天問一號 Tianwen 1

2月12日，舉國歡慶農(nóng)歷新年之際，國家航天局發(fā)布我國首次火星探測任務(wù)“天問一號”探測器火星捕獲過程影像。

The video fully recorded Mars gradually entering the field of view, the slight vibration of the probe after the engine was ignited, and the probe's flight from Mars day to Mars night. The solar wing, directional antenna, Martian atmosphere, and surface morphology are visible in the video.
影像完整記錄了火星進(jìn)出視野、發(fā)動機點火后探測器輕微震動和探測器從火星白天飛入黑夜的過程，太陽翼、定向天線、火星大氣層及表面形貌清晰可見。

2021年2月10日19時52分，我國首次火星探測任務(wù)“天問一號”探測器實施近火捕獲制動（braking near Mars），環(huán)繞器3000牛軌控發(fā)動機點火工作約15分鐘，探測器順利進(jìn)入近火點高度約400千米，周期約10個地球日，傾角約10°的大橢圓環(huán)火軌道（enter an elliptical orbit around Mars），成為我國第一顆人造火星衛(wèi)星，實現(xiàn)“繞、著、巡”目標(biāo)的第一步，環(huán)繞火星成功。

國家航天局的專家介紹：

After entering orbit around Mars, Tianwen-1 will brake to adjust the orbital inclination of the flight at the apoareion, the highest point of the orbit around Mars.
“天問一號”進(jìn)入到環(huán)火軌道，在遠(yuǎn)火點進(jìn)行一次平面機動，調(diào)整飛行的軌道傾角。

Tianwen-1 will then brake at the periareion, the point in the orbit that is closest to Mars, and adjust its orbital period to ensure that the spacecraft's track passes the preset landing site.
當(dāng)回到近火點時，它就要慢踩剎車，對軌道周期進(jìn)行相應(yīng)調(diào)整，以保證軌跡經(jīng)過預(yù)定的著陸點。

When the Chinese probe reaches the periareion for the second time, it will brake again to perform an orbital maneuver and make sure the lander and rover of Tianwen-1 can complete the landing on Mars at the scheduled time and place.
當(dāng)“天問一號”在停泊調(diào)相軌道上再次到達(dá)近火點時，需要再次剎車，進(jìn)入停泊軌道，并在該軌道上進(jìn)行多次調(diào)整，保證著陸器和巡視器在預(yù)先設(shè)定的時間、地點著陸火星。

It is expected to land on Mars in May or June. Chinese space engineers and scientists have chosen a relatively flat region in the southern part of the Utopia Planitia, a large plain, as the potential landing zone. A rover will be released after the landing to conduct scientific exploration.
“天問一號”計劃于2021年5月至6月間擇機實施火星著陸。我國航天科研人員已經(jīng)在火星上的“烏托邦平原”南部選定了一塊相對平坦的區(qū)域作為著陸點。著陸后，巡視器將開展科研探測。

China's Tianwen 1 probe entered its preset parking orbit above Mars on Wednesday and will fly in this orbit for about three months, said the China National Space Administration.國家航天局表示，2月24日，“天問一號”探測器進(jìn)入預(yù)定的火星停泊軌道。探測器將在停泊軌道上運行約3個月。

電影票房 box office

At 8:46 pm on Monday, China has just set a new Spring Festival record by accumulating a box office total of around 6 billion yuan during the holiday, including presale tickets, according to the live movie information tracing app Beacon. The figure surpassed the former same-period record of 5.905 billion yuan in 2019.
據(jù)燈塔實時數(shù)據(jù)，2月15日晚20時46分，2021春節(jié)檔期內(nèi)(2月11-17日)總票房(含預(yù)售)破60億元，超過2019年春節(jié)檔59.05億元的票房，創(chuàng)下新紀(jì)錄。

【詞匯講解】

說幾個跟record（紀(jì)錄）相關(guān)的搭配：set/make a record（創(chuàng)下紀(jì)錄），break a record（打破紀(jì)錄），beat/smash/shatter a previous record均表示“打破此前的紀(jì)錄”，與break a record意思類似，只不過用詞更加生動形象，避免重復(fù)。

另外補充兩個跟record相關(guān)的固定短語：off the record （私下說的；不供發(fā)表的），比如：She made it clear that her comments were strictly off the record.（她說得很清楚，她的這些評論絕不許對外公布）；on the record （公開發(fā)表；公開表明），比如：None of the company directors were prepared to comment on the record yesterday.（昨天，公司沒有一個董事準(zhǔn)備公開發(fā)表意見）。

