中國媒體十大新詞語 Top 10 new words in media

12月16日，國家語言資源監(jiān)測(cè)與研究中心發(fā)布“2020年度中國媒體十大新詞語”。本次發(fā)布的十大新詞語依次是：

一、復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn) resumption of work and production

二、新冠疫情 COVID-19 pandemic

三、無癥狀感染者 asymptomatic cases

四、方艙醫(yī)院 makeshift hospitals

五、健康碼 health QR code/health code

六、數(shù)字人民幣 digital currency

七、服貿(mào)會(huì) China International Fair for Trade in Services, CIFTIS

八、雙循環(huán) dual circulation

九、天問一號(hào) Tianwen 1

十、無接觸配送 contactless delivery

嫦娥五號(hào) Chang'e-5 mission

President Xi Jinping on Dec 17 congratulated the complete success of the Chang'e-5 mission that brings back the country's first samples collected from the moon. On behalf of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC), Xi, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the CMC, extended warm congratulations and sincere greetings to all members who participated in the Chang'e-5 mission in a congratulatory message.
12月17日，嫦娥五號(hào)首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了我國地外天體采樣返回。中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平發(fā)來賀電，代表黨中央、國務(wù)院和中央軍委，向探月工程任務(wù)指揮部并參加嫦娥五號(hào)任務(wù)的全體同志致以熱烈的祝賀和誠摯的問候。

As China's most complicated space project, the Chang'e-5 mission has achieved the extraterrestrial sampling and returning for the first time. It is another major achievement in overcoming difficulties by giving full play to the advantages of the new nationwide system, marking a great step forward in China's space industry. This will contribute to deepening the understanding of the origin of the moon and the evolution history of the solar system.
嫦娥五號(hào)任務(wù)作為我國復(fù)雜度最高、技術(shù)跨度最大的航天系統(tǒng)工程，首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了我國地外天體采樣返回。這是發(fā)揮新型舉國體制優(yōu)勢(shì)攻堅(jiān)克難取得的又一重大成就，標(biāo)志著中國航天向前邁出的一大步，將為深化人類對(duì)月球成因和太陽系演化歷史的科學(xué)認(rèn)知作出貢獻(xiàn)。

人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作名錄 Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

聯(lián)合國教科文組織保護(hù)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)政府間委員會(huì)第15屆常會(huì)于12月14日至19日在線上召開。本屆常會(huì)共評(píng)審57個(gè)國家申報(bào)的50個(gè)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目。

Tai Chi, a centuries-old martial art and now a popular form of exercise, was inscribed on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Thursday evening (Beijing Time). Another honored entry is "Wangchuan ceremony and related practices for maintaining the sustainable connection between man and the ocean," which was nominated by China together with Malaysia.
北京時(shí)間12月17日晚，我國單獨(dú)申報(bào)的“太極拳”、我國與馬來西亞聯(lián)合申報(bào)的“送王船——有關(guān)人與海洋可持續(xù)聯(lián)系的儀式及相關(guān)實(shí)踐”兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目，列入聯(lián)合國教科文組織人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作名錄。

【單詞講解】

Inscribe這個(gè)詞的本意是“雕、刻”，刻上去的文字一般會(huì)保留很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，所以這個(gè)詞也有“寫入、記錄”之意，即to write, engrave, or print as a lasting record或者to enter on a list，常用的搭配除了上文中的inscribe something on something (as...)以外，還有inscribe something with...，比如：They inscribed the monument with the soldiers' names.（他們把戰(zhàn)士們的名字刻在紀(jì)念碑上。）

太極拳

Originating during the mid 17th century in Wenxian county in Henan province in central China, it is now practiced throughout China by people of all ages and by different ethnic groups.
太極拳自17世紀(jì)中葉發(fā)源于河南省溫縣以來，習(xí)練者遍布全國各地，不限年齡、不限民族。

Tai chi's basic movements center on wubu (five steps) and bafa (eight techniques) with a series of routines, exercises and tuishou (hand-pushing skills, performed with a counterpart).
太極拳最核心的動(dòng)作是“八法五步”常規(guī)招式以及“推手”（兩人之間雙手的徒手對(duì)抗）。

送王船

The wangchuan ceremony and related practices are rooted in folk customs of worshipping Ong Yah, a deity believed to protect people and their lands from disasters.
送王船及相關(guān)實(shí)踐源自于民間的王爺崇拜信俗，據(jù)稱王爺是可以保護(hù)民眾及其土地免受災(zāi)害的一位天神。

The element evokes the historical memory of ancestors' ocean-going and honors the harmony between man and the ocean. It also bears witness to the intercultural dialogue among communities.
送王船傳遞著人們對(duì)先輩走向海洋的歷史記憶，體現(xiàn)了人與自然和諧相處的理念，見證了社群之間的跨文化對(duì)話。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

