進口冷鏈?zhǔn)称?imported cold-chain food

1月14日，海關(guān)總署新聞發(fā)言人、統(tǒng)計分析司司長李魁文表示，海關(guān)總署嚴格按照國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制總體部署，加大進口冷鏈?zhǔn)称返臋z疫力度，防范新冠肺炎疫情通過進口冷鏈?zhǔn)称份斎氲娘L(fēng)險。

Overseas food exporters should strictly follow the regulatory guidelines issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization to ensure their exports to China are not contaminated by the novel coronavirus during production, processing, storage or transportation, Li Kuiwen said.
李魁文表示，各國輸華食品企業(yè)應(yīng)落實聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織（FAO）和世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）食品企業(yè)指南，嚴防輸華食品及包裝在生產(chǎn)、加工、儲存、運輸?shù)雀鳝h(huán)節(jié)受到新冠病毒污染。

So far, China has suspended imports from 124 cold-chain food manufacturers across 21 countries where employees had been infected with COVID-19. Among them, 107 companies voluntarily suspended exports to China following outbreaks, Li said.
目前，對發(fā)生員工感染新冠肺炎的21個國家的124家冷鏈?zhǔn)称飞a(chǎn)企業(yè)采取了暫停其產(chǎn)品進口措施，其中有107家企業(yè)是在出現(xiàn)疫情后即自主暫停了對華出口。

【單詞講解】

說到“暫停”，我們可能立即會想到pause這個詞，不過，在具體使用的時候，pause更偏重“短時間暫停（后繼續(xù)進行某事）”的意思，比如：He talked for two hours without pausing for breath.（他說了兩個小時的話，都沒有停下來喘口氣。）On leaving, she paused for a moment at the door.（離開的時候，她在門口停頓了一下。）而上文中的suspension及其動詞形式suspend多指“把事情停下來一陣子（直到有后續(xù)的決策）”，比如：Tour groups were suspended because of the epidemic.（由于疫情原因，團隊游被暫時叫停了。）這里的“暫?！币话銜掷m(xù)一段時間，直到形勢變化允許這件事能繼續(xù)進行。

加強進口冷鏈?zhǔn)称沸鹿诓《撅L(fēng)險監(jiān)測

By Wednesday, approximately 1.3 million cold-chain products had been sampled for nucleic acid testing, with 47 tested positive.
截至2021年1月13日24時，全國海關(guān)共抽樣檢測樣本近130萬個，檢出核酸陽性結(jié)果47個。

As part of emergency preventive measures, the GAC suspends import declarations of foreign food makers whose products test positive for one to four weeks.
海關(guān)總署對檢出陽性的境外食品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)實施暫停其產(chǎn)品進口申報一周到四周的緊急預(yù)防性措施。

在口岸環(huán)節(jié)開展預(yù)防性消毒工作

China also ramped up disinfection at ports to stem the spread of COVID-19 through imported cold chains. By Wednesday, the outer packagings of 13.17 million products had been disinfected at ports across the country.
加強進口冷鏈?zhǔn)称房诎董h(huán)節(jié)預(yù)防性消毒工作，嚴防新冠肺炎疫情通過進口冷鏈?zhǔn)称份斎腼L(fēng)險。截至1月13日24時，全國口岸環(huán)節(jié)已預(yù)防性消毒進口冷鏈?zhǔn)称吠獍b1317萬件。

【詞匯講解】

這里的ramp up是一個固定搭配的短語，表示“增加，加強”等意思，根據(jù)不同的語境可以跟increase或intensify替換使用，比如：The company announced plans to ramp up production to 10,000 units per month.（公司宣布將每月產(chǎn)量增加到一萬件）；ramp up security in the airports（加強機場安保）。

國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 Gross Domestic Product

國家統(tǒng)計局1月18日發(fā)布數(shù)據(jù)，2020年，我國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）首次突破100萬億元大關(guān)。

China's economy grew by 2.3 percent in 2020, with major economic targets achieving better-than-expected results, the National Bureau of Statistics said on Monday.
國家統(tǒng)計局1月18日表示，2020年，我國經(jīng)濟增長2.3%，經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)完成情況好于預(yù)期。

