2月，恰逢新春佳節(jié)。就地過年的大背景下，春運(yùn)客流下降，春節(jié)檔電影票房卻異?；鸨?。
北京冬奧會(huì)、冬殘奧會(huì)火炬發(fā)布，河南春晚《唐宮夜宴》舞蹈節(jié)目出圈，我國(guó)宣布取得脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)全面勝利，天問一號(hào)火星探測(cè)器進(jìn)入環(huán)火軌道，戍邊英雄事跡報(bào)道感動(dòng)全國(guó)。

春運(yùn) Spring Festival travel rush

在國(guó)家就地過年政策的作用下，今年鐵路春運(yùn)客流總體大幅下降。

The number of railway passenger trips took a nosedive in the first three days of the Spring Festival travel season amid stringent epidemic control measures, data from the national railway operator showed Sunday.
國(guó)鐵集團(tuán)1月31日發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在嚴(yán)格的疫情防控措施背景下，今年春運(yùn)前三天鐵路客流明顯下降。

【單詞講解】

這里的nosedive是很形象的一個(gè)詞，從字面意思可以理解為“鼻子朝下跳水”，字典里一般解釋為“俯沖”，并由此延伸出“驟降，急劇下跌”等意思，用作動(dòng)詞或名詞都可以，比如：Stock prices took a nosedive（股價(jià)暴跌）；Profits nosedived in the last quarter（最后一個(gè)季度，利潤(rùn)暴跌）；The plane went into a nosedive without warning（飛機(jī)毫無預(yù)兆地來了個(gè)俯沖）。

Passengers made 2.96 million railway trips on Saturday, while a total of 3.08 million and 2.83 million trips were registered on Thursday and Friday, respectively, according to the China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (China Railway).
國(guó)鐵集團(tuán)表示，1月28日、29日和30日，春運(yùn)前三天，全國(guó)鐵路發(fā)送旅客分別為308萬、283萬和296萬人次。

The company said on Sunday, the fourth day of the travel rush, 2.9 million passenger trips were expected to be made, a year-on-year decrease of 75 percent.
1月31日，春運(yùn)進(jìn)入第四天，全國(guó)鐵路預(yù)計(jì)發(fā)送旅客290萬人次，同比下降75%。

【單詞講解】

在一些統(tǒng)計(jì)類的報(bào)道中，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)看到“環(huán)比”、“同比”這樣的表述，這兩種比較方式的區(qū)別在于：環(huán)比，就是跟上一個(gè)周期比；同比，就是跟去年同期比。如果用今年1月的數(shù)據(jù)跟去年1月的數(shù)據(jù)相比就是“同比”，英文用形容詞year-on-year或者副詞短語year on year表示，上文中的a year-on-year decrease of 75 percent也可以改為decrease 75 percent year on year；而1月的鐵路客流量與12月的相比，就是“環(huán)比”，可以用形容詞形式month-on-month或者副詞形式的month on month來表示，比如：the number of passenger trips saw a month-on-month increase of 30 percent in January。

In light of sporadic resurgence of COVID-19 cases and measures to reduce people's movement, the group previously lowered its estimate of railway passenger trips from 407 million to 296 million for the travel peak.
鑒于新冠肺炎疫情散發(fā)以及各地實(shí)行減少人員流動(dòng)的各項(xiàng)措施，國(guó)鐵集團(tuán)已將春運(yùn)期間預(yù)計(jì)發(fā)送的旅客數(shù)量由此前的4.07億人次降低為2.96億人次。

一證通行、無接觸服務(wù)保障春運(yùn)安全

Electronic tickets are used in most railway stations across the country, and passengers can check in with their ID cards or through facial recognition.
全國(guó)大部分火車站均可使用電子車票，乘客可使用身份證或刷臉進(jìn)站乘車。

Passengers are urged to practice social distancing at the waiting halls.
在候車大廳，督促乘客保持安全距離。

Online food ordering service is also available so that passengers can get their deliveries at their boarding stations.
旅客可以通過在線訂餐服務(wù)下單，然后在始發(fā)站取餐。

中小學(xué)生手機(jī)禁止入校 mobile phone ban for primary and secondary school students

教育部辦公廳印發(fā)了《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)生手機(jī)管理工作的通知》。

Primary and secondary school students will not be allowed to bring mobile phones to schools, according to the circular from the Ministry of Education (MOE).
教育部發(fā)布的通知明確，中小學(xué)生原則上不得將個(gè)人手機(jī)帶入校園。