春節(jié)檔幾部影片的具體表現(xiàn)如何？

Detective Chinatown 3, the third installment of the title franchise, which is about a couple of amateur detectives' adventures in solving mysteries, has soared as this festival's box-office champion by bringing in around 3 billion yuan despite receiving mixed reviews.
《唐探3》，也是該系列的第三部影片，評價褒貶不一，但仍然收獲30億左右票房，成為春節(jié)檔票房冠軍。唐探系列影片講的是幾個業(yè)余偵探在探案過程中的冒險故事。

Hi, Mom, widely regarded as the top dark horse thanks to its tear-jerking depiction of mother-daughter affection, has earned 1.7 billion yuan in rising to the second slot. The film is the directorial debut of comedy actress-turned-filmmaker Jia Ling.
《你好，李煥英》憑借展現(xiàn)母女情的催淚情節(jié)成為公認(rèn)的春節(jié)檔黑馬，收獲17億元的票房，位列票房收入第二位。該片是喜劇演員賈玲的導(dǎo)演處女作。

【單詞講解】

Debut這個詞讀作[de??bju]，可以用作動詞、名詞或形容詞，均表示“初次、首次”的意思，比如：She made her professional stage debut in Swan Lake.（她憑借《天鵝湖》首次在專業(yè)舞臺亮相）；Her new detective series will be her debut on the small screen.（她新拍的偵探劇將是她的小熒幕首秀）；This song will be debuted next Saturday night.（下周六晚，這首歌首發(fā)）；She made her debut album in 1973.（她在1973年發(fā)布首張專輯）。

Director Lu Yang's A Writer's Odyssey, a boldly imaginative visualization of a horrible fantasy world, has taken the third seat with 410 million yuan.
路陽導(dǎo)演的《刺殺小說家》以4.1億票房收入位列第三，該片用大膽的想象展現(xiàn)了一個虛幻的恐怖世界。

春節(jié)檔影片票價為何偏高

As an anti-epidemic measure, authorities are requiring theaters in low-risk areas to limit seating to 75 percent of capacity.
主管部門要求低風(fēng)險地區(qū)影劇院采取防控措施，將上座率控制在75%。

首都電影院副總經(jīng)理表示：

Most cinemas in big cities have raised ticket prices since there are more moviegoers but fewer seats. Besides, they have extra costs for pandemic-prevention items.
大城市的多數(shù)影院都提高了票價，因為觀眾多、座位少。而且，影院也要承擔(dān)防疫用品的額外支出。

歐盟最大貿(mào)易伙伴 the EU's biggest trading partner

歐盟統(tǒng)計局近日發(fā)布的貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國在2020年首次超越美國（overtake the US），成為歐盟最大貿(mào)易伙伴（the EU's biggest trading partner）。

According to the EU's statistical service, the bloc's imports from China throughout the year 2020 grew by 5.6 percent year-on-year to 383.5 billion euros ($465 billion), and exports grew by 2.2 percent to 202.5 billion euros.
歐盟統(tǒng)計局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2020年歐盟與中國進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易實現(xiàn)雙增長，其中從中國進(jìn)口商品3835億歐元，同比增長5.6%；向中國出口商品2025億歐元，同比增長2.2%。

【單詞講解】

在統(tǒng)計類的報道中，我們經(jīng)常會看到“同比”這個表述，其實就是用當(dāng)前的數(shù)據(jù)跟上一年年同期的數(shù)據(jù)相比?！巴取庇⑽挠眯稳菰~year-on-year或者副詞短語year on year表示，比如：There were 2.95 million delivery staff at Meituan Dianping at the end of June, an increase of 16.4 percent year-on-year（今年6月底，美團(tuán)點評共有外賣人員295萬，同比增加了16.4%）。In July, the share price has grown 20% year on year.（7月份，股票價格同比上漲了20%）。

此前，美國是歐盟第一大貿(mào)易伙伴。

The EU's trade with the US saw a substantial decline both ways in 2020, according to Eurostat.
歐盟統(tǒng)計局表示，2020年歐盟對美國進(jìn)出口雙雙下降。

Trade with the United States recorded a significant drop in both imports (-13.2%) and exports (-8.2%).
歐盟自美國進(jìn)口商品同比下降13.2%；對美國出口商品下降8.2%。

在歐盟前十大貨物貿(mào)易伙伴中，中國是唯一實現(xiàn)貿(mào)易雙向增長的。

China was the only major global economy to see growth in 2020, stoking demand for European cars and luxury goods.
中國是2020年唯一實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟增長的全球主要經(jīng)濟體，對歐洲汽車和奢侈品的需求進(jìn)一步增加。