The country's annual GDP came in at 101.59 trillion yuan ($15.68 trillion) in 2020, surpassing the 100 trillion yuan threshold, the NBS said.
國家統(tǒng)計局表示，2020年全年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達到101.59萬億元，突破100萬億元大關(guān)。

【單詞講解】

Threshold讀作['θre?.h??ld]，本意指“門檻”，也可以引申為“...的起點”等意思，比如： a low threshold for pain（痛點很低），the threshold of a new era（新時代的起點）， income tax threshold（個稅起征點）等。

【知識點】

國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（Gross Domestic Product，簡稱GDP）是指在一定時期內(nèi)（一個季度或一年），一個國家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟中所生產(chǎn)出的全部最終產(chǎn)品和勞務(wù)的價值（the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a specific time period），常被公認為衡量國家經(jīng)濟狀況的最佳指標(biāo)。

Output of industrial companies with annual revenue of more than 20 million yuan expanded by 2.8 percent year-on-year in 2020 and 7.3 percent in December.
全年全國規(guī)模以上工業(yè)增加值比上年增長2.8%。12月份，規(guī)模以上工業(yè)增加值同比增長7.3%。

【知識點】

規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)是中華人民共和國自1996年開始使用的一個統(tǒng)計學(xué)術(shù)語，與“規(guī)模以下”相對，2011年1月起用于代指年主營業(yè)務(wù)收入人民幣2000萬元及以上的全部工業(yè)企業(yè)（industrial companies with annual revenue of more than 20 million yuan）。

Growth in retail sales came in at negative 3.9 percent year-on-year last year, but the growth recovered to positive 4.6 percent in December.
全年社會消費品零售總額比上年下降3.9%。不過，12月份，社會消費品零售總額同比增長4.6%。

The country registered a 2.9-percent growth in fixed-asset investment in 2020.
全年全國固定資產(chǎn)投資比上年增長2.9%。

The surveyed urban unemployment rate nationwide was 5.2 percent in December and 5.6 percent on average in the whole year.
12月份，全國城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率為5.2%，2020年年均城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率為5.6%。

月球樣品 lunar samples

嫦娥五號從月球帶回的約1731克“土特產(chǎn)”備受關(guān)注。1月18日，國家航天局首次對外發(fā)布了《月球樣品管理辦法》，明確了這些“土特產(chǎn)”的用途。

The regulations cover general principles for preserving, managing, using, borrowing and returning the lunar samples, as well as information release and research results management of the samples.
辦法包含了月球樣品保存、管理和使用的總體原則、信息發(fā)布、借用與分發(fā)、使用與返還、成果管理等方面內(nèi)容。

The lunar samples will be divided into four categories－permanent storage, backup permanent storage, research, and public-interest purposes, according to the regulations.
辦法規(guī)定，月球樣品原則上將分為永久存儲、備份永久存儲、研究和公益四種基礎(chǔ)用途。

【單詞講解】

這里的backup指a copy of something that is stored separately from the original one，即“（與原始樣本分開存儲的）備份”，比如，Before we leave work each day, we make a backup of all the records we have entered into the computer that day.（每天下班前，我們都要把當(dāng)天錄入電腦的記錄全部做備份）；另外，backup還可以指“備用的人或物”，比如：The party is going to be outdoors, so we'll need to organize somewhere as a backup in case it rains.（派對安排在戶外，所以我們需要另外找一個備用場地，以防中途下雨）?？疵绖〉臅r候，我們經(jīng)常會聽到人說“call for backup”，在這里，backup表示“后續(xù)的支援力量”。

按照基礎(chǔ)用途：永久存儲和備份永久存儲樣品作為原始樣品進行封存（sealed and stored as original samples）；研究樣品用于月球科學(xué)研究、分析（scientific research and analysis）；公益樣品用于展覽（public exhibition）、科普、教育（science education）等公益性活動。

在國際合作方面，辦法指出：

The samples' managing and using will be done in accordance with international treaties that China has signed or taken part in. Meanwhile, China National Space Administration encourages researchers at home and abroad to use the samples in joint studies on space science and to share their findings with each other.
月球樣品的管理和使用遵守中華人民共和國締結(jié)和參加的相關(guān)國際公約。國家航天局鼓勵開展基于月球樣品的空間科學(xué)國際聯(lián)合研究工作，促進成果的國際共享。