【單詞講解】

這里用primary and secondary school表示“中小學(xué)”，具體來說，primary school通常指代“小學(xué)”，也可以用elementary school來替換，而secondary school指“介于小學(xué)和大學(xué)之間的教育機(jī)構(gòu)”，即“中學(xué)”，是各類中等教育學(xué)校的統(tǒng)稱，既包括普通的初高中，也包括職高、技校等教育機(jī)構(gòu)。我們更加熟悉的middle school在英語國(guó)家通常指“五年級(jí)（或六年級(jí)）到八年級(jí)的學(xué)?！?，即“初中”。

通知明確：

If students do need to bring mobile phones to school, a written application should be submitted to school authorities along with consent from their parents.
學(xué)生確有將手機(jī)帶入校園需求的，須經(jīng)學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)同意、書面提出申請(qǐng)。

Once the application has been approved, students should hand in their mobile phones to relevant school authorities upon arrival. The phones will be kept together and should by no means be allowed into classrooms, according to the circular.
申請(qǐng)一旦獲批，學(xué)生進(jìn)校后應(yīng)將手機(jī)交由學(xué)校統(tǒng)一保管，禁止帶入課堂。

【詞匯講解】

這里的by no means表達(dá)的是絕對(duì)的否定“決不”，與其相似的另一個(gè)短語by all means則表示“必定、一定”這樣肯定的意思，比如：By all means, come to our party if you end up being free on Saturday night!（周六晚上如果能抽出空，一定要來我們的派對(duì)），此外，by all means還可以表示“想盡一切辦法、千方百計(jì)”等意思，比如：There will be a lot of people at this event, but we need to court that one big investor by all means.（這個(gè)活動(dòng)來的人會(huì)很多，但我們要想盡一切辦法抓住那個(gè)大投資人）。

Schools should not assign or ask students to do homework via mobile phones and they should set up public phones and teacher hotlines for communication between parents and students, it added.
老師不得使用手機(jī)布置作業(yè)或要求學(xué)生利用手機(jī)完成作業(yè)。學(xué)校應(yīng)通過設(shè)立校內(nèi)公共電話、班主任溝通熱線等途徑，解決學(xué)生與家長(zhǎng)通話需求。

教育部表示，

The notice aims to protect students' eyesight, make sure they focus on study and prevent them from becoming addictive to the internet and online games.
印發(fā)該通知意在保護(hù)學(xué)生視力，讓學(xué)生在學(xué)校專心學(xué)習(xí)，防止沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)和游戲。

李子柒 Li Ziqi

2021年1月25日，短視頻博主@李子柒再次刷新吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄。

The official Sina Weibo account of the Guinness World Records announced on Tuesday that Chinese vlogger Li Ziqi broke the world record for “Most subscribers for a Chinese language channel on YouTube” set by herself with 14.1 million subscribers on Jan 25.
吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄官方微博2月2日宣布，1月25日，中國(guó)短視頻博主@李子柒 以1410萬的YouTube訂閱量刷新了由她創(chuàng)下的“最多訂閱量的YouTube中文頻道”的吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄稱號(hào)。

【單詞講解】

這里的subscriber指視頻頻道的“訂閱用戶”，而我們打電話時(shí)聽到的“the subscriber you dialed is busy now”中subscriber指的是“電信服務(wù)用戶”，所以，這個(gè)詞通常表示“付費(fèi)給某個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)以得到某種定期服務(wù)的人”，來自于動(dòng)詞形式subscribe，而“訂閱”這個(gè)行為或服務(wù)就是subscription。不過，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)內(nèi)容大量涌現(xiàn)的今天，很多內(nèi)容服務(wù)都是可以免費(fèi)訂閱的。當(dāng)然，也有一些提供付費(fèi)訂閱服務(wù)的平臺(tái)。

付費(fèi)訂閱（pay-to-read/paid content）服務(wù)一般分為：?jiǎn)未斡嗛啠╬ay as you read）、周訂閱（weekly subscription service）、包月訂閱（monthly subscription service）、包年訂閱（yearly subscription service）等。

吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄官方微博表示：

The poetic idyllic life and profound traditional Chinese culture in Li Ziqi's videos have attracted fans from all over the world, with many YouTube fans expressing their admiration under her videos.
李子柒視頻中充滿詩意的田園生活和博大精深的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化吸引了來自世界各地的粉絲，不少YouTube粉絲在她的視頻下留言贊嘆。

The Chinese culture conveyed in her videos is going further abroad.
她的視頻所傳遞的中華文化也正在走向更遠(yuǎn)的地方。

去年7月首創(chuàng)世界紀(jì)錄

Li uploaded her first video on YouTube, about how to make a dress using the cloth dyed with color extracted from grape skin, in 2017.
2017年，李子柒在YouTube發(fā)布第一支視頻“用葡萄皮染的布做裙子”。