【單詞講解】

這里表達(dá)“催生需求”時用了一個很地道的動詞stoke，這個詞本意是“stir up a fire; supply with fuel”，即“撥動火堆使其燒得更旺；添加燃料”，由此引申出了“激起、煽動、促進(jìn)”等意思，比如：The new ad campaign has helped to stoke sales（新的廣告宣傳活動幫助提升了銷量），在這個語境下，stoke與boost意思相近，可以替換使用。

Meanwhile, China's exports to Europe benefited from strong demand for medical equipment and electronics.
與此同時，中國對歐洲的出口得益于對醫(yī)療設(shè)備和電子產(chǎn)品的強勁需求。

德國咨詢公司Sinolytics的主任龍信鑫（Jost Wuebbeke）分析稱：

The extended lockdown in Europe created a huge demand for electronics, entertainment and health care goods, many of which are manufactured in China.
歐洲漫長的封鎖期制造了對電子產(chǎn)品、娛樂產(chǎn)品以及醫(yī)療保健產(chǎn)品的巨大需求，其中很多產(chǎn)品都是中國制造。

中國駐歐盟使團(tuán)團(tuán)長張明表示，

The surge in China-EU trade fully speaks for the strong resilience of China-EU economic and trade cooperation.
中國躍升為歐盟第一大貿(mào)易伙伴，充分體現(xiàn)了中歐經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的強勁韌性。

戍邊英雄 border-defending hero

《解放軍報》刊發(fā)了反映中印邊境任務(wù)部隊官兵衛(wèi)國戍邊先進(jìn)事跡的報道，證實在去年6月的中印邊境沖突中，中方有4名官兵犧牲，1名團(tuán)長重傷。

The Central Military Commission issued commendations to the servicemen for their role in bravely fighting back hostilities provoked by foreign forces at the Galwan Valley.The title of "border-defending hero" was conferred on Battalion Commander Chen Hongjun posthumously, while Chen Xiangrong, Xiao Siyuan and Wang Zhuoran received first-class merit. Qi Fabao, who was seriously injured in the skirmish, received the title of "hero regiment commander for defending the border."
中央軍委向在加勒萬河谷地區(qū)英勇回?fù)敉廛姁阂馓翎叺墓俦谟铇s譽稱號，追授營長陳紅軍“衛(wèi)國戍邊英雄”榮譽稱號，給陳祥榕、肖思遠(yuǎn)、王焯冉追記一等功，在沖突中受重傷的祁發(fā)寶被授予“衛(wèi)國戍邊英雄團(tuán)長”榮譽稱號。

【單詞講解】

這里的commendation是動詞commend的名詞形式，表示“表揚、贊揚、嘉獎”等意思，是一個比較正式的用詞，比如： His poetry is highly commended by other writers（他的詩得到其他作者的高度贊揚）。因此，issue commendations to someone就是“向某人授予榮譽、嘉獎”，“一等功”為first-class merit，二等功和三等功可以以此類推為second-class merit和third-class merit。

文中的posthumously表示“在某人過世后”，是一個副詞，比如：His last novel was published posthumously（他的最后一部小說在他過世以后才出版）。

國防部新聞發(fā)言人任國強表示：

The motherland and the people will always remember the heroes and martyrs who sacrificed their lives and sustained injuries for the nation, and their family members will be rendered proper care.
對于為國犧牲和負(fù)傷的英雄烈士，祖國永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記，人民永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。英雄烈士們的家人會得到妥善的安排和照顧。

Indian troops crossed the Line of Actual Control illegally last June to spark provocation, and violently attacked the Chinese personnel who were there for negotiation, Ren said, stressing that India should bear full responsibility for deliberately triggering conflict at the Galwan Valley and causing casualties.
2020年6月印軍非法越線、率先挑釁、暴力攻擊中方前出交涉人員，蓄意制造了加勒萬河谷沖突，造成雙方人員傷亡，責(zé)任完全在印方。

After the conflict, China exercised restraint for the sake of overall relations between the two countries and the armed forces, and took measures to ease tensions, Ren said.
沖突發(fā)生后，中方為維護(hù)兩國兩軍關(guān)系大局，推動局勢降溫緩和，保持了高度克制。

However, the Indian side repeatedly exaggerated and stirred up the casualties, distorted the truth, misled international public opinions, and slandered Chinese border troops, Ren added.
但印方多次渲染炒作有關(guān)傷亡事件，歪曲事實真相，誤導(dǎo)國際輿論，污蔑中國邊防部隊官兵。