根據(jù)聯(lián)合國教科文組織的定義，非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)（Intangible Cultural Heritage）包括口頭傳統(tǒng)（oral traditions）, 表演藝術(shù)（performing arts）, 社會(huì)慣例（social practices），儀式（rituals）, 節(jié)日活動(dòng)（festive events）, 與本土或全球有關(guān)的知識(shí)及慣例（knowledge and practices concerning native and the universe）或者制作傳統(tǒng)工藝品的知識(shí)和技能（the knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts）。

至此，我國共有42個(gè)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目列入聯(lián)合國教科文組織非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄（冊(cè)）（42 entries in UNESCO''s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage List of Humanity），居世界第一。

新冠病毒疫苗 COVID-19 vaccines

國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制12月19日的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)表示，在冬春季節(jié)到來之際，對(duì)部分重點(diǎn)人群開展新冠病毒疫苗接種工作，后續(xù)爭(zhēng)取做到高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)人群“應(yīng)接盡接”。

In a two-step vaccination drive, the COVID-19 vaccines will be given first to priority groups, including those engaged in handling imported cold-chain products and people working in exposed sectors such as port inspection and quarantine, ship pilotage, aviation, fresh market, public transport, medical treatment, and disease control, Cui Gang, an official with NHC's disease control department, said at a press conference.The vaccination program will also cover those who plan to work or study in countries and regions with medium or high risks of exposure to the virus, Cui added.
國家衛(wèi)生健康委疾控局負(fù)責(zé)人崔鋼介紹，我國目前接種的策略是按照“兩步走”方案，第一步主要是針對(duì)部分重點(diǎn)人群開展接種，這些人群包括從事進(jìn)口冷鏈、口岸檢疫、船舶引航、航空空勤、生鮮市場(chǎng)、公共交通、醫(yī)療疾控等感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比較高的工作人員，以及前往中高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)國家或者地區(qū)去工作或者學(xué)習(xí)的人員。

【單詞講解】

關(guān)于“疫苗”的幾個(gè)詞，vaccine就是“疫苗”本身，vaccinate就是“注射疫苗、接種疫苗”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，而其名詞形式vaccination就是“接種疫苗”這件事。動(dòng)詞inoculate在表示“接種（疫苗）”這個(gè)意思的時(shí)候與vaccinate是可以互換使用的，其名詞形式是inoculation，不過inoculate還可以表示“灌輸（思想）”，常用的搭配是inoculate someone with，比如：The teacher inoculated them with the idea that the individual can always make a difference in this world.（老師給他們灌輸?shù)乃枷胧?，個(gè)人是可以給這個(gè)世界帶來改變的。）

Next, with COVID-19 vaccines officially approved to enter the market or the yield of vaccines improving steadily, China will put more vaccines into use, inoculating the eligible population as widely as possible, Cui said.
第二步，隨著疫苗正式批準(zhǔn)上市，疫苗產(chǎn)量逐步提高，將會(huì)有更多的疫苗投入使用。符合條件的群眾都能實(shí)現(xiàn)“應(yīng)接盡接”。

【單詞講解】

Eligible這個(gè)詞在閱讀和寫作中經(jīng)常用到，可以用作動(dòng)詞或名詞表示“符合條件的（人）；合適的（結(jié)婚對(duì)象）”，比如：you are not eligible for unemployment benefits since you are not really out of work（你并不是完全失業(yè)，所以沒有資格領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)金）。His mother is keen to find him an eligible within a short period of time.（他母親著急想在短時(shí)間內(nèi)給他找個(gè)合適的對(duì)象）。

我國疫苗研發(fā)處于全球第一方陣

疫情發(fā)生以后，我國布局了五條技術(shù)路線，推進(jìn)疫苗研發(fā)。目前，按照世界衛(wèi)生組織統(tǒng)計(jì)，我國進(jìn)入臨床試驗(yàn)的疫苗和進(jìn)入三期臨床的疫苗，都處于全球第一方陣。

More than one million doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been distributed for emergency inoculation use since July.The emergency vaccinations were given to people with high exposure risks on the premise of voluntary, informed consent.
7月以來，在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)暴露人群自愿、知情、同意的前提下，我國已經(jīng)累計(jì)完成100多萬劑次緊急接種疫苗工作。

After strict monitoring and observation, no serious adverse reactions took place.
經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的不良反應(yīng)監(jiān)測(cè)和追蹤觀察，沒有出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的不良反應(yīng)。

目前，我國進(jìn)展比較快的疫苗已經(jīng)獲得了三期臨床試驗(yàn)中期需要的病例數(shù)，近期已經(jīng)在向國家藥監(jiān)局提供相關(guān)材料。

If the vaccine's (performance) statistics reach the required standards, the medical products administration will approve it for the market, and then our vaccine will be produced and rolled out more quickly, because we have already prepared for mass production.
如果數(shù)據(jù)達(dá)到相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，國家藥監(jiān)部門將會(huì)批準(zhǔn)附條件上市或者上市，我國的疫苗將會(huì)更快地普及，更快地提高產(chǎn)量，我國已做好大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的準(zhǔn)備。