She went viral overseas afterwards with her short videos about cooking Chinese food, making traditional Chinese handicrafts such as embroidery and living an idyllic rural life in China.
之后，她用短視頻展現(xiàn)中國(guó)食物的烹制過程、制作刺繡等傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)手工藝品以及鄉(xiāng)村田園生活，在海外走紅。

【詞匯講解】

“走紅”有兩個(gè)常用的英文表達(dá)，一個(gè)是go viral，另一個(gè)是become a hit。前者表示某件事或者現(xiàn)象就像病毒一樣迅速傳播開來，所以用viral這個(gè)詞，它是virus（病毒）的形容詞形式；后者當(dāng)中的hit作名詞時(shí)本身就有“風(fēng)行一時(shí)的事物”之意。比如：Some apps can quickly go viral and gain millions of users.（有些應(yīng)用程序會(huì)迅速走紅并獲得數(shù)百萬的用戶。）The song became a massive hit in 1998.（這首歌在1998年風(fēng)靡大江南北。）

On July 16 last year, she had 11.4 million subscribers on YouTube, breaking the Guinness record at the time.
2020年7月16日，李子柒獲得1140萬的YouTube訂閱，打破了當(dāng)時(shí)的吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄。

新冠肺炎疫苗實(shí)施計(jì)劃 COVAX

At the request of the World Health Organization (WHO), China has decided to provide 10 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines to COVAX, mainly to meet the urgent need in developing countries. This is another important measure taken by China to promote equitable distribution of vaccines, advance international cooperation in fighting the pandemic, and apply the vision of a community of common health for all.
應(yīng)世衛(wèi)組織方面請(qǐng)求，中方?jīng)Q定向“新冠肺炎疫苗實(shí)施計(jì)劃”提供1000萬劑疫苗，主要用于發(fā)展中國(guó)家急需。這是中方促進(jìn)疫苗公平分配，推進(jìn)國(guó)際抗疫合作，踐行人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體理念的又一重要舉措。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

2020年10月8日，中國(guó)同全球疫苗免疫聯(lián)盟簽署協(xié)議，正式加入“新冠肺炎疫苗實(shí)施計(jì)劃（COVAX）”。這是中國(guó)秉持人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體理念（uphold the concept of a shared community of health for all）、履行自身承諾推動(dòng)疫苗成為全球公共產(chǎn)品（turn COVID-19 vaccines into a global public good）的一個(gè)重要舉措。

“新冠肺炎疫苗實(shí)施計(jì)劃”由世界衛(wèi)生組織和全球疫苗免疫聯(lián)盟、流行病防范創(chuàng)新聯(lián)盟共同牽頭成立，擬于2021年底前向全球提供20億劑新冠肺炎疫苗（the initial aim is to have 2 billion doses available by the end of 2021），供應(yīng)給“自費(fèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)體（higher-income self-financing countries）”和“受資助經(jīng)濟(jì)體（lower-income funded nations）”。包括我國(guó)在內(nèi)的“自費(fèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)體”需向該計(jì)劃承諾為本經(jīng)濟(jì)體一定比例人口購(gòu)買疫苗并繳納預(yù)付款，而“受資助經(jīng)濟(jì)體”無須繳納預(yù)付款，同時(shí)享受該計(jì)劃補(bǔ)貼。

汪文斌表示：

The WHO has started to review emergency use authorization for Chinese vaccines. The Chinese companies involved will continue to offer their close coordination. We hope that the WHO will finish the review process as soon as possible.
世衛(wèi)組織已開始審核中國(guó)疫苗的緊急使用授權(quán)。中國(guó)企業(yè)將繼續(xù)積極配合。希望世衛(wèi)組織盡早完成這項(xiàng)工作。

We hope that countries, with the capacity to do so, will take actions to actively support COVAX and the work of the WHO, help developing countries access vaccines in a timely manner, and make their due contributions to mankind's early victory over the pandemic.
我們希望國(guó)際社會(huì)有能力的國(guó)家都積極行動(dòng)起來，以實(shí)際行動(dòng)支持“實(shí)施計(jì)劃”，支持世衛(wèi)組織工作，幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家及時(shí)獲得疫苗，為國(guó)際社會(huì)早日戰(zhàn)勝疫情作出應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)。

【單詞講解】

簡(jiǎn)單說一下due的用法，在make their due contributions中，due表達(dá)的是“ satisfying or capable of satisfying a need, obligation, or duty”，即“滿足需要，盡義務(wù)”。