Chinese media coverage of the heroic deeds is objective and will help the international community learn about the truth and distinguish right from wrong, Ren noted.
中國媒體對英雄事跡進(jìn)行公開報道，是客觀報道事實的媒體責(zé)任，有利于澄清真相，以正視聽，讓世人看清其中的是非曲直。

【詞匯講解】

動詞distinguish表示“辨別，區(qū)分”等意思，常用的搭配是distinguish A from B，即“區(qū)分A和B”，比如這里的distinguish right from wrong就是“分辨是非曲直”。此外，distinguish還有“使出名，使不同于...”的意思，比如：They distinguished themselves as pioneers of hip-hop（他們作為嘻哈音樂的先鋒人物廣為人知），所以在一些會議的致辭中經(jīng)常會聽到“distinguished guests”這樣的稱謂，其實就是比較有名氣或有影響力的賓客。

China's position on the boundary issue with India is consistent, clear, and sincere, Ren said, adding that China has always been committed to resolving disputes through dialogue and negotiation and working towards cooling down the situation in a bid to restore peace and tranquility in the border areas as soon as possible.
中方對解決中印邊境問題的立場是清晰的、一貫的、真誠的，始終致力于通過對話談判解決爭端，始終致力于盡快推動局勢降溫緩和，盡快恢復(fù)中印邊境地區(qū)和平安寧。

外交部發(fā)言人華春瑩表示：

China has published relevant reports and revealed the truth on the border clashes with India, and this will help people understand the truth and the rights and wrongs of these events.
中方媒體刊發(fā)反映中印邊境任務(wù)部隊官兵衛(wèi)國戍邊先進(jìn)事跡的報道，公布加勒萬河谷沖突事件事實真相，有利于人們了解事實經(jīng)緯和是非曲直。

Noting that the responsibility for the border incident between China and India in the Galwan Valley last June does not lie with the Chinese side, Hua said the incident caused casualties, and in order to maintain the overall relationship between the two countries, China has maintained a high degree of restraint in easing up and cooling down the situation, an approach that shows China's tolerance and sense of responsibility as a responsible major country.
去年6月發(fā)生了加勒萬河谷沖突事件，造成了雙方人員傷亡，責(zé)任完全在印方。中方為維護(hù)兩國兩軍關(guān)系大局，推動局勢降溫緩和，保持了高度克制，體現(xiàn)了中國作為負(fù)責(zé)任大國的氣度擔(dān)當(dāng)。

However, the Indian side has repeatedly hyped up the casualties, distorted the truth and misled international public opinion, she said.
但印方多次渲染炒作有關(guān)傷亡事件，歪曲事實真相，誤導(dǎo)國際輿論。

"Now the PLA Daily has published relevant reports and revealed the truth. I believe it will help people to understand the truth and the rights and wrongs of the events. It is also a tribute to the bravery of the heroes and martyrs defending the country on the border," Hua said.
現(xiàn)在《解放軍報》刊發(fā)有關(guān)報道，公布事實真相，有利于人們了解事實經(jīng)緯和是非曲直，也是對衛(wèi)國戍邊英雄官兵的應(yīng)有敬意。

She stressed that China always maintains a consistent position on resolving the border issue, and is always committed to properly resolving disputes through dialogue while maintaining peace and stability in the border area.
中方對解決中印邊境問題的立場是清晰的、一貫的，中方始終致力于通過對話妥善解決爭端，維護(hù)邊境地區(qū)的和平穩(wěn)定。

"We hope to work with the Indian side to maintain peace and tranquility in the border area and promote the long-term, healthy and stable development of bilateral relations. I think it is in the common interests of the two peoples," Hua said.
希望印方同中方共同努力，致力于維護(hù)中印邊境地區(qū)和平安寧，推動兩國關(guān)系長期健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，這符合兩國人民的共同利益。

中央一號文件 No. 1 central document

21世紀(jì)以來第18個指導(dǎo)“三農(nóng)”工作的中央一號文件《中共中央 國務(wù)院關(guān)于全面推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興加快農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化的意見》2月21日發(fā)布。

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025), the Communist Party of China will regard work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers as its top priority, said the document.
文件指出，“十四五”時期，要堅持把解決好“三農(nóng)”問題作為全黨工作重中之重。

"China will make the comprehensive advancement of rural vitalization a major task in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and will speed up the modernization of agriculture and the countryside with the efforts of the whole Party and society," according to the document.
文件指出，要把全面推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興作為實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的一項重大任務(wù)，舉全黨全社會之力加快農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化。