年夜飯 New Year's Eve meal

因近期新冠疫情多地散發(fā)，全國各地都號召就地過年。年夜飯怎么吃，就成了很多人關(guān)心的問題。

The number of searches for "New Year's Eve meal" on an online food-ordering platform this year is four times higher than that of the same period last year.
在線訂餐平臺上“年夜飯”的搜索量同比去年同期上漲了4倍。

【知識點】

這里的“年夜飯”除了用New Year's Eve meal表示，很多時候也可以用reunion dinner表達，即“團圓飯”，年夜飯里一定要有魚，寓意“年年有余（魚）（wish for an increase in prosperity year-after-year）”。

Many restaurants are preparing more ready-to-cook meals and standard sets for one to two people to meet the expected spike in demand from young consumers in first and second-tier cities.
很多一二線城市的餐館已經(jīng)在增加半成品年夜飯以及適宜1至2人食用的套餐儲備，以應(yīng)對年輕消費者相關(guān)需求的激增。

【單詞講解】

這里的ready-to-cook meals指各類食材都已準(zhǔn)備好，只需簡單烹調(diào)就可以食用的餐食，與其相對的是ready meal或ready-made meal，即“預(yù)制餐”，只需加熱即可食用。另外，我們?nèi)粘Ｙ徺I的各種“成衣”都可以用ready-to-wear clothes表示，即“用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化尺寸制作好的衣服，可以隨買隨穿”。

Some merchants are also planning to launch deluxe New Year's Eve sets for singles.
有商家計劃推出“年夜飯豪華單人套餐”。

Some time-honored and well-known restaurants have also launched takeout reunion meals.
一些知名餐飲老字號商家也推出外帶年夜飯。

【單詞講解】

這里的takeout可以用作名詞或形容詞，表示“外賣（商家或食物）”，主要用于美式英語語境，在英式英語中，“外賣”多用takeaway表示。與其相對的“堂食”多用dine in表示，比如：They offer dine-in and takeout（他們提供堂食和外帶服務(wù)）。

返鄉(xiāng)人員 people returning to rural areas

國家衛(wèi)生健康委員會疾控局監(jiān)察專員王斌在1月20日國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制新聞發(fā)布會上表示，返鄉(xiāng)人員要持有7日以內(nèi)的核酸陰性檢測證明，才能夠返鄉(xiāng)。

According to a notice released on the website of the National Health Commission, people returning to rural areas should isolate themselves at home for 14 days and take nucleic acid tests every seven days.
國家衛(wèi)健委官網(wǎng)發(fā)布的通知顯示，返鄉(xiāng)人員需居家隔離14天，每7天進行一次核酸檢測。

In addition to checking the test results of returnees during the festival, local governments must monitor and record their health status, increase local testing capacity and establish quarantine facilities in preparation for potential outbreaks.
除查驗檢測結(jié)果以外，各地政府還要監(jiān)測并記錄返鄉(xiāng)人員健康狀況，提升檢測能力，建立隔離設(shè)施，做好突發(fā)應(yīng)對準(zhǔn)備。

何為返鄉(xiāng)人員？

國家衛(wèi)健委明確：返鄉(xiāng)人員是指從外地返回農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人員（returnees are those who return to rural areas from other parts of the country）。

主要包括：

一是跨省份返鄉(xiāng)人員（cross-provincial returnees）；

二是來自本省內(nèi)中高風(fēng)險區(qū)域所在地市的返鄉(xiāng)人員（中高風(fēng)險區(qū)域內(nèi)部人員原則上不流動）（returnees from medium or high risk areas within the province）；

三是本省內(nèi)的進口冷鏈?zhǔn)称窂臉I(yè)人員、口岸直接接觸進口貨物從業(yè)人員、隔離場所工作人員、交通運輸工具從業(yè)人員等重點人群（specific populations who deal with cold-chain imported food, have direct contact with imported goods at ports, work at quarantine sites or in transportation sector）。

持核酸檢測陰性證明返鄉(xiāng)從什么時候開始？

持核酸檢測陰性證明返鄉(xiāng)從1月28日春運開始后實施，至3月8日春運結(jié)束后截止（the policy will be followed during the annual Spring Festival travel rush which lasts from Jan 28 to March 8 this year）。