這個(gè)詞常見的一個(gè)搭配是due to，相當(dāng)于because of（因?yàn)?，由于），比如：The bus was delayed due to heavy snow（公交車因?yàn)榇笱┭诱`了）；但是，如果句子中出現(xiàn)的是be due to do，則是“（在某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間）將要，即將發(fā)生”，比如：The present chairman is due to retire next month（現(xiàn)任主席下個(gè)月就退休了）；此外，due還可以表示不同語境下“到期的”意思，比如：When is the baby due?（預(yù)產(chǎn)期什么時(shí)候），The rent is due at the end of the month（月底該交房租了）。

Due還可以用作名詞，表示某人“應(yīng)得的東西”，復(fù)數(shù)形式dues則通常用來表示繳納的“會(huì)費(fèi)”等，比如：give him his due（把他應(yīng)得的給他），Party membership dues（黨費(fèi)）等。

中國(guó)向多個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供疫苗援助

In the early hours of Feb 1, a batch of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines donated by the Chinese government to Pakistan arrived in Islamabad. It was the first batch of vaccine aid provided by the Chinese government to another country.
2月1日凌晨，中國(guó)政府向巴基斯坦捐贈(zèng)的一批新冠病毒滅活疫苗運(yùn)抵巴基斯坦首都伊斯蘭堡，這是中國(guó)政府對(duì)外提供的第一批疫苗援助。

Apart from Pakistan, China is also providing vaccine aid to Brunei, Nepal, the Philippines, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, Palestine, Belarus, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea, altogether 13 developing countries. Going forward, we will also assist another 38 developing countries with vaccines.
除巴基斯坦外，中方還正在向文萊、尼泊爾、菲律賓、緬甸、柬埔寨、老撾、斯里蘭卡、蒙古、巴勒斯坦、白俄羅斯、塞拉利昂、津巴布韋、赤道幾內(nèi)亞等13個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供疫苗援助，下一步將向其他38個(gè)有需要的發(fā)展中國(guó)家援助疫苗。

China supports Chinese companies in conducting joint vaccine R&D and production with foreign partners. Vaccines made by Sinopharm and Sinovac have been exported to countries including the UAE, Morocco, Indonesia, Turkey, Brazil and Chile where clinical studies have been conducted.
中方支持國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)同國(guó)外的合作伙伴開展疫苗聯(lián)合研發(fā)和合作生產(chǎn)，已經(jīng)向阿聯(lián)酋、摩洛哥、印尼、土耳其、巴西、智利等臨床試驗(yàn)國(guó)家出口了國(guó)藥集團(tuán)和科興公司的疫苗。

China supports relevant companies in exporting vaccines to countries in urgent need that have approved Chinese vaccines and authorized their emergency use. For instance, Serbia has started vaccination with recently imported Chinese-made vaccines. More and more countries are approving the domestic use of Chinese vaccines.
中國(guó)支持有關(guān)企業(yè)向急需獲取疫苗、認(rèn)可中國(guó)疫苗、已授權(quán)在本國(guó)緊急使用中國(guó)疫苗的國(guó)家出口疫苗。例如，中國(guó)企業(yè)向塞爾維亞出口的疫苗已于不久前運(yùn)抵，當(dāng)?shù)匾验_始接種。目前，已有越來越多的國(guó)家批準(zhǔn)中國(guó)疫苗在當(dāng)?shù)厥褂谩?/p>

北京冬奧會(huì)、冬殘奧會(huì)火炬 2022 Olympic torch

2月4日，在北京2022年冬奧會(huì)開幕倒計(jì)時(shí)一周年（the one-year countdown to the opening of the Games）之際，北京冬奧會(huì)、冬殘奧會(huì)火炬“飛揚(yáng)（Flying）”正式發(fā)布。

The 2022 Olympic torch spirals upward to resemble two overlapping fluttering ribbons. The inner red ribbon evokes rising flames, with the outer one plated in silver to produce a striking contrast.
2022年冬奧會(huì)火炬旋轉(zhuǎn)上升，如雙色“飛舞絲帶”重疊，內(nèi)部的紅色絲帶如火焰升起，與外部的銀色絲帶形成強(qiáng)烈的反差效果。

As the torch turns, the whirling red line hidden in the crack seems to stretch endlessly, representing mankind's relentless pursuit of brightness, peace, excellence and the values promoted by the Olympic Movement.
紅色線條隨火炬轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，似無限延伸，表達(dá)了人類生生不息、向往光明與和平、追求卓越的期望和奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)的力量。

The torch features the Beijing 2022 emblem and the Olympic rings etched on its section, with patterns of clouds and snowflakes painted from the bottom up to the flame.
火炬上刻有北京2022年冬奧會(huì)會(huì)徽及奧運(yùn)五環(huán)，自下而上從云紋逐漸過渡到雪花圖案，最后呈現(xiàn)為火焰。

