2020年12月新聞熱詞匯總
中國日報(bào)網(wǎng) 2020-12-31 10:30
健康碼互認(rèn) mutual recognition of health codes
國家衛(wèi)健委、國家醫(yī)保局、國家中醫(yī)藥管理局聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關(guān)于深入推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+醫(yī)療健康”“五個(gè)一”服務(wù)行動(dòng)的通知》。
All regional authorities should implement regulations and mechanism for mutual recognition of health codes in order to facilitate travel and cross-provincial mobility and achieve universal recognition of health codes nationwide, stressed the circular.
通知要求,各地要落實(shí)“健康碼”信息互認(rèn)機(jī)制和規(guī)則,切實(shí)方便人員出行和跨省流動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)防疫“健康碼”全國互認(rèn)。
【單詞講解】
Recognition這個(gè)詞我們并不陌生,它是動(dòng)詞recognize的名詞形式,本意是“認(rèn)識”,比如,When he returned to his home town after the war, he found it had changed out of all recognition.(戰(zhàn)后他回到家鄉(xiāng),那里已經(jīng)變得面目全非,他都認(rèn)不出來了),這個(gè)例句中的out of all recognition也可以寫作beyond all recognition,都表示“與之前的認(rèn)知差別太大,認(rèn)出不來”的意思。
本文的recognition強(qiáng)調(diào)的不只是“認(rèn)識”這個(gè)層面,而是“接受、認(rèn)可”,劍橋在線詞典的解釋是“agreement that something is true or legal”,即“認(rèn)為某事可信”,用通知里的表述來說就是“跨地區(qū)流動(dòng)人員“健康碼”信息在各地區(qū)可信可用”。
通知還明確:
In low-risk areas, apart from key locations and personnel, the verification of health codes is not compulsory.
在低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū),除特殊場所和特殊人員外,一般不應(yīng)查驗(yàn)“健康碼”。
【單詞講解】
Compulsory這個(gè)詞我們都很熟悉,表示“強(qiáng)制的,義務(wù)的,必須做的”意思,除了表示“義務(wù)教育(compulsory education)”以外,學(xué)校里設(shè)置的“必修課”是compulsory courses,再比如,It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets.(所有騎摩托車的人都必須戴頭盔。)
For the elderly and other groups who do not use or operate smart phones, the circular requires alternative measures such as reading ID cards, presenting paper certificates, having their health codes registered through friends or relatives, or registering multiple health codes under one account.
對于老年人等不使用、不會(huì)操作智能手機(jī)的群體,行動(dòng)通知要求可采取識讀身份證、出示紙質(zhì)證明、親友代辦或一人綁定多人防疫“健康碼”等替代措施。
The circular also underlined that the use of health code data must be strictly regulated to protect privacy.
行動(dòng)通知強(qiáng)調(diào)要強(qiáng)化數(shù)據(jù)安全管理,切實(shí)保護(hù)個(gè)人隱私。
慕課 MOOCs
12月9-11日,世界慕課大會(huì)在清華大學(xué)召開。教育部部長陳寶生在會(huì)上作主旨報(bào)告,分享了中國慕課與在線教育的實(shí)踐、創(chuàng)新與探索。
China is committed to further opening up its MOOC resources and sharing its quality education resources with other countries and regions, Education Minister Chen Baosheng said the conference. The country now ranks first globally in the number of MOOCs and viewers, he said.
教育部部長陳寶生表示,目前,中國慕課數(shù)量和應(yīng)用規(guī)模已居世界第一。他指出,中國致力于進(jìn)一步開放其慕課資源,并與其他國家和地區(qū)共享優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源。
【知識點(diǎn)】
Massive Open Online Courses(MOOC,大規(guī)模在線開放課程)也被稱為“慕課”,最初指教師傳統(tǒng)授課過程的電子版,現(xiàn)在,世界各地已經(jīng)有了專門的MOOC平臺,不少世界名校都開設(shè)了免費(fèi)在線課程(online courses),課程內(nèi)容多為視頻形式,從幾分鐘到十幾分鐘不等,學(xué)生看完一部分后需答對相應(yīng)的問題才能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生之間還可在線進(jìn)行討論。此外,MOOC也有作業(yè),deadline和期末考試,并由機(jī)器來打分,有些課程通過考試還可獲得一張證書。
中國慕課自2013年起步,已逐步建立獨(dú)具特色的發(fā)展模式。
By October, the country had more than 30 MOOC platforms and 34,000 such courses. A total of 540 million people had participated in massive online open courses, and 150 million university students had received credits through them.
截至今年10月,我國已有30多個(gè)慕課平臺,上線慕課數(shù)量超過3.4萬門,學(xué)習(xí)人數(shù)達(dá)5.4億人次,在校生獲得慕課學(xué)分人數(shù)1.5億人次。
新冠肺炎疫情期間“停課不停教、停課不停學(xué)”
To cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, all Chinese universities moved teaching online during the spring semester, with 1.08 million teachers producing 1.1 million online courses, he said, adding that this had laid a solid foundation for promoting the innovative development of online education and MOOCs.
陳寶生表示,為了應(yīng)對新冠肺炎疫情,中國所有的大學(xué)將春季學(xué)期全部課程轉(zhuǎn)移到網(wǎng)上,108萬教師制作了110萬個(gè)在線課程,此舉也為推動(dòng)在線教育和慕課的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
The unique advantages of MOOCs and online education have been leveraged to promote educational equity and sharing of quality educational resources so that everyone can learn whenever and wherever they want, Chen said.
