外資流入國(guó) FDI recipient

聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會(huì)議1月24日發(fā)布的報(bào)告顯示，2020年，全球外國(guó)直接投資（FDI）總額大幅下滑，但中國(guó)FDI逆勢(shì)增長(zhǎng)，成為全球最大外資流入國(guó)。

China was the world's largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2020, as flows rose by 4 percent to $163 billion, followed by the United States, a report by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) showed.
聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會(huì)議發(fā)布的報(bào)告顯示，2020年中國(guó)的外國(guó)直接投資增長(zhǎng)4%，達(dá)1630億美元，成為全球最大外資流入國(guó)，美國(guó)排名第二位。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

外商直接投資（也稱(chēng)“外國(guó)直接投資”，foreign direct investment，F(xiàn)DI）指外國(guó)企業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或個(gè)人(包括華僑、港澳臺(tái)胞以及我國(guó)在境外注冊(cè)的企業(yè))按我國(guó)有關(guān)政策、法規(guī)，用現(xiàn)匯、實(shí)物、技術(shù)等在我國(guó)境內(nèi)開(kāi)辦外商獨(dú)資企業(yè)（wholly foreign-owned enterprise）、與我國(guó)境內(nèi)的企業(yè)或經(jīng)濟(jì)組織共同舉辦中外合資經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)（Chinese-foreign equity joint venture）、合作經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)（Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture）或合作開(kāi)發(fā)資源的投資(包括外商投資收益的再投資)，以及經(jīng)政府有關(guān)部門(mén)批準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目投資總額內(nèi)企業(yè)從境外借入的資金。

發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體受疫情沖擊最為嚴(yán)重

The decline in FDI was concentrated in developed countries, where flows fell by 69 percent to $229 billion.
發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體FDI受疫情沖擊最為嚴(yán)重。2020年，發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體吸收FDI約2290億美元，較前一年驟降69%。

Flows to North America slumped by 46 percent to $166 billion, with cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) down by 43 percent.
2020年流入北美的投資下降46%，降至1660億美元，跨境合并收購(gòu)下降43%。

The United States recorded a 49 percent drop in FDI in 2020, falling to an estimated $134 billion.
2020年流入美國(guó)的外國(guó)直接投資下降49%，降至1340億美元。

Investment in Europe also shrunk. Flows fell by two-thirds to $110 billion.
流入歐盟的外國(guó)直接投資在2020年下降了三分之二，降至1100億美元。

發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體相比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家更受外資青睞

Although FDI to developing economies decreased by 12 percent to an estimated $616 billion, they accounted for 72 percent of global FDI — the highest share on record.
流入發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體的外國(guó)直接投資約為6160億美元，比2019年下降12%，流入發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體的外國(guó)直接投資占全球外國(guó)直接投資的比重已高達(dá)72%，達(dá)到歷史最高水平。

While developing countries in Asia performed well as a group, attracting an estimated $476 billion in FDI in 2020, flows to members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) contracted by 31 percent to $107 billion.
雖然亞洲發(fā)展中國(guó)家整體表現(xiàn)良好，2020年吸引外國(guó)直接投資約為4760億美元，但是流入東盟國(guó)家的外國(guó)直接投資下降了31%，降至1070億美元。

貿(mào)發(fā)會(huì)議預(yù)測(cè)，

Despite projections for the world economy to recover in 2021, UNCTAD expects FDI flows to remain weak as the pandemic persists.
雖然預(yù)測(cè)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)在2021年復(fù)蘇，但是由于疫情持續(xù)，2021年全球外國(guó)直接投資增長(zhǎng)仍將疲弱。

就地過(guò)年 stay local for the Spring Festival

中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)了《關(guān)于做好人民群眾就地過(guò)年服務(wù)保障工作的通知》。

All residents in areas at high risk of COVID-19 shall stay at their current residing localities to prevent spreading the epidemic, said the circular.Travel from medium-risk areas will need permission from the local epidemic prevention and control authorities. Those living in low-risk areas shall be advised to avoid traveling unless necessary, the circular said.
通知指出，疫情高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)群眾均應(yīng)就地過(guò)年，防止因人員流動(dòng)導(dǎo)致疫情傳播擴(kuò)散。中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)群眾需要出行的，需經(jīng)屬地疫情防控機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)。低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)倡導(dǎo)群眾非必要不出行。