Beaming with dynamism and vitality, the two-tone torch presents a metaphor of ice and fire, symbolizing how it will bring light and warmth to the winter sports gala.
雙色火炬外形極具動(dòng)感和活力，象征冰火相約，照亮冰雪，溫暖世界。

【詞匯講解】

在介紹火炬的象征意義的時(shí)候，英文報(bào)道經(jīng)常用到symbolize或represent，這兩個(gè)詞都有“象征”的意思，在這個(gè)語境下可以替換使用，比如：A lion symbolizes/represents courage。二者的區(qū)別在于，symbolize只有“象征”這一層意思，而represent的意思用法要廣得多。我們最熟悉的一個(gè)意思就是“to speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people”，即“代表”，比如：I sent my husband to represent me at the funeral（我讓我丈夫代表我去參加葬禮），Women were poorly represented at the conference（參會(huì)的女性很少），大家選出來代表某個(gè)群體的“代表”就是representative；represent還有“體現(xiàn)，描繪”的意思，比如：This new report represents the current situation in our schools（這份新報(bào)告描述了我們學(xué)校當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)），He represents himself as an expert, but he knows nothing（他把自己描述成一個(gè)專家，但他什么都不知道）。

Sharing the same structure and patterns, the torch for the 2022 Paralympic Winter Games features a different color scheme of gold and silver. The bottom of the torch is engraved with Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games in Braille.
2022年冬殘奧會(huì)火炬與冬奧會(huì)火炬結(jié)構(gòu)與樣式相同，采用金色與銀色，火炬最下方刻有“北京2022年冬殘奧會(huì)”全稱的盲文。

The design allows both torches to lock into each other at the top when one bearer passes the flame to another during the Torch Relay, symbolizing Beijing 2022's vision to promote mutual understanding and respect between different cultures.
火炬交接時(shí)，兩支火炬的頂部可以緊密相扣，體現(xiàn)出讓不同文明更加相知相融的北京 2022 年冬奧會(huì)愿景。

To honor Beijing's status as the world's first city to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics, the 2022 torch features a similar design to the 2008 Games' main cauldron, which resembled a giant scroll, highlighting the legacy of the Olympic spirit in the Chinese capital.
北京即將成為奧運(yùn)歷史上首座“雙奧之城”，北京2022年冬奧會(huì)和冬殘奧會(huì)火炬整體外觀與北京2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式主火炬塔的巨型卷軸形態(tài)相呼應(yīng)，體現(xiàn)了雙奧之城的傳承與發(fā)揚(yáng)。

環(huán)環(huán)相扣黑科技

Using a combustion system developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, the torch's flame, fueled by eco-friendly hydrogen, was designed and has undergone rigorous testing to burn reliably in all weather conditions and to withstand strong winds and extreme, low temperatures.
火炬采用中國(guó)航天科技集團(tuán)研發(fā)的氫燃料點(diǎn)火裝置，凸顯環(huán)保屬性，經(jīng)過大量測(cè)試，可在各類天氣條件下穩(wěn)定燃燒，可抗強(qiáng)風(fēng)和極端低溫天氣。

【單詞講解】

這里的-friendly作為后綴，通常用在名詞后面，表示“對(duì)...友好的”，比如：user-friendly interface（用戶友好的界面）、environment-friendly/eco-friendly（對(duì)環(huán)境友好的/環(huán)保的）。

The torch is made of carbon-fiber materials developed by Sinopec and is light in weight and resistant to high temperatures.
火炬由中國(guó)石化研制的碳纖維材料制成，重量輕、耐高溫。

【單詞講解】

這里的resistant to表示“對(duì)...有抵抗力的”，比如：These plants are resistant to cold temperatures（這些植物能耐低溫），如果用來形容人，經(jīng)常表示“抗拒的”，比如：Why are you so resistant to change?（你為什么這么抗拒改變呢）；resistant還經(jīng)常作為后綴，與其他名詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞，表示“抗...的，耐...的”，比如：wrinkle-resistant clothes（不易起皺的衣服），fire-resistant material（耐火材料）。

2020年9月22日，經(jīng)過北京冬奧組委多輪評(píng)審，從182個(gè)全社會(huì)有效征集方案（182 entries in a global competition）中，確定了現(xiàn)在的火炬設(shè)計(jì)方案。

2020年12月7日，國(guó)際奧委會(huì)執(zhí)委會(huì)（the International Olympic Committee's Executive Board）審議通過了北京2022年冬奧會(huì)火炬設(shè)計(jì)方案。