新冠疫苗有效期多長(zhǎng)？

國家衛(wèi)生健康委副主任曾益新表示：

It is too early to conclude whether the Chinese vaccines can offer lifelong immunity or protection for five to 10 years like many other viral vaccines.
我國新冠疫苗保護(hù)期能不能像很多病毒性疫苗一樣，能夠終身免疫，或者至少保護(hù)五年十年，還不能下這個(gè)結(jié)論。

"However, there is little doubt that Chinese COVID-19 vaccines can offer protection for at least six months based on existing evidence," he said, adding that this standard is on par with the requirement by the World Health Organization.
當(dāng)前證據(jù)顯示，疫苗保護(hù)期，按世衛(wèi)組織的規(guī)定要求的半年以上，基本上沒有太多的疑問。

【單詞講解】

這里的on par with有時(shí)候也寫作on a par with，表示“與...標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（水平）一致”，比如：His new book is on par with his best sellers.（他的新書跟他其他的暢銷書水平相當(dāng)）。

Optimistically speaking, it would be unlikely for the public to need to routinely take COVID-19 vaccines once every six months to one year, like flu shots, because the flu virus mutates very quickly and there may be a different strain every year causing an outbreak.
流感疫苗每年打一次，是因?yàn)榱鞲胁《咀儺愄貏e快，每年不同的亞型在流行。新冠疫苗不存在半年或者一年要重新再接種一次，比較樂觀的估計(jì)，可能性不大。

"Although we believe the COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective, we advise the public to maintain personal hygiene and protection, including wearing masks, washing hands and practicing social distancing," he said.
雖然我們相信新冠疫苗是安全有效的，但是大家要繼續(xù)維持個(gè)人衛(wèi)生和防護(hù)措施，包括戴口罩、勤洗手、保證社交距離等這些好習(xí)慣。

This is because no vaccine can guarantee 100 percent protection, and people should not lower their guard, especially not before herd immunity has been established, he added.
目前為止還沒有任何一個(gè)疫苗說保護(hù)率達(dá)到百分之百的。特別是在當(dāng)前群體免疫還沒有建立起來的情況下，即使打了疫苗，防護(hù)措施仍然不能減。

疫苗去哪打？

國家衛(wèi)生健康委疾控局負(fù)責(zé)人崔鋼表示，

Usually, the vaccination units are located in health service centers, township clinicss or general hospitals, local governments have been requested to publish information on vaccination services in a timely manner.
通常情況下，接種單位都是設(shè)在轄區(qū)的衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院或者綜合醫(yī)院，已經(jīng)要求各地及時(shí)公布接種服務(wù)信息。

Others who have not been vaccinated for the time being need not worry. Wearing masks in public places, practicing social distance and washing hands are protective measures that have been proven to be very effective.
其他暫時(shí)沒有接種的群眾也不用擔(dān)心。做好個(gè)人防護(hù)，在公共場(chǎng)所戴好口罩、保持社交距離、勤洗手等，這些措施都被證明非常有效。

盲盒 mystery boxes

Mystery boxes are gaining popularity in China, with the size of the toy's market expected to reach over 30 billion yuan by 2024, according to an industry report.
一份行業(yè)報(bào)告顯示，盲盒在中國的受歡迎度不斷攀升，預(yù)計(jì)到2024年，盲盒的市場(chǎng)規(guī)模將達(dá)到300億元。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

“盲盒”，在英語中可以用mystery boxes或mystery toy boxes表示，里面裝的通常是動(dòng)漫、影視作品的周邊，或者是設(shè)計(jì)師單獨(dú)設(shè)計(jì)出來的玩偶（collectible figures）。之所以叫“盲盒”，是因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者在購買的時(shí)候看不到里面裝的是哪一款（the packaging doesn't allow buyers to see what's inside），只有在打開之后才能看到。

行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈

Makers of the mystery boxes currently face fierce competition in the market, with the leader -- Pop Mart -- having a market share of only 8.5 percent, said the report.
報(bào)告指出，盲盒廠商目前面臨激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，位于領(lǐng)先地位的泡泡瑪特占據(jù)的市場(chǎng)份額僅有8.5%。

女白領(lǐng)和大學(xué)生是主要受眾

Female white-collar workers and Z-generation college students in first-tier cities are the primary consumers of mystery boxes. Females account for 62.6 percent of consumers, according to the report.
報(bào)告顯示，一線城市女白領(lǐng)和Z世代大學(xué)生是盲盒消費(fèi)的主力。女性消費(fèi)者占盲盒消費(fèi)人群的62.6%。

喜歡未知的刺激感

Young Chinese like cute items to decorate their desks and homes. The surprising nature of what one gets also excites consumers.
中國的年輕人喜歡用可愛的物件裝飾他們的辦公桌或家里，（購買盲盒）這種充滿驚喜的體驗(yàn)也會(huì)讓消費(fèi)者覺得刺激。

China's millennials spend more on mystery toys than any other hobby, including designer shoes and e-sports, according to a report from e-commerce platform Tmall, which is owned by Alibaba.
阿里巴巴旗下電商平臺(tái)天貓的一份報(bào)告指出，中國千禧一代在盲盒方面的花費(fèi)高于名牌鞋和電競(jìng)等愛好的花費(fèi)。