持核酸檢測陰性證明返鄉(xiāng)后是否需要隔離？

持核酸檢測陰性證明返鄉(xiāng)后不需要隔離，但需要進行14天居家健康監(jiān)測（14-day health monitoring at home），做好體溫、癥狀監(jiān)測，非必要不外出、不聚集（avoid unnecessary outing and gathering），必須外出時做好個人防護，并在返鄉(xiāng)后第7天和第14天分別做一次核酸檢測。

返鄉(xiāng)不滿14天的，以實際返鄉(xiāng)時間落實居家健康監(jiān)測和核酸檢測要求。

家庭教育法 family education law

家庭教育法草案近日提請全國人大常委會會議審議。

Parents or guardians should not use violence as a way to teach children lessons, the draft law said. They should not discriminate against children based on their gender or physical condition, or coerce, lure, incite or use minors to violate laws, regulations or social morality, according to the draft.
草案提出，未成年人父母或者其他監(jiān)護人在實施家庭教育過程中，不得對未成年人有性別、身體狀況等歧視，不得有任何形式的家庭暴力，不得脅迫、引誘、教唆、利用未成年人從事違反法律法規(guī)和社會公德的活動。

【詞匯講解】

這里的teach children lessons就是我們熟知的短語teach someone a lesson的復(fù)數(shù)形式，劍橋在線詞典對這個短語的解釋是“to show someone, as a result of experience, what should not be done in the future”，即“通過某種經(jīng)歷讓某人知道以后什么事不能干”，也就是“給某人一個教訓(xùn)”，比如：After the CEO was found guilty, he was forced to repay $150 million in damages and will spend the next 10 years in jail. If that doesn't teach him a lesson, I don't know what will.（那位首席執(zhí)行官被判有罪后，他要賠償1.5億美元的損失，還要入獄服刑10年。如果這都不能讓他有個教訓(xùn)，我不知道還有什么事兒能教訓(xùn)他了）。

草案明確，家庭教育（family education）是指父母或者其他監(jiān)護人對未成年人實施的、以促進其健康成長為目的的引導(dǎo)和影響（guidance and influence that aims to promote the healthy growth and development of minors），根本任務(wù)在于立德樹人（foster character and civic virtue）。

草案其他要點包括：

Parents and guardians shoulder the primary responsibility to educate children, while the government, schools and society should offer support for family education, the draft said, adding that the country should intervene when necessary.
未成年人的父母或者其他監(jiān)護人是實施家庭教育的責(zé)任主體。政府、學(xué)校、社會為家庭教育提供支持，促進家庭教育。必要時，國家對家庭教育進行干預(yù)。

Law enforcement should admonish parents or ask them to improve family education when children have received administrative punishment from the police or committed minor crimes, it said.
未成年人受到公安部門行政處罰或有輕微犯罪行為時，執(zhí)法部門應(yīng)該對其父母進行訓(xùn)誡或要求其改進家庭教育。

【單詞講解】

這里的admonish讀作/?d?m?n.??/，表示“訓(xùn)誡、責(zé)備；規(guī)勸”等意思，多用于正式語境，常用的搭配是admonish someone for doing something或admonish someone to do something，比如：His mother admonished him for eating too quickly.（他吃飯?zhí)毂凰麐寢屫?zé)備了）；Her teacher admonished her to work harder for her exams.（老師勸告她要努力備考）。

Courts could strip guardianship from parents if law enforcement authorities find they have violated the rights and interests of minors and have refused to correct their behavior.
侵犯未成年人權(quán)益且拒絕改正的父母，法院可以剝奪其監(jiān)護人資格。

Schools should notify parents when students have seriously violated regulations or laws and offer parents guidance in educating children. When parents refuse to fulfill their responsibilities, schools should notify the local residential or village committee or the parents' employers, it said.
學(xué)生在校嚴重違法違規(guī)時，學(xué)校應(yīng)通知家長并為其提供教育指導(dǎo)。父母拒絕履行家長責(zé)任的，學(xué)校應(yīng)通知當(dāng)?shù)鼐游瘯ù逦瘯┗蚣议L所在單位。