反壟斷指南 anti-trust guidelines

2月7日，國(guó)務(wù)院反壟斷委員會(huì)制定發(fā)布《國(guó)務(wù)院反壟斷委員會(huì)關(guān)于平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的反壟斷指南》。

The State Council, China's cabinet, unveiled anti-trust guidelines on the country's platform economy to ensure fair market competition and promote the innovative and healthy development of the sector.
國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的反壟斷指南，旨在保障公平市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，促進(jìn)平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新健康發(fā)展。

【單詞講解】

這里的anti-trust有時(shí)候也寫作antitrust，中文最開始直譯為“反托拉斯”，后來多譯為“反壟斷”，一般指“involving laws or actions that are intended to make business competition fair and to prevent any company from being a monopoly”，即“意在促進(jìn)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，防止個(gè)別公司形成壟斷的”（法律、法規(guī)），新聞報(bào)道中也會(huì)用anti-monopoly來與其替換使用，比如：China issues new anti-monopoly rules targeting its tech giants（中國(guó)針對(duì)科技巨頭發(fā)布新的反壟斷規(guī)定）。

Anti-這個(gè)前綴經(jīng)常用來表示“反...”，比如，某個(gè)明星的粉絲是fans，那么ta的“黑粉”就是anti-fans；在軍事領(lǐng)域，anti則經(jīng)常表示“抗擊，對(duì)抗”，比如：antimissile（反導(dǎo)彈的）、antiaircraft（放空中襲擊的；高射炮）等。

《指南》界定平臺(tái)、平臺(tái)經(jīng)營(yíng)者、平臺(tái)內(nèi)經(jīng)營(yíng)者及平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域經(jīng)營(yíng)者等基礎(chǔ)概念。

平臺(tái)，本指南所稱平臺(tái)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)（online/internet platforms），是指通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息技術(shù)，使相互依賴的雙邊或者多邊主體在特定載體提供的規(guī)則下交互（interdependent bilateral or multilateral entities interact under the rules provided by a particular carrier），以此共同創(chuàng)造價(jià)值的商業(yè)組織形態(tài)。

平臺(tái)經(jīng)營(yíng)者（platform operators），是指向自然人、法人及其他市場(chǎng)主體提供經(jīng)營(yíng)場(chǎng)所（marketplace）、交易撮合（business brokering）、信息交流（information exchange）等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)服務(wù)的經(jīng)營(yíng)者。

平臺(tái)內(nèi)經(jīng)營(yíng)者（merchants on internet platforms），是指在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)內(nèi)提供商品或者服務(wù)（以下統(tǒng)稱商品）的經(jīng)營(yíng)者。

平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域經(jīng)營(yíng)者（operators in the sector of platform economy），包括平臺(tái)經(jīng)營(yíng)者、平臺(tái)內(nèi)經(jīng)營(yíng)者以及其他參與平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)的經(jīng)營(yíng)者。

針對(duì)社會(huì)各方反映較多的“二選一”“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”等熱點(diǎn)問題，指南明確：

To identify market dominance abuse behaviors in the sector, it is usually necessary to define the relevant market and analyze whether a platform operator has a dominant position in the market, according to the guideline.
認(rèn)定平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域?yàn)E用市場(chǎng)支配地位行為，通常需要先界定相關(guān)市場(chǎng)，分析經(jīng)營(yíng)者在相關(guān)市場(chǎng)是否具有支配地位。

【單詞講解】

Abuse這個(gè)詞可以用作動(dòng)詞或名詞，均表示“濫用，虐待”等意思，比如：power abuse/to abuse power（濫用職權(quán)）、child abuse/to abuse a child（虐待兒童）、drug abuse/abuse drugs（藥物濫用）、verbal abuse/verbally abuse someone（語言暴力）等。實(shí)施這些行為的人就是abuser。

Specific case analysis should be further completed to decide whether the operator abuses its market dominance, says the guideline.
根據(jù)個(gè)案情況分析經(jīng)營(yíng)者是否構(gòu)成濫用市場(chǎng)支配地位行為。

濫用市場(chǎng)支配地位行為表現(xiàn)形式

It specifies behaviors that constitute abusing market dominance, such as unfair pricing, sales below cost, refusal-to-deal, restricted trading, tie-in sales, attaching unreasonable trading conditions and differential treatment.
《指南》逐一細(xì)化濫用市場(chǎng)支配地位行為表現(xiàn)形式，如不公平價(jià)格行為、低于成本銷售、拒絕交易、限定交易、搭售或者附加不合理交易條件差別待遇等。