【知識點】

中央一號文件（No. 1 central document）指中共中央每年發(fā)布的第一份文件（the first policy statement released by central authorities each year）。中共中央在2004年至2021年連續(xù)十八年發(fā)布以“三農(nóng)”（農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民）為主題的中央一號文件，強調(diào)了“三農(nóng)”問題（issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers）在中國社會主義現(xiàn)代化時期“重中之重”的地位。

文件列出的目標(biāo)任務(wù)包括：

This year, the country will keep its sown areas stable, with the grain output to exceed 650 billion kg, further improve the quality of agricultural products and food safety, and ensure that the growth of farmers' incomes outpaces that of urban residents, said the document.
2021年，糧食播種面積保持穩(wěn)定、產(chǎn)量達(dá)到1.3萬億斤以上，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和食品安全水平進(jìn)一步提高，農(nóng)民收入增長繼續(xù)快于城鎮(zhèn)居民。

The country will also start implementing the plan on the modernization of agriculture and the countryside, and further promote reforms in rural areas.
農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化規(guī)劃啟動實施，農(nóng)村改革重點任務(wù)深入推進(jìn)。

By 2025, China will see substantial progress in the modernization of agriculture and the countryside, with achievements seen for a more solid agricultural foundation, a narrower income gap between rural and urban residents, and basically realizing agricultural modernization where conditions permit, said the document.
到2025年，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化取得重要進(jìn)展，農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)更加穩(wěn)固，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距持續(xù)縮小，有條件的地區(qū)率先基本實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。

文件其他要點包括：

實現(xiàn)鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果同鄉(xiāng)村振興有效銜接

China will set a five-year transition period for counties that have shaken off poverty and gradually shift the policy focus from poverty alleviation toward comprehensively promoting rural vitalization.
脫貧攻堅目標(biāo)任務(wù)完成后，對擺脫貧困的縣，從脫貧之日起設(shè)立5年過渡期，逐步實現(xiàn)由脫貧攻堅向全面推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興平穩(wěn)過渡。

The country will continue to consolidate poverty alleviation outcomes, promote rural vitalization in areas that have shaken off poverty, and strengthen assistance for low-income rural residents on a regular basis, said the document.
持續(xù)鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果，接續(xù)推進(jìn)脫貧地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村振興，加強農(nóng)村低收入人口常態(tài)化幫扶。

加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化

The document stresses the country's ability to ensure the supply of grain and major agricultural products, including stabilizing the sown area of grain and improving the yield per unit area, accelerating the building of a modern breeding system, promoting green and healthy aquaculture, and optimizing the trade of agricultural products.
提升糧食和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給保障能力，要穩(wěn)定糧食播種面積、提高單產(chǎn)水平，加快構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代養(yǎng)殖體系，推進(jìn)水產(chǎn)綠色健康養(yǎng)殖，優(yōu)化農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易布局。

The protection, development and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources should be strengthened and the implementation of major scientific and technological projects in agricultural biological breeding should be accelerated.
加強農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源保護(hù)開發(fā)利用，加快實施農(nóng)業(yè)生物育種重大科技項目。

The document emphasizes that the country must retain a "red line" of 1.8 billion mu (120 million hectares) of arable land. The construction of 100 million mu of high-standard farmland with high and stable yields regardless of drought and flood will be complete this year.
堅決守住18億畝耕地紅線。2021年建設(shè)1億畝旱澇保收、高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田。

【單詞講解】

這里的red line也可以寫作redline，指“a recommended safety limit”（安全線），也就是說，耕地面積如果低于這個水平，就可能會危及糧食安全。此外，在談判或交戰(zhàn)的情況下，red line也可以表示某一方能夠容忍的最大限度，即“底線”，常用的搭配是cross a red line，比如：The use of chemical weapons in the conflict will cross a red line and trigger immediate intervention（沖突中使用化學(xué)武器是越線行為，會立即觸發(fā)干涉行為）。

Efforts should also be made to strengthen the support provided to modern agriculture by science, technology and equipment, to establish agricultural modernization demonstration zones, with the total number to reach about 500 by 2025, and to advance the green development of agriculture, according to the document.
強化現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技和物質(zhì)裝備支撐。把農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化示范區(qū)作為推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的重要抓手，到2025年創(chuàng)建500個左右示范區(qū)。推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展。

大力實施鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)行動

China will vigorously implement an action plan for rural construction, setting targets for better rural public infrastructure and basic public services, stronger rural consumption, and faster integrated urban-rural development within counties, among others, according to the document.
大力實施鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)行動。加強鄉(xiāng)村公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，提升農(nóng)村基本公共服務(wù)水平。全面促進(jìn)農(nóng)村消費，加快縣域內(nèi)城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展。