer product expert with IBM’s Global Services Unit said in a press release announcing the results of the study.
IBM全球服務(wù)部的消費(fèi)品專(zhuān)家特雷弗·戴維斯在宣布這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果的發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō):“通常,在經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷時(shí)期,高跟鞋會(huì)變高,而且會(huì)保持下去——因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向更花哨的時(shí)尚風(fēng)格,以此陷入幻想和逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)?!?/p>
《赫芬頓郵報(bào)》指出,在2009年經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)最嚴(yán)重的時(shí)候,根據(jù)博客和社交媒體網(wǎng)站上的文章,女性高跟鞋的平均高度達(dá)到了7英寸。到了2011年,一路下降到2英寸。
而平底鞋和小高跟鞋的流行,就可能是經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)始復(fù)蘇的跡象。
裙擺指數(shù)
“裙擺指數(shù)”是由經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家喬治·泰勒(George Taylor)在1926年推出的一種理論。這種理論認(rèn)為女性裙擺長(zhǎng)度變化能夠預(yù)測(cè)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的走向。裙子越短,經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)越好。
The Hemline Index is an idea that suggests women's hemlines fluctuate and can even indicate macroeconomic performance. The higher the hemline, the better the economy looks.
“裙擺指數(shù)”是說(shuō)女性裙子的長(zhǎng)度也能反應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)。裙子越短,經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)越好。
In good economies, we get such results as miniskirts (as seen in the 1960s), or in poor economic times, as shown by the 1929 Wall Street Crash, hems can drop to the ankle almost overnight.
經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況好的時(shí)候,滿(mǎn)大街都是超短裙(比如上世紀(jì)60年代);而經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的時(shí)候,比如1929年的華爾街大衰退,裙擺可以在一夜之間長(zhǎng)及腳踝。
很多設(shè)計(jì)師都反駁這一觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)他們展示的時(shí)裝風(fēng)格沒(méi)有太多影響。但同時(shí)他們也承認(rèn),在萊曼兄弟破產(chǎn)的消息傳出后,設(shè)計(jì)師們幾乎不約而同地開(kāi)始使用黑色和中性的色調(diào)。
領(lǐng)帶指數(shù)
領(lǐng)帶銷(xiāo)售多寡與經(jīng)濟(jì)盛衰成反比,銷(xiāo)售高意味經(jīng)濟(jì)不振,表明更多男性要身著正裝去求職,需要領(lǐng)帶的“配合”。
The Great Depression gave us the hemline index; the recession of the early 1990s produced the lipstick index; and now today’s crisis has spawned its very own fashion barometer: the tie index.
經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條帶來(lái)了裙擺指數(shù);90年代初的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退產(chǎn)生了“口紅指數(shù)”;而如今的危機(jī)催生了又一個(gè)新的時(shí)尚晴雨表:領(lǐng)帶指數(shù)。
《金融時(shí)報(bào)》稱(chēng),在英國(guó),領(lǐng)帶銷(xiāo)量開(kāi)始上升,標(biāo)志著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代誕生的“休閑星期五”風(fēng)潮(“casual Friday” ethos)的徹底終結(jié)?!邦I(lǐng)帶效應(yīng)”說(shuō)明,人們?yōu)楸3志蜆I(yè)形象進(jìn)行投資是值得的。
啤酒指數(shù)
市場(chǎng)上有啤酒銷(xiāo)量萎縮經(jīng)濟(jì)必然低迷的看法。當(dāng)失業(yè)率上升,企業(yè)隨時(shí)裁員,作為一家之主的男性沒(méi)心情與同伴吹水轟飲,大多買(mǎi)酒回家消愁,但在家中不能痛快狂飲更不能爛醉,于是啤酒銷(xiāo)量大幅降低。
The frothy stuff might not be considered by most to be a luxury good, but when it comes to the basics at the grocery store, it seems to almost fall into the 'can live without' category. It turns out that recessions don't necessarily lead to a drop in demand; they lead to a different type of demand. Consumers switch from more expensive beer to the less expensive varieties, just like consumers switch from name-brand goods to the store-brand version. The consumption is there, but it's of the cheaper alternative.
大多數(shù)人可能不認(rèn)為啤酒是奢侈品,但當(dāng)談到雜貨店的基本用品時(shí),它似乎幾乎屬于“沒(méi)有它也能活”的商品。但事實(shí)證明,經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退不一定意味著需求的必然下降;它們也會(huì)刺激不同類(lèi)型的需求。消費(fèi)者從更貴的啤酒轉(zhuǎn)向更便宜的種類(lèi),就像消費(fèi)者從名牌商品轉(zhuǎn)向商店品牌版本一樣。消費(fèi)是存在的,但這是一個(gè)更便宜的選擇。
票房指數(shù)
“票房指數(shù)(The box office indicator)”是指,嚴(yán)峻的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境反而能夠有效促進(jìn)票房走高。
研究者認(rèn)為,在經(jīng)濟(jì)不樂(lè)觀時(shí)期,那種既能夠滿(mǎn)足消費(fèi)者心理慰藉需求,價(jià)格又低到能消費(fèi)得起的產(chǎn)品,往往能獲得更好的市場(chǎng)待遇,影院能夠讓人沉浸其中而獲得短暫的心理慰藉。
The Great Depression, the September 11 terrorist attacks, and the recessions of the early 1980s and 2001 all did wonders for Hollywood coffers. Turns out, in trying times we like things to be cheap and we like to be transported from the headlines - movies do both, say box-office analysts.
大蕭條、“9·11”恐怖襲擊以及20世紀(jì)80年代初和2001年的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退都為好萊塢創(chuàng)造了票房奇跡。分析人士稱(chēng),事實(shí)證明,在困難時(shí)期,人們喜歡便宜的東西,也喜歡從頭條新聞中解脫——電影兼?zhèn)溥@兩種特質(zhì)。
"People need an escape from their daily troubles in times of economic woe," said Paul Dergarabedian, president of box-office tracker Media By Numbers. Movies, of course, also have to be good and aggressively hyped.
“在經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的時(shí)候,人們需要從日常煩惱中脫離,”票房追蹤數(shù)媒公司總裁保羅·德加拉貝迪安說(shuō)。保羅補(bǔ)充說(shuō),當(dāng)然,電影也必須是好的,而且要大肆炒作。
“意料之外,情理之中”,這些經(jīng)濟(jì)理論有趣在于它們和人們的生活息息相關(guān)。你還知道哪些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論?分享出來(lái)吧~
編輯:陳月華
來(lái)源:南華早報(bào) FASHION 赫芬頓郵報(bào)等