劣跡藝人 tainted celebrity

2月5日，中國(guó)演出行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)發(fā)布新制定的《演出行業(yè)演藝人員從業(yè)自律管理辦法》，業(yè)內(nèi)首次明確劣跡藝人懲戒和復(fù)出程序。

Chinese celebrities could face permanent bans from television, film, livestreaming, and offline events if they fail to comply with the “self-discipline” guideline.
違反自律管理辦法的演藝人員或?qū)⒃陔娨?、電影、直播及線下活動(dòng)等各平臺(tái)面臨永久抵制。

【詞匯講解】

這里的fail to經(jīng)常用來表示“試圖做某事，但是沒做成”或者“別人期待你做某事，但是你沒有做到”，比如：She failed to reach the Wimbledon Final this year（她今年沒能進(jìn)溫網(wǎng)決賽）。對(duì)學(xué)生黨來說，fail則更多的是表示“考試掛科”，但是在具體用法上英式英語和美式英語略有不同，比如“我歷史考過了，但是化學(xué)掛科了”在英式英語中是“I passed in history but failed in chemistry”，但是在美式英語中是“I passed history but failed chemistry”。

自律管理辦法列出了15條藝人不得出現(xiàn)的行為，其中包括：

illegal acts such as driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs
酒駕、毒駕等違法行為

undermining the sovereignty, unification and territorial integrity of China
危害國(guó)家統(tǒng)一、主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整

jeopardizing social morality
危害社會(huì)公德

harming outstanding cultural traditions
損害民族優(yōu)秀文化傳統(tǒng)

fooling audience with lip-syncing in commercial performances
在營(yíng)業(yè)性演出中以假唱等手段欺騙觀眾

undermining China's ethnic unity
破壞民族團(tuán)結(jié)

engaging in obscene and pornographic activities
參與、宣揚(yáng)涉及淫穢、色情等活動(dòng)

defaming revolutionary heroes
侮辱、誹謗革命英雄

自律管理辦法規(guī)定：

Offenders of the guideline will face a "joint industry boycott" for one, three, five years or for good, depending on the severity of the circumstances and degree of harm.
根據(jù)演藝人員違反從業(yè)規(guī)范情節(jié)輕重及危害程度，分別實(shí)施1年、3年、5年和永久等不同程度的行業(yè)聯(lián)合抵制。

【單詞講解】

這里的短語for good就是for ever的意思，即“永久，永遠(yuǎn)”，比如：She's gone for good（她再也不會(huì)回來了）。再補(bǔ)充一個(gè)常用的短語，do someone good（對(duì)某人有好處），比如：You can't work all the time - it does you good to go out and enjoy yourself sometimes.（你不能一直工作，時(shí)不時(shí)出去放松一下對(duì)你有好處）。

Offenders must also submit an application to an "ethics construction commission" three months before their penalty term ends for permission to return to the limelight.
受到聯(lián)合抵制的演藝人員應(yīng)當(dāng)在聯(lián)合抵制期限屆滿前3個(gè)月內(nèi)向道德建設(shè)委員會(huì)提出申請(qǐng)，經(jīng)同意后才可繼續(xù)從事演出活動(dòng)。

【單詞講解】

這里的“return to the limelight”字面意思是“回到聚光燈下”，其實(shí)就是“重回舞臺(tái)（演出）”的意思，the limelight（聚光燈）在中英文語境中都經(jīng)常被用來指代公眾人物所處的環(huán)境，即“大眾的關(guān)注”，比如：She's been in the limelight recently, following the release of her new film（新電影上映之后，她最近一直頗受公眾關(guān)注）。

自律管理辦法指出，對(duì)符合復(fù)出條件的演藝人員，由中國(guó)演出行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)向會(huì)員單位和個(gè)人通報(bào)，取消聯(lián)合抵制措施，并監(jiān)督引導(dǎo)其參與行業(yè)培訓(xùn)、職業(yè)教育（professional education）、公益項(xiàng)目等活動(dòng)，改善社會(huì)形象（rehabilitate their image）。

世衛(wèi)組織專家組 WHO team of experts

中國(guó)—世界衛(wèi)生組織新冠病毒溯源研究聯(lián)合專家組2月9日在武漢舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，通報(bào)共同開展新冠病毒全球溯源中國(guó)部分的工作情況。

A sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus occured in Wuhan at the end of 2019. China took prompt action, actively released epidemic information, and adopted the most comprehensive and strict prevention and control measures, achieving notable results.
2019年底，新冠肺炎疫情在武漢市暴發(fā)，中國(guó)迅速采取行動(dòng)，主動(dòng)通報(bào)疫情信息，采取最全面最嚴(yán)格的防控措施，疫情防控取得顯著成效。