慕課和在線教育的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢得以充分利用來推動(dòng)教育公平及優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源共享,實(shí)現(xiàn)人人皆學(xué)、處處能學(xué)、時(shí)時(shí)可學(xué)。
【單詞講解】
這里的leverage來源于lever(杠桿,讀作/'li:v?(r)/),可以用作動(dòng)詞或名詞,表示“杠桿作用,優(yōu)勢;發(fā)揮杠桿作用,充分利用”等意思,比如:The union's size gave it leverage in the labor contract negotiations.(工會(huì)的規(guī)模使其在勞動(dòng)合同談判中具有優(yōu)勢)。He is shamelessly leveraging the system to his advantage.(他在無恥地利用系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢為他自己謀利。)
中國媒體十大流行語 Top 10 media buzzwords
2020年12月11日,國家語言資源監(jiān)測與研究中心發(fā)布“2020年度中國媒體十大流行語”。本次發(fā)布的十大流行語依次為:
一、新冠肺炎 COVID-19
二、抗疫 the battle against COVID-19
三、復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn) resumption of work and production
四、民法典 the Civil Code
五、網(wǎng)課 online classes
六、雙循環(huán) dual circulation
七、人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體 a global community of health for all
八、抗美援朝70周年 the 70th anniversary of the Chinese People's Volunteers entering the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to fight in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea
九、六穩(wěn)六保 ensure stability in 6 key areas and effectively meet 6 priorities
“六穩(wěn)”是指穩(wěn)就業(yè)、穩(wěn)金融、穩(wěn)外貿(mào)、穩(wěn)外資、穩(wěn)投資、穩(wěn)預(yù)期(keep employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign and domestic investments, and expectations stable)工作;
“六保”是指保居民就業(yè)、?;久裆?、保市場主體、保糧食能源安全、保產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈穩(wěn)定、?;鶎舆\(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)(ensure security in job, basic living needs, operations of market entities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of primary-level governments)。
十、嫦娥五號 Chang'e 5 lunar probe
唯論文 overemphasizing the role of theses
教育部印發(fā)《關(guān)于破除高校哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)研究評價(jià)中“唯論文”不良導(dǎo)向的若干意見》,提出10個(gè)“不得”的底線要求。
Chinese education authority has required universities and colleges to rectify the problem of overemphasizing the role of theses in academic appraisals.
教育管理部門要求高校糾正在學(xué)術(shù)評價(jià)中過度強(qiáng)調(diào)論文的問題。
【單詞講解】
這里的theses是thesis一詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。學(xué)位論文的用詞在英式英語和美式英語中截然不同:英式英語里,本科和碩士論文都叫dissertation,博士論文叫thesis;而美式英語則完全反過來,本科和碩士論文叫thesis,博士論文叫dissertation。
Appraisal是動(dòng)詞appraise的名詞形式,表示“評估,估價(jià)”等意思,比如:real estate appraisals(房地產(chǎn)估價(jià));damage appraisal(估損); I made a quick appraisal of the situation and decided to leave right away(我快速評估了一下形勢,然后決定馬上離開)。
意見明確“十不得”:
不得簡單以刊物、頭銜、榮譽(yù)、資歷等判斷論文質(zhì)量(the quality of a thesis should not be judged simply by the journal on which it is published or the author's title, honor and credentials),防止“以刊評文”“以刊代評”“以人評文”。
不得過分依賴國際數(shù)據(jù)和期刊(avoid over-reliance on international data and journals),防止國際期刊論文至上。
不得為追求國際發(fā)表而刻意矮化丑化中國、損害國家主權(quán)安全發(fā)展利益(anyone should not deliberately dwarf and vilify China or damage national sovereignty security and development interests in order to get international publication)。
不得將SSCI、CSSCI等論文收錄數(shù)(number of theses included in the SSCI and CSSCI)、引用率和影響因子(citation rate and impact factor)等指標(biāo)與資源分配、物質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、績效工資(resource allocation, material incentives and performance-based salary)等簡單掛鉤,防止高額獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)論文。
【知識點(diǎn)】
SSCI(Social Sciences Citation Index)即“社會(huì)科學(xué)引文索引”,由美國科學(xué)信息研究所創(chuàng)建,是目前世界上可以用來對不同國家和地區(qū)的社會(huì)科學(xué)論文的數(shù)量進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的大型檢索工具。
CSSCI(Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index)即“中文社會(huì)科學(xué)引文索引” 由南京大學(xué)研制,是國家、教育部重點(diǎn)研究項(xiàng)目,用來檢索中文社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的論文收錄和文獻(xiàn)被引用情況。
不得將SSCI、CSSCI等論文收錄數(shù)作為導(dǎo)師崗位選聘、人才計(jì)劃申報(bào)評審的唯一指標(biāo)(the only or compulsory criterion for selection of supervisors and appraisal of professors and researchers)。
不得把SSCI、CSSCI等論文收錄數(shù)作為教師招聘、職務(wù)(職稱)評聘、人才引進(jìn)的前置條件和直接依據(jù)(the precondition and criterion for the recruitment, promotion and introduction of talents)。
不得將在學(xué)術(shù)期刊上發(fā)表論文作為學(xué)位授予的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(the publishing of theses in academic journals should not be taken as the only criterion for awarding academic degrees)。
不得將學(xué)歷、職稱等作為在教育系統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)期刊發(fā)表論文的限制性條件(diploma and academic titles should not serve as restrictive conditions for theses publishing in educational journals)。
不得多頭評價(jià)、重復(fù)評價(jià)(one thesis should not be submitted in multiple appraisal events),嚴(yán)格控制涉及論文的評價(jià)活動(dòng)數(shù)量和頻次。
不得盲目采信、引用和宣傳各類機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)布的排行榜(universities should not blindly adopt, quote and promote rankings issued by institutions),不過度依賴以論文發(fā)表情況為主要衡量指標(biāo)的排行性評價(jià)。