平臺經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域反壟斷指南來了 劍指“二選一”“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”等問題
中國日報網(wǎng) 2021-02-08 14:04
2月7日,國務(wù)院反壟斷委員會制定發(fā)布《國務(wù)院反壟斷委員會關(guān)于平臺經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域的反壟斷指南》。
The State Council, China's cabinet, unveiled anti-trust guidelines on the country's platform economy to ensure fair market competition and promote the innovative and healthy development of the sector.
國務(wù)院發(fā)布平臺經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域的反壟斷指南,旨在保障公平市場競爭,促進平臺經(jīng)濟創(chuàng)新健康發(fā)展。
【單詞講解】
這里的anti-trust有時候也寫作antitrust,中文最開始直譯為“反托拉斯”,后來多譯為“反壟斷”,一般指“involving laws or actions that are intended to make business competition fair and to prevent any company from being a monopoly”,即“意在促進公平競爭,防止個別公司形成壟斷的”(法律、法規(guī)),新聞報道中也會用anti-monopoly來與其替換使用,比如:China issues new anti-monopoly rules targeting its tech giants(中國針對科技巨頭發(fā)布新的反壟斷規(guī)定)。
Anti-這個前綴經(jīng)常用來表示“反...”,比如,某個明星的粉絲是fans,那么ta的“黑粉”就是anti-fans;在軍事領(lǐng)域,anti則經(jīng)常表示“抗擊,對抗”,比如:antimissile(反導(dǎo)彈的)、antiaircraft(放空中襲擊的;高射炮)等。
《指南》界定平臺、平臺經(jīng)營者、平臺內(nèi)經(jīng)營者及平臺經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域經(jīng)營者等基礎(chǔ)概念。
平臺,本指南所稱平臺為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(online/internet platforms),是指通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息技術(shù),使相互依賴的雙邊或者多邊主體在特定載體提供的規(guī)則下交互(interdependent bilateral or multilateral entities interact under the rules provided by a particular carrier),以此共同創(chuàng)造價值的商業(yè)組織形態(tài)。
平臺經(jīng)營者(platform operators),是指向自然人、法人及其他市場主體提供經(jīng)營場所(marketplace)、交易撮合(business brokering)、信息交流(information exchange)等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺服務(wù)的經(jīng)營者。
平臺內(nèi)經(jīng)營者(merchants on internet platforms),是指在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺內(nèi)提供商品或者服務(wù)(以下統(tǒng)稱商品)的經(jīng)營者。
平臺經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域經(jīng)營者(operators in the sector of platform economy),包括平臺經(jīng)營者、平臺內(nèi)經(jīng)營者以及其他參與平臺經(jīng)濟的經(jīng)營者。
針對社會各方反映較多的“二選一”“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”等熱點問題,指南明確:
To identify market dominance abuse behaviors in the sector, it is usually necessary to define the relevant market and analyze whether a platform operator has a dominant position in the market, according to the guideline.
認定平臺經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域濫用市場支配地位行為,通常需要先界定相關(guān)市場,分析經(jīng)營者在相關(guān)市場是否具有支配地位。
【單詞講解】
Abuse這個詞可以用作動詞或名詞,均表示“濫用,虐待”等意思,比如:power abuse/to abuse power(濫用職權(quán))、child abuse/to abuse a child(虐待兒童)、drug abuse/abuse drugs(藥物濫用)、verbal abuse/verbally abuse someone(語言暴力)等。實施這些行為的人就是abuser。
Specific case analysis should be further completed to decide whether the operator abuses its market dominance, says the guideline.
根據(jù)個案情況分析經(jīng)營者是否構(gòu)成濫用市場支配地位行為。
濫用市場支配地位行為表現(xiàn)形式
It specifies behaviors that constitute abusing market dominance, such as unfair pricing, sales below cost, refusal-to-deal, restricted trading, tie-in sales, attaching unreasonable trading conditions and differential treatment.
《指南》逐一細化濫用市場支配地位行為表現(xiàn)形式,如不公平價格行為、低于成本銷售、拒絕交易、限定交易、搭售或者附加不合理交易條件差別待遇等。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
營商環(huán)境
business environment
投資環(huán)境
investment environment
市場份額
market share
“放管服”(簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù))
streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services
參考來源:新華網(wǎng)、中國政府網(wǎng)
(中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津 Helen)