According to an agreement between China and the WHO in July 2020, an international expert WHO team arrived in Wuhan on Jan 14. They formed a joint body with Chinese experts for the Chinese part of the global study on the novel coronavirus origins.
按照中國(guó)與世衛(wèi)組織2020年7月商定的工作任務(wù)書，世衛(wèi)組織派出國(guó)際專家組2021年1月14日抵達(dá)武漢，與中方專家組成聯(lián)合專家組，共同開展全球溯源中國(guó)部分工作。

The team studied a massive amount of epidemic-related data and visited nine facilities, including Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Huanan seafood market, and the Wuhan Institute of Virology, under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The team conducted extensive exchanges with local medical workers, lab researchers, scientists, and market managers. They also interviewed social workers, community workers, residents, recovered patients, and families of medical workers who lost their lives in the epidemic.
聯(lián)合專家組共同研究了大量的疫情相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)資料，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)考察了包括金銀潭醫(yī)院、華南海鮮市場(chǎng)、中科院武漢病毒研究所在內(nèi)的9家單位，與醫(yī)務(wù)人員、實(shí)驗(yàn)室人員、科研人員、市場(chǎng)管理人員及商戶、社區(qū)工作者、康復(fù)患者、犧牲醫(yī)務(wù)人員家屬、居民等進(jìn)行廣泛交流。

聯(lián)合研究成果已基本形成，主要包括：

A coronavirus with high similarity to the novel coronavirus in gene sequences occurs in bats and pangolins. But the similarity is still not enough to make it a direct ancestor of the novel coronavirus. Bats, pangolins, weasels, cats, and other species all could be potential natural hosts.
在蝙蝠和穿山甲中發(fā)現(xiàn)了與新冠病毒基因序列具有高度相似性冠狀病毒，但相似度尚不足以使其成為新冠病毒的直接祖先；蝙蝠、穿山甲或者鼬科、貓科動(dòng)物，以及其他物種都可能是潛在的自然宿主。

The virus was found in environmental tests at the Huanan seafood market after its closure, especially in its aquatic product stalls. The coronavirus at the market might have been introduced through channels such as infected people, contaminated cold chain products, and animal products, but it is still uncertain.
華南海鮮市場(chǎng)關(guān)閉后的環(huán)境檢測(cè)普遍發(fā)現(xiàn)新冠病毒污染，其中水產(chǎn)攤位尤為明顯，華南海鮮市場(chǎng)新冠病毒可能通過感染者、被污染的冷鏈產(chǎn)品、動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品等途徑引入，但尚無法確定。

No positive results occurred in large-scale testing of animal products in the market. No novel coronavirus was found either in samples of bats in Hubei province or large numbers of livestock, poultry, and wild animals across China.
對(duì)該市場(chǎng)的動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品大規(guī)模檢測(cè)未發(fā)現(xiàn)陽性，對(duì)湖北省蝙蝠以及中國(guó)各地大量的家畜家禽、野生動(dòng)物采樣監(jiān)測(cè)均未發(fā)現(xiàn)新冠病毒。

In December 2019, the novel coronavirus spread among people on a certain scale in Wuhan, with most cases occurring in the second half of the month. A study on the early ones showed that as there were novel coronavirus cases in the market, there were also such cases in other areas of Wuhan at the same time.
2019年12月，武漢市人群中發(fā)生了新冠病毒一定規(guī)模傳播，大部分病例集中在下半月。早期病例搜索及分析顯示，華南海鮮市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)病例的同時(shí)，武漢市其他地方也有病例發(fā)生。

The experts identified four hypotheses for the source of the transmission of the novel coronavirus to the human population, including direct zoonotic spillover, the cold-chain food, an intermediary host species, and a laboratory-related incident.
聯(lián)合專家組對(duì)新冠病毒從自然宿主直接傳播和通過冷鏈?zhǔn)称?、中間宿主、實(shí)驗(yàn)室等四種引入人類途徑的可能性進(jìn)行了科學(xué)評(píng)估。

評(píng)估結(jié)論分為“極不可能（extremely unlikely）”“不可能（unlikely）”“可能（likely）”“比較可能（most likely）”“非常可能（very likely）”5個(gè)層級(jí)。

專家組認(rèn)為：

Introduction through an intermediary host species is "the most likely" passway.
新冠病毒“比較可能”是經(jīng)中間宿主引入人類。

Direct transmission or introduction through cold-chain food is also likely.
“可能”是直接傳播或者通過冷鏈?zhǔn)称芬肴祟悺?/p>

A laboratory incident is "extremely unlikely" as the cause of COVID-19.
“極不可能”是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室引入人類。

聯(lián)合專家組還對(duì)下一步全球溯源工作提出了建議。