In principle, people who do need to travel should not go to medium and high risk areas.
確需出行人員原則上不前往中高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

依據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院應(yīng)對(duì)新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制《關(guān)于科學(xué)防治精準(zhǔn)施策分區(qū)分級(jí)做好新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

Cities, counties and districts with no newly confirmed cases in the last 14 days are categorized as low-risk regions, those with fewer than 50 cases or those with over 50 but without a concentrated outbreak are classified as medium-risk regions, and those with over 50 cases as well as a concentrated outbreak are classified as high-risk regions.
即以縣市區(qū)為單位，無(wú)確診病例或連續(xù)14天無(wú)新增確診病例為低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)；14天內(nèi)有新增確診病例，累計(jì)確診病例不超過(guò)50例，或累計(jì)確診病例超過(guò)50例，14天內(nèi)未發(fā)生聚集性疫情為中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)；累計(jì)病例超過(guò)50例，14天內(nèi)有聚集性疫情發(fā)生為高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)。

加強(qiáng)就地過(guò)年群眾生活保障

According to the circular, all localities, especially large and medium-sized cities, are asked to guarantee stable supplies of necessities and energy.
切實(shí)加強(qiáng)生活物資保障和能源保供，特別是大中城市要提前安排，充分準(zhǔn)備。

Smooth logistics and transport services should meet the needs for shopping, recreation, and entertainment of people who stay where they work during the holiday.
要求物流及交通服務(wù)順暢運(yùn)行，滿(mǎn)足就地過(guò)年群眾的購(gòu)物、休閑、娛樂(lè)需求。

Efforts should ensure that those who work during the holiday enjoy due overtime payments and rest under the relevant laws, it added.
在春節(jié)期間安排職工工作的，用人單位要依法支付加班工資或安排調(diào)休。

【單詞講解】

職場(chǎng)常用縮略語(yǔ)中的OT就是overtime的簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)形式，即“加班”或“加班費(fèi)”，可以用作形容詞、副詞或名詞，比如：They're working overtime to get the job done on time.（為了按時(shí)完成工作，他們?cè)诩影嘹s進(jìn)度）；We have put in 15 hours of overtime this week.（我們這周已經(jīng)加了15個(gè)小時(shí)的班了）；You can earn some overtime by working after 6 pm（你可以下午6點(diǎn)鐘以后繼續(xù)工作，掙點(diǎn)加班費(fèi)）。在體育比賽中，overtime則表示“加時(shí)賽”，英式英語(yǔ)中多用extra time表示，比如：they need a three pointer to force overtime（他們需要投進(jìn)一個(gè)三分球來(lái)打加時(shí)賽）。

中新自貿(mào)協(xié)定升級(jí) upgrade of the China-New Zealand FTA

China and New Zealand on Tuesday signed a protocol on upgrading their 12-year-old free trade agreement (FTA), which is expected to bring more benefits to the businesses and peoples of the two countries.
中國(guó)和新西蘭于1月26日簽署自貿(mào)協(xié)定升級(jí)議定書(shū)，這意味著將給兩國(guó)企業(yè)和百姓帶來(lái)更多利好。中國(guó)和新西蘭的自貿(mào)協(xié)定已簽署了12年。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

中國(guó)和新西蘭在2008年4月簽署自貿(mào)協(xié)定（free trade agreement，F(xiàn)TA），于同年10月正式生效。這是我國(guó)簽署的第一個(gè)涵蓋貨物貿(mào)易（trade in goods）、服務(wù)貿(mào)易（trade in services）、投資（investment）等諸多領(lǐng)域的雙邊全面自貿(mào)協(xié)定，也是中國(guó)與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家簽署的第一個(gè)自貿(mào)協(xié)定（the first FTA between China and a developed country）。

中新自貿(mào)協(xié)定升級(jí)談判于2016年11月啟動(dòng)，2019年11月宣布完成。2020年11月15日，包括中國(guó)和新西蘭等15個(gè)成員國(guó)在內(nèi)的區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定（Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership，RCEP）正式簽署。此次協(xié)定升級(jí)讓兩國(guó)經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系在RCEP基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步提質(zhì)增效。

升級(jí)“升”什么？

The FTA upgrade adds new chapters on e-commerce, government procurement, competition policy as well as environment and trade, in addition to improvements on rules of origin, customs procedures and trade facilitation, technical barriers to trade and trade in services.
自貿(mào)協(xié)定升級(jí)除對(duì)原協(xié)定的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則、海關(guān)程序與貿(mào)易便利化、技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘、服務(wù)貿(mào)易等5個(gè)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行升級(jí)外，還新增電子商務(wù)、政府采購(gòu)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)政策、環(huán)境與貿(mào)易等4個(gè)領(lǐng)域。

【單詞講解】

Upgrade這個(gè)詞用法很多，可以用作動(dòng)詞、名詞，其核心意思都跟“上升”有關(guān)，比如：I was upgraded to the first class during the flight（我在飛機(jī)上被升到了頭等艙），He was upgraded to sales manager（他升職當(dāng)銷(xiāo)售經(jīng)理了），I have my computer system upgraded（我找人把我的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)升級(jí)了），這三個(gè)例句中的upgrade分別表達(dá)了不同語(yǔ)境下的“提升、升級(jí)”；用作名詞形式表達(dá)這幾個(gè)句子的意思就是：I got an upgrade to the first class during the flight/His upgrade to sales manager is a good news for the family/Someone helped me with my computer system upgrade。

On the basis of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, China will further expand its opening-up in sectors including aviation, education, finance, elderly care, and passenger transport to New Zealand to boost the trade in services.
在區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定基礎(chǔ)上，中國(guó)將在航空、教育、金融、養(yǎng)老以及客運(yùn)等領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)大對(duì)新開(kāi)放，促進(jìn)服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展。

The upgraded FTA will see both countries open their markets for certain wood and paper products.
自貿(mào)協(xié)定升級(jí)后，中新兩國(guó)將向?qū)Ψ介_(kāi)放部分木材紙制品市場(chǎng)。

New Zealand will lower its threshold for reviewing Chinese investment, allowing it to receive the same review treatment as members of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).
新方將放寬對(duì)中資審查門(mén)檻，給予中方投資者與全面與進(jìn)步跨太平洋伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定（CPTPP）成員同等的審查門(mén)檻待遇。

It has also doubled the quota for Chinese Mandarin teachers and Chinese tour guides working in the country to 300 and 200, respectively.
漢語(yǔ)教師和中文導(dǎo)游赴新就業(yè)配額提高一倍，分別提高到300名和200名。

進(jìn)返京新規(guī) Beijing's new entry rules

北京市政府新聞發(fā)言人徐和建在1月27日的疫情防控發(fā)布會(huì)上通報(bào)稱(chēng)，春節(jié)前后這段特定時(shí)間，充分考慮境內(nèi)外疫情嚴(yán)峻復(fù)雜形勢(shì)、人流增加的疫情傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，北京分級(jí)分類(lèi)采取相對(duì)從嚴(yán)從緊的防控措施。

From Jan 28 to March 15, travelers from domestic low-risk areas must provide negative nucleic acid results within seven days upon arrival, they must undergo health monitoring for 14 days and receive two separete nucleic acid tests on their 7th and 14th day in Beijing.
自1月28日至3月15日，國(guó)內(nèi)低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)人員進(jìn)返京須持抵京前7日內(nèi)核酸檢測(cè)陰性證明，抵京后實(shí)行14天健康監(jiān)測(cè)，滿(mǎn)7天、滿(mǎn)14天各開(kāi)展一次核酸檢測(cè)。

Entry to the Chinese capital will be declined for those from domestic medium and high-risk and lockdown areas, while inbound travelers entering the Chinese mainland via other cities must wait for 21 days before visiting Beijing.
國(guó)內(nèi)中高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)及全域?qū)嵭蟹忾]管理的人員，原則上不能進(jìn)京。國(guó)內(nèi)其他口岸入境人員滿(mǎn)21天方可進(jìn)京。

【單詞講解】

這里的decline表示“拒絕”，與refuse意思相近，只不過(guò)decline更加禮貌、正式一點(diǎn)，比如：I invited him to the meeting but he declined.（我邀請(qǐng)他參會(huì)，但是他婉拒了），這里的decline可以用refuse替換，只不過(guò)替換之后語(yǔ)氣就比decline要不客氣一些了。另外一個(gè)表示“拒絕”的詞reject包含的不客氣程度要比decline和refuse都更強(qiáng)，通常強(qiáng)調(diào)“退回、駁回”的意思，比如：The publisher rejected the manuscript as unpublishable（發(fā)行商以不符合出版條件為由退回了手稿），The manager rejected my request for more time to finish the project（我提出的延長(zhǎng)完工時(shí)間的請(qǐng)求被經(jīng)理駁回了）；reject用作名詞的時(shí)候多表示“退回的貨物或人”，比如：The gown was very cheap because it was a reject（那件長(zhǎng)袍很便宜，因?yàn)槭峭嘶貋?lái)的貨）。

The municipal government also renewed calls for residents to avoid outbound travels during the festival to minimize infection risks and promised to offer shopping coupons and free data packages to those who choose to stay put.
北京市政府再次呼吁市民節(jié)日期間避免出境，以降低病毒感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，同時(shí)表示將為留京過(guò)年人員發(fā)放消費(fèi)券和免費(fèi)流量包。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

“境內(nèi)、境外”中的“境”有時(shí)指“國(guó)境（the territory of China）”，有時(shí)指“關(guān)境(customs territory)”，翻譯前必須進(jìn)行仔細(xì)甄別。國(guó)境是指一個(gè)國(guó)家行使主權(quán)的領(lǐng)土范圍，從國(guó)境的角度講，香港、澳門(mén)和臺(tái)灣屬“境內(nèi)”。例如“中國(guó)境內(nèi)的外國(guó)人”譯為“foreigners in the territory of China”。

關(guān)境是指適用同一海關(guān)法或?qū)嵭型魂P(guān)稅制度的區(qū)域，從關(guān)境的角度講，香港、澳門(mén)和臺(tái)灣、澎湖、金門(mén)、馬祖（臺(tái)澎金馬）在世界貿(mào)易組織中是單獨(dú)關(guān)稅區(qū)，屬于“境外”；這種情況下，“境內(nèi)”指的就是例句中加粗字體所列的范圍，即中國(guó)大陸地區(qū)（the Chinese mainland)。因此，“出境”我們通常用outbound travel表示?！叭刖橙藛T”可以用inbound passengers或overseas arrivals，不能用foreign/international passengers，因?yàn)橐咔槠陂g入境人員很多都是我國(guó)在外的同胞。

新冠疫苗升級(jí) updated version of COVID-19 vaccines

最近，英國(guó)、南非和巴西先后發(fā)現(xiàn)新的新冠病毒變異毒株。有衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域人員擔(dān)憂，目前的疫苗可能無(wú)法有效對(duì)抗這些新的變異毒株。

中國(guó)疾控中心艾滋病首席專(zhuān)家邵一鳴表示：

If necessary, an upgrade for China's inactivated COVID-19 vaccine could be completed in about two months.
如果真需要對(duì)疫苗進(jìn)行升級(jí)，中國(guó)的新冠滅活疫苗預(yù)計(jì)可在2個(gè)月左右完成。

Lab data shows that Chinese vaccines' capability to help human bodies generate antibodies remains almost steady in neutralizing the new variants of the virus that emerged in Europe, South America, and the US across the first half of 2020, said Shao. "Although the efficacy is slightly weakened when it comes to the new variants."
實(shí)驗(yàn)室數(shù)據(jù)顯示，國(guó)內(nèi)疫苗誘導(dǎo)的抗體對(duì)去年上半年在歐洲、南美、美國(guó)出現(xiàn)的新冠毒株的中和能力沒(méi)有變化，但對(duì)新出現(xiàn)的變異毒株的中和能力，則有輕微下降。

【單詞講解】

這里的neutralize是形容詞neutral的動(dòng)詞形式，表示“使中和，使無(wú)效，使中立”等意思，比如，neutralize a threat（消除威脅），neutralize an enemy（消滅敵人），Raising the sales tax will neutralize the tax cut（提高銷(xiāo)售稅就能抵消減稅帶來(lái)的影響）。

邵一鳴表示，在應(yīng)對(duì)變異毒株方面，兩條反應(yīng)最快的技術(shù)路線分別是mRNA疫苗和滅活疫苗。

The redesign of inactivated technology could take a bit longer than the mRNA technology, which does not require cultivating and inactivating the virus.
滅活技術(shù)路線重新設(shè)計(jì)需要的時(shí)間要比mRNA技術(shù)路線稍長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)楹笳卟恍枰嘤蜏缁畈《尽?/p>

他表示，滅活疫苗的質(zhì)控因素（quality control factors）較多，會(huì)比mRNA疫苗的化學(xué)合成和修飾的升級(jí)過(guò)程上稍慢一些，但前后時(shí)間差應(yīng)不會(huì)超過(guò)1個(gè)月。

國(guó)外疫苗廠商也在關(guān)注變異毒株

Moderna Inc said on Monday it believes its COVID-19 vaccine protects against new variants found in Britain and South Africa, although it will test a new booster shot aimed at the South African variant after concluding the antibody response could be diminished.
1月25日，摩德納公司表示，他們認(rèn)為本公司研發(fā)的新冠疫苗對(duì)英國(guó)和南非出現(xiàn)的新變異毒株依然有效，不過(guò)，鑒于對(duì)南非出現(xiàn)的變異毒株抗體反應(yīng)減弱，該公司將針對(duì)這個(gè)變種測(cè)試一種新的加強(qiáng)針。

【單詞講解】

這里的booster shot，即“加強(qiáng)針”，指疫苗注射一段時(shí)間后，體內(nèi)抗體有所下降，不足以起到保護(hù)作用時(shí)，再次注射的疫苗，以提高抗體水平。Booster是動(dòng)詞boost的名詞形式，火箭發(fā)射過(guò)程中經(jīng)常用到的“助推器”也是booster。Boost這個(gè)詞在各類(lèi)新聞報(bào)道中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，比如：plans to boost production（提升產(chǎn)量的計(jì)劃），boost morale（提振士氣），boost confidence（增強(qiáng)信心）等。

Germany's BioNTech said its existing Covid-19 vaccine, developed with Pfizer, would still be effective against the new variant. If not, “the beauty of the mRNA technology is we can directly start to engineer a vaccine that completely mimics this new mutation and we could manufacture a new vaccine within six weeks, said Ugur Sahin, BioNTech's chief executive.
德國(guó)生物技術(shù)公司BioNTech首席執(zhí)行官烏古爾·沙欣表示，他們與輝瑞聯(lián)合研發(fā)的新冠疫苗對(duì)新的病毒變種依舊有效，如果現(xiàn)有疫苗不再有效，“mRNA技術(shù)的好處在于我們可以直接開(kāi)始研制一種能夠完全模仿這個(gè)新變種的疫苗，而且6個(gè)星期之內(nèi)就能投入生產(chǎn)?！?/p>

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

RNA疫苗或mRNA(信使RNA)疫苗是一種新型疫苗，它將病毒mRNA片段插入人體細(xì)胞中，通過(guò)重編程產(chǎn)生病原體抗原(如針刺蛋白或癌癥抗原)，然后激發(fā)針對(duì)病原體的適應(yīng)性免疫反應(yīng)。

Pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca and Oxford University plan to make an updated version of their COVID-19 vaccine that will target the new variant of the novel coronavirus found in South Africa.
制藥企業(yè)阿斯利康與牛津大學(xué)計(jì)劃以南非出現(xiàn)的新冠病毒變種為目標(biāo)，對(duì)他們現(xiàn)有的新冠疫苗進(jìn)行升級(jí